buenos aires

 

  • [29] Industrial workers of the Greater Buenos Aires industrial belt have been Peronism’s main support base ever since, and Plaza de Mayo became the site for demonstrations
    and many of the country’s political events; on 16 June 1955, however, a splinter faction of the Navy bombed the Plaza de Mayo area, killing 364 civilians (see Bombing of Plaza de Mayo).

  • Furthermore, it declared that the Port of Buenos Aires, along with some other places, would remain under constituted federal authorities.

  • [citation needed] The Jewish community in Greater Buenos Aires numbers around 250,000, and is the largest in the country.

  • In June 1996, shortly before the city’s first Executive elections were held, the Argentine National Congress issued the National Law 24.588 (known as Ley Cafiero, after the
    Senator who advanced the project) by which the authority over the 25,000-strong Argentine Federal Police and the responsibility over the federal institutions residing at the city (e.g., National Supreme Court of Justice buildings) would not
    be transferred from the National Government to the Autonomous City Government until a new consensus could be reached at the National Congress.

  • The short form that eventually became the city’s name, “Buenos Aires”, became commonly used during the 17th century.

  • [57][58][59][60] Government and politics Government structure[edit] The Buenos Aires City Hall in the right corner of the entrance to the Avenida de Mayo Since the adoption
    of the city’s Constitution in 1996, Buenos Aires has counted with a democratically elected executive; Article 61 of the Constitution of the states that “Suffrage is free, equal, secret, universal, compulsory and non-accumulative.

  • [2] Sensing these feelings, Charles III of Spain progressively eased the trade restrictions before finally declaring Buenos Aires an open port in the late 18th century.

  • • Plaza de Mayo Since being the scene of May Revolution of 1810 that led to Argentinian independence, the plaza has been a hub of political life in Argentina.

  • The city is also eighth largest in the world in terms of Jewish population.

  • [10][11] In 2012, it was the most visited city in South America, and the second-most visited city of Latin America.

  • This was the only time the city was attacked from the air, and the event was followed by a military uprising which deposed President Perón, three months later (see Revolución
    Libertadora).

  • Santiago de Liniers, chosen as new viceroy, prepared the city against a possible new British attack and repelled a second invasion by Britain in 1807.

  • Law enforcement[edit] Metropolitan Police of Buenos Aires City The Guardia Urbana de Buenos Aires (Buenos Aires Urban Guard) was a specialized civilian force of the city of
    Buenos Aires, Argentina, that used to deal with different urban conflicts with the objective of developing actions of prevention, dissuasion and mediation, promoting effective behaviors that guarantee the security and the integrity of public
    order and social coexistence.

  • This is because since the 19th century, the city, and the country in general, has been a major recipient of millions of immigrants from all over the world, making it a melting
    pot where several ethnic groups live together.

  • [32] The 2015 elections were the first to use an electronic voting system in the city, similar to the one used in Salta Province.

  • The plan, however, called for a seemingly indiscriminate razing of residential areas and, though only three of the eight planned were put up at the time, they were mostly
    obtrusive raised freeways that continue to blight a number of formerly comfortable neighborhoods to this day.

  • In the months immediately following said “May Revolution”, Buenos Aires sent a number of military envoys to the provinces with the intention of obtaining their approval.

  • Another explosion, on 18 July 1994, destroyed a building housing several Jewish organizations, killing 85 and injuring many more, these incidents marked the beginning of Middle
    Eastern terrorism to South America.

  • [18] In the first foundation of Buenos Aires, Spanish sailors arrived thankfully in the Río de la Plata by the blessings of the “Santa Maria de los Buenos Aires”, the “Holy
    Virgin Mary of the Good Winds” who was said to have given them the good winds to reach the coast of what is today the modern city of Buenos Aires.

  • The city’s main avenues were built during those years, and the dawn of the 20th century saw the construction of South America’s tallest buildings and its first underground
    system.

