casablanca

 

  • “[77] A remembrance written for the film’s 75th anniversary published by The Washington Free Beacon said, “It is no exaggeration to say Casablanca is one of the greatest films
    ever made,” making special note of the “intellectual nature of the film” and saying that “while the first time around you might pay attention to only the superficial love story, by the second and third and fourth viewings the sub-textual politics
    [of communitarianism and anti-isolationism] have moved to the fore”.

  • [67] In a telegram to film editor Owen Marks on August 7, 1942, Wallis suggested two possible final lines of dialogue for Rick: “Louis, I might have known you’d mix your patriotism
    with a little larceny” or “Louis, I think this is the beginning of a beautiful friendship”.

  • [61] According to Julius Epstein, he and Philip were driving when they simultaneously came up with the idea for Renault to order the roundup of “the usual suspects”, after
    which all the details needed for resolution of the story, including the farewell between Bergman and “a suddenly noble Bogart”, were rapidly worked out.

  • [67] Bogart’s line “Here’s looking at you, kid”, said four times, was not in the draft screenplays, but has been attributed to a comment he made to Bergman as he taught her
    poker between takes.

  • The song “As Time Goes By” by Herman Hupfeld had been part of the story from the original play; Steiner wanted to write his own composition to replace it, but Bergman had
    already cut her hair short for her next role (María in For Whom the Bell Tolls) and could not reshoot the scenes that incorporated the song,[a] so Steiner based the entire score on it and “La Marseillaise”, the French national anthem, transforming
    them as leitmotifs to reflect changing moods.

  • Although Casablanca was an A-list film with established stars and first-rate writers, no one involved with its production expected it to stand out among the hundreds of pictures
    produced by Hollywood yearly.

  • However, despite studio resistance, they left to work on Frank Capra’s Why We Fight series early in 1942.

  • [34] The Warner Bros. story analyst who read the play, Stephen Karnot, called it (approvingly) “sophisticated hokum”[35] and story editor Irene Diamond, who had discovered
    the script on a trip to New York in 1941, convinced Hal Wallis to buy the rights in January 1942 for $20,000 (equivalent to $280,000 in 2020),[36] the most anyone in Hollywood had ever paid for an unproduced play.

  • [19] Ebert said that he had never heard of a negative review of the film, even though individual elements can be criticized, citing unrealistic special effects and the stiff
    character of Laszlo as portrayed by Paul Henreid.

  • [49][23] Writing[edit] The original play was inspired by a trip to Europe made by Murray Burnett and his wife in 1938, during which they visited Vienna shortly after the Anschluss
    and were affected by the antisemitism they saw.

  • [59] The possibility was discussed of Laszlo being killed in Casablanca, allowing Rick and Ilsa to leave together, but as Casey Robinson wrote to Wallis before filming began,
    the ending of the film “set up for a swell twist when Rick sends her away on the plane with Laszlo.

  • “[60] It was certainly impossible for Ilsa to leave Laszlo for Rick, as the Motion Picture Production Code forbade showing a woman leaving her husband for another man.

  • [28] Harmetz argues that they “brought to a dozen small roles in Casablanca an understanding and a desperation that could never have come from Central Casting”.

  • [82] Even though Steiner disliked “As Time Goes By”, he admitted in a 1943 interview that it “must have had something to attract so much attention”.

  • He is forcing the girl to live up to the idealism of her nature, forcing her to carry on with the work that in these days is far more important than the love of two little
    people.

  • [47] Film critic Roger Ebert called Wallis the “key creative force” for his attention to the details of production (down to insisting on a real parrot in the Blue Parrot bar).

  • [71] The film ran into some trouble with Joseph Breen of the Production Code Administration (the Hollywood self-censorship body), who opposed the suggestions that Captain
    Renault extorted sexual favors from visa applicants, and that Rick and Ilsa had slept together.

  • RTÉ inquired about showing the film on TV – it still required a dialogue cut to Ilsa expressing her love for Rick.

  • [54] The first writers assigned to the script were twins Julius and Philip Epstein[55] who, against the wishes of Warner Bros., left at Frank Capra’s request early in 1942
    to work on the Why We Fight series in Washington, D.C.[56][57] While they were gone, the other credited writer, Howard Koch, was assigned; he produced thirty to forty pages.

  • Filmed and set during World War II, it focuses on an American expatriate (Bogart) who must choose between his love for a woman (Bergman) or helping her and her husband (Henreid),
    a Czech resistance leader, escape from the Vichy-controlled city of Casablanca to continue his fight against the Germans.