  • [28] In addition to the wealth generated by customs duties and Argentine foreign trade in general, as well as the existence of fertile pampas, railroad development in the
    second half of the 19th century increased the economic power of Buenos Aires as raw materials flowed into its factories.

  • The Greater Buenos Aires conurbation, which also includes several Buenos Aires Province districts, constitutes the fourth-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas,
    with a population of around 15.6 million.

  • In the brief period of British rule, the viceroy Rafael Sobremonte managed to escape to Córdoba and designated this city as capital.

  • The government was held first by two Juntas of many members, then by two triumvirates, and finally by a unipersonal office, the Supreme Director.

  • Buenos Aires managed to endure the whole Spanish American wars of independence without falling again under royalist rule.

  • This event started the Argentine War of Independence, and many armies left Buenos Aires to fight the diverse strongholds of royalist resistance, with varying levels of success.

  • A leading destination for immigrants from Europe, particularly Italy and Spain, from 1880 to 1930, Buenos Aires became a multicultural city that ranked itself alongside the
    major European capitals.

  • In 1996, following the 1994 reform of the Argentine Constitution, the city held its first mayoral elections under the new statutes, with the mayor’s title formally changed
    to “Head of Government”.

  • The Criollo and Spanish-aboriginal (mestizo) population in the city has increased mostly as a result of immigration from the inner provinces and from other countries such
    as neighboring Bolivia, Paraguay, Chile and Peru, since the second half of the 20th century.

  • Thus, Buenos Aires is considered one of the most diverse cities of the Americas.

  • During most of the 17th century, Spanish ships were menaced by pirates, so they developed a complex system where ships with military protection were dispatched to Central
    America in a convoy from Seville (the only port allowed to trade with the colonies) to Lima, Peru, and from it to the inner cities of the viceroyalty.

  • The capture of Portobelo in Panama by British forces also fueled the need to foster commerce via the Atlantic route, to the detriment of Lima-based trade.

  • The Buenos Aires City Police force began operations on 1 January 2017.

  • [25] When referring specifically to the autonomous city, it is very common to colloquially call it “Capital” in Spanish.

  • Following a 1993 agreement, the Argentine Constitution was amended to give Buenos Aires autonomy and rescinding, among other things, the president’s right to appoint the city’s
    mayor (as had been the case since 1880).

  • Because of this, products took a very long time to arrive in Buenos Aires, and the taxes generated by the transport made them prohibitive.

  • [31] PRO is established in the most affluent area of the city and in those over fifty years of age.

  • It was the first major snowfall in the city in 89 years.

  • In 2016, the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Police and part of the Argentine Federal Police were merged to create the new Buenos Aires City Police force.

  • 21st century[edit] Catalinas Norte is an important business complex composed of nineteen commercial office buildings and occupied by numerous leading Argentine companies,
    foreign subsidiaries, and diplomatic offices.

  • Shanty towns (villas miseria) started growing around the city’s industrial areas during the 1930s, leading to pervasive social problems and social contrasts with the largely
    upwardly-mobile Buenos Aires population.

  • [77] The city’s resident labor force of 1.2 million in 2001 was mostly employed in the services sector, particularly social services (25%), commerce and tourism (20%) and
    business and financial services (17%); despite the city’s role as Argentina’s capital, public administration employed only 6%.

  • [76] Other studies estimate that 4 million people in the metropolitan Buenos Aires area live in poverty.

  • Buenos Aires’ quality of life was ranked 91st in the world in 2018, being one of the best in Latin America.

  • This scheme frustrated the traders of Buenos Aires, and a thriving informal yet accepted by the authorities contraband industry developed inside the colonies and with the
    Portuguese.

  • Historically, Buenos Aires has been Argentina’s main venue of liberal, free-trading, and foreign ideas.

  • [26][27] A second (and permanent) settlement was established on 11 June 1580 by Juan de Garay, who arrived by sailing down the Paraná River from Asunción (now the capital
    of Paraguay).