  • [16] The cast is notably international: only three of the credited actors were born in the United States (Bogart, Dooley Wilson, and Joy Page).

  • [104] By 1955, the film had brought in $6.8 million, making it the third-most successful of Warners’ wartime movies (behind Shine On, Harvest Moon and This Is the Army).

  • [42] Unusually, the film was shot in sequence, mainly because only the first half of the script was ready when filming began.

  • [108] In later years she said, “I feel about Casablanca that it has a life of its own.

  • Henreid, an Austrian actor who had emigrated in 1935, was reluctant to take the role (it “set [him] as a stiff forever”, according to Pauline Kael[21]), until he was promised
    top billing along with Bogart and Bergman.

  • [74] Also, in the original script, when Sam plays “As Time Goes By”, Rick exclaims, “What the —— are you playing?”

  • [89][90] Release[edit] Although an initial release date was anticipated for early 1943,[91] the film premiered at the Hollywood Theater in New York City on November 26, 1942,
    to capitalize on Operation Torch (the Allied invasion of French North Africa) and the subsequent capture of Casablanca.

  • [24] He was not the first choice for the role; he replaced Leo Mostovoy, who was deemed not funny enough.

  • [30][31][32] When asked in his column “Movie Answer Man”, critic Roger Ebert first replied, “It looks something like him.

  • Even after shooting had been completed, producer Wallis considered dubbing over Wilson’s voice for the songs.

  • It proved too difficult to get Claude Rains for the shoot, and the scene was finally abandoned after David O. Selznick judged “it would be a terrible mistake to change the
    ending”.

  • Even Ilsa, the least active of the main characters, is “caught in the emotional struggle” over which man she really loves.

  • [94] A version with only one scene cut was passed on July 16, 1974.

  • [44] The street used for the exterior shots had recently been built for another film, The Desert Song,[45] and redressed for the Paris flashbacks.

  • [57] When the Epstein brothers returned after about a month, they were reassigned to Casablanca and—contrary to what Koch claimed in two published books—his work was not used.

  • It seems to have filled a need, a need that was there before the film, a need that the film filled.

  • At the last moment, Rick makes Ilsa board the plane to Lisbon with Laszlo, telling her that she would regret it if she stayed, “Maybe not today, maybe not tomorrow, but soon
    and for the rest of your life.”

  • [99] Variety also applauded the performances of Bergman and Henreid and noted, “Bogart, as might be expected, is more at ease as the bitter and cynical operator of a joint
    than as a lover, but handles both assignments with superb finesse.

  • Casey Robinson said Curtiz “knew nothing whatever about story … he saw it in pictures, and you supplied the stories”.

  • A witness to the filming of the “duel of the anthems” sequence said he saw many of the actors crying and “realized that they were all real refugees”.

  • Its reputation has gradually grown, to the point that its lead characters,[9][10] memorable lines,[11][12][13] and pervasive theme song[14][15] have all become iconic, and
    it consistently ranks near the top of lists of the greatest films in history.

  • As they walk away into the fog, Rick says, “Louis, I think this is the beginning of a beautiful friendship.”

  • [76][23] Roger Ebert has commented that in Casablanca “very few shots … are memorable as shots”, as Curtiz wanted images to express the story rather than to stand alone.

  • Wilson was one of the few American-born members of the cast.

  • Bob Strauss wrote in the newspaper that the film achieved a “near-perfect entertainment balance” of comedy, romance, and suspense.

  • Kinskey told Aljean Harmetz, author of Round Up the Usual Suspects: The Making of Casablanca, that he was cast because he was Bogart’s drinking buddy.

  • [57] The Epstein brothers and Koch never worked in the same room at the same time during the writing of the script.

  • They need the letters to escape to America to continue Laszlo’s work; Major Strasser has come to Casablanca to thwart him.

  • [98] The trade paper Variety commended the film’s “combination of fine performances, engrossing story and neat direction” and the “variety of moods, action, suspense, comedy
    and drama that makes Casablanca an A-1 entry at the b.o.

  • It proved so popular that a tradition began in which Casablanca would be screened during the week of final exams at Harvard University, which continues to the present day,
    and other colleges have adopted the tradition.

  • She was the last surviving cast member until her death on May 1, 2016.

  • In 1997, almost 55 years after the film’s premiere, Turner Entertainment in collaboration with Rhino Records issued the film’s first original soundtrack album for release
    on compact disc, including original songs and music, spoken dialogue, and alternate takes.