  • One of his rulings was to split a region from the Viceroyalty of Perú and create instead the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, with Buenos Aires as the capital.

  • [80][81] Unrestricted waves of European immigrants to Argentina starting in the mid-19th century significantly increased the country’s population, even causing the number
    of porteños to triple between 1887 and 1915 from 500,000 to 1.5 million.

  • During this time, the Colón Theater became one of the world’s top opera venues, and the city became the regional capital of radio, television, cinema, and theater.

  • However, by 1810 it would be those same armies who would support a new revolutionary attempt, successfully removing the new viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros.

  • The subsequent dramatic economic growth of Buenos Aires helped to lead to its transfer to the municipal domain in 1888, whereby French Argentine urbanist Carlos Thays was
    commissioned to expand and further beautify the park, between 1892 and 1912.

  • [49] In January 2022, a heatwave caused power grid failure in parts of Buenos Aires metropolitan area affecting more than 700,000 households.

  • [71] The 2001 census showed a relatively aged population: with 17% under the age of fifteen and 22% over sixty, the people of Buenos Aires have an age structure similar to
    those in most European cities.

  • “[23] From its earliest days, Buenos Aires depended primarily on trade.

  • The city was visited by Pope John Paul II twice, firstly in 1982 and again in 1987; on these occasions gathered some of the largest crowds in the city’s history.

  • and the right-wing paramilitary group Triple A, supported by Isabel Perón, who became president of Argentina in 1974 after Juan Perón’s death.

  • [35][36] Geography The city of Buenos Aires lies in the pampa region, with the exception of some areas such as the Buenos Aires Ecological Reserve, the Boca Juniors (football
    club)’s “sports city”, Jorge Newbery Airport, the Puerto Madero neighborhood and the main port itself; these were all built on reclaimed land along the coasts of the Rio de la Plata (the world’s widest river).

  • The Chief of Government and the Legislature are both elected for four-year terms; half of the Legislature’s members are renewed every two years.

  • These laborers became the political base of Peronism, which emerged in Buenos Aires during the pivotal demonstration of 17 October 1945, at the Plaza de Mayo.

  • There are several subdivisions of these districts, some with a long history and others that are the product of a real estate invention.

  • [73] Buenos Aires’ population has hovered around 3 million since 1947, due to low birth rates and a slow migration to the suburbs.

  • [19] For many years, the name was attributed to a Sancho del Campo, who is said to have exclaimed: How fair are the winds of this land!, as he arrived.

  • [66] Beginning in 2007, the city has embarked on a new decentralization scheme, creating new Communes (comunas) which are to be managed by elected committees of seven members
    each.

  • [34] The second round was held on 19 July 2015 and Larreta obtained 51.6% of the vote, followed closely by Lousteau with 48.4%, thus, PRO won the elections for a third term
    with Larreta as mayor and Diego Santilli as deputy.

  • The issue was fought out more than once on the battlefield, until the matter was finally settled in 1880 when the city was federalized and became the seat of government, with
    its mayor appointed by the president.

  • • Buenos Aires Japanese Gardens Is the largest of its type in the world, outside Japan.

  • [78] A common expression is that of the Cien barrios porteños (“One hundred porteño neighborhoods”), referring to a composition made popular in the 1940s by tango singer Alberto
    Castillo; however, Buenos Aires only consists of 48 official barrios.

  • A second construction boom, from 1945 to 1980, reshaped downtown and much of the city.

  • A notable example is Palermo – the city’s largest district – which has been subdivided into various barrios, including Palermo Soho, Palermo Hollywood, Las Cañitas and Palermo
    viejo, among others.

  • [75] Measured in terms of income, the city’s poverty rate was 8.4% in 2007 and, including the metro area, 20.6%.

  • [14] It is a multicultural city that is home to multiple ethnic and religious groups, contributing to its culture as well as to the dialect spoken in the city and in some
    other parts of the country.

 

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