  • “[52][53] The scene of the singing of “La Marseillaise” in the bar is attributed by the film scholar Julian Jackson as an adaptation of a similar scene from Jean Renoir’s
    film La Grande Illusion five years prior.

  • [33] Production[edit] Bogart in the airport scene The film was based on Murray Burnett and Joan Alison’s unproduced play Everybody Comes to Rick’s.

  • [43] The entire picture was shot in the studio, except for the sequence showing Strasser’s arrival, which was filmed at Van Nuys Airport, and a few short clips of stock footage
    views of Paris.

  • To make Rick’s motivation more believable, Wallis, Curtiz, and the screenwriters decided to set the film before the attack on Pearl Harbor.

  • “[111] In his opinion, the film is popular because “the people in it are all so good” and it is “a wonderful gem”.

  • [68] Two weeks later, Wallis settled on the latter, which Bogart was recalled to dub a month after shooting had finished.

  • The New Yorker rated Casablanca only “pretty tolerable” and said it was “not quite up to Across the Pacific, Bogart’s last spyfest”.

  • [85] The “Deutschlandlied”, the national anthem of Germany, is used several times in minor mode as a leitmotif for the German threat, e.g.

  • By 1977, Casablanca had become the most frequently broadcast film on American television.

  • [105] On April 21, 1957, the Brattle Theater of Cambridge, Massachusetts, showed the film as part of a season of old movies.

  • [81] Soundtrack[edit] The music was written by Max Steiner, who wrote scores for King Kong and Gone with the Wind.

  • [106] The tradition helped the film remain popular while other films that had been famous in the 1940s have faded from popular memory.

  • The website’s consensus reads, “An undisputed masterpiece and perhaps Hollywood’s quintessential statement on love and romance, Casablanca has only improved with age, boasting
    career-d

  • The cuts were made to dialogue between Rick and Ilsa referring to their love affair.

  • It is featured in the final scene, giving way to “La Marseillaise” after Strasser is shot.

  • Crowther noted its “devious convolutions of the plot” and praised the screenplay quality as “of the best” and the cast’s performances as “all of the first order”.

  • However, he added that because of the presence of multiple archetypes that allow “the power of Narrative in its natural state without Art intervening to discipline it”, it
    is a film reaching “Homeric depths” as a “phenomenon worthy of awe”.

  • [69] Despite the many writers, the film has what Ebert describes as a “wonderfully unified and consistent” script.

  • [88] The piano Sam “plays” in Rick’s Café Américain, put up for auction with other film memorabilia by Turner Classic Movies at Bonhams in New York on November 24, 2014, sold
    for $3.4 million.

  • “[109] On the film’s 50th anniversary, the Los Angeles Times called Casablanca’s great strength “the purity of its Golden Age Hollywoodness [and] the enduring craftsmanship
    of its resonantly hokey dialogue”.

  • [48] Later, there were plans for a further scene, showing Rick, Renault and a detachment of Free French soldiers on a ship, to incorporate the Allies’ 1942 invasion of North
    Africa.

 

Works Cited

[‘1. ^ “As Time Goes By” enjoyed a resurgence after the release of Casablanca, spending 21 weeks on the hit parade.1. ^ Ebert, Roger (September 15, 1996). “Great Movies: Casablanca”. RogerEbert.com. Archived from the original on August 11, 2015. Retrieved
August 14, 2015. Bogart, Bergman and Paul Henreid were stars, and no better cast of supporting actors could have been assembled on the Warners lot than Peter Lorre, Sidney Greenstreet, Claude Rains and Dooley Wilson
2. ^ “Casablanca (U)”. Warner
Bros. British Board of Film Classification. December 17, 1942. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved September 20, 2013.
3. ^ Schatz, Thomas (1999). Boom and Bust: American Cinema in the 1940s. University of California Press.
p. 218. ISBN 9780520221307.
4. ^ Jump up to:a b c Warner Bros financial information in “The William Shaefer Ledger”. See Appendix 1, Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television (1995) 15:sup 1, 1–31 p. 23 doi:10.1080/01439689508604551
5. ^
“Casablanca”. Box Office Mojo. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
6. ^ “Top Grossers of the Season”. Variety. January 5, 1944. p. 54. Archived from the original on March 17, 2017.
7. ^ Ebert, Roger (September 15, 1996). “Casablanca (1942)”. Chicago Sun-Times.
Archived from the original on February 28, 2010. Retrieved March 18, 2010.
8. ^ Jump up to:a b Stein, Eliot (May 1995). “Howard Koch, Julius Epstein, Frank Miller Interview”. Vincent’s Casablanca. Archived from the original on April 30, 2008. Retrieved
June 11, 2008. Frank Miller: “There was a scene planned, after the ending, that would have shown Rick and Renault on an Allied ship just prior to the landing at Casablanca, but plans to shoot it were scrapped when the marketing department realized
they had to get the film out fast to capitalize on the liberation of North Africa.”
9. ^ Smith, Briony; Wallace, Andrew. “The demise of dating: Two writers square off on their favourite fictional dating men”. Elle Canada. Archived from the original
on September 27, 2013. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
10. ^ “How Hollywood (Fictionally) Won World War Two”. Empire. August 4, 2011. Archived from the original on October 3, 2013. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
11. ^ Jones, Emma (February 13, 2012).
“Guess the movie quote: How well do you know classic romantic films?: Casablanca”. MSN Entertainment Canada. Archived from the original on April 12, 2013. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
12. ^ Doyle, Dee (June 5, 2008). “Best Movie Lines That Have Stuck
In Pop Culture”. starpulse.com. Archived from the original on January 12, 2013. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
13. ^ “Round up the usual suspects”, for example, has been incorporated in the titles of business Archived November 3, 2012, at the Wayback
Machine, sociology and political science Archived December 12, 2015, at the Wayback Machine articles.
14. ^ Beckerman, Jim. “Clifton’s crazy connection to ‘Casablanca'”. North Jersey. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
15. ^ “Casablanca As Time Goes
By Piano Up For Sale”. Sky News. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
16. ^ Francisco 1980, p. 119
17. ^ “Casablanca: Michael Curtiz’s 1942 film is a classic love story – with excellent hats”. The Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022.
Retrieved August 17, 2017.
18. ^ “From quintessential “good girl” to Hollywood heavyweight”. The Family of Ingrid Bergman. Archived from the original on August 11, 2007. Retrieved August 3, 2007.
19. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Ebert, Roger.
Commentary to Casablanca (Two-Disc Special Edition DVD).
20. ^ Jump up to:a b Harmetz 1992, pp. 88–89, 92, 95
21. ^ Harmetz 1992, p. 99
22. ^ Harmetz 1992, p. 97
23. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Lyttelton, Oliver (November 26, 2012). “5 Things You
Might Not Know About ‘Casablanca’ On Its 70th Anniversary”. IndieWire. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
24. ^ Jump up to:a b Van Gelder, Lawrence (September 12, 1998). “Leonid Kinskey, 95, Bartender in ‘Casablanca'”. The New York Times. Archived from
the original on March 26, 2017.
25. ^ “Last surviving Casablanca actress Madeleine Lebeau dies”. BBC News. BBC. May 15, 2016. Archived from the original on May 15, 2016. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
26. ^ Harmetz 1992, pp. 139–140, 260
27. ^ Behlmer
1985, p. 214
28. ^ Harmetz 1992, p. 213
29. ^ Harmetz 1992, p. 214
30. ^ “Special Contest / Find Jack Benny in “Casablanca””. The Evening Independent. February 4, 1943.
31. ^ Jump up to:a b Ebert, Roger (December 9, 2009). “Movie Answer Man”.
Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved June 28, 2014. RogerEbert.com
32. ^ Harmetz 1992, p. 274 (figure)
33. ^ Ebert, Roger (December 23, 2009). “Movie Answer Man”. Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original
on July 9, 2014. Retrieved June 28, 2014. RogerEbert.com
34. ^ Behlmer 1985, p. 194
35. ^ Harmetz 1992, p. 17
36. ^ Harmetz 1992, p. 19
37. ^ Francisco 1980, p. 33
38. ^ Harmetz 1992, p. 30
39. ^ Mitchell, Elvis (March 1, 2002). “Before
‘Casablanca,’ There Was ‘Pépé'”. The New York Times.
40. ^ Francisco 1980, p. 136
41. ^ Jump up to:a b c Robertson, James C. (1993). The Casablanca Man: The Cinema of Michael Curtiz. London: Routledge. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-415-06804-8.
42. ^
Behlmer 1985, p. 208
43. ^ Francisco 1980, pp. 141–142
44. ^ Francisco 1980, p. 139
45. ^ Behlmer 1985, pp. 214–215
46. ^ Casablanca – You Must Remember This … A Tribute to Casablanca (Blu-ray Disc). Warner Home Video. February 2, 2010.
Event occurs at 21:09.
47. ^ Harmetz 1992, p. 237
48. ^ Harmetz 1992, p. 170
49. ^ Harmetz 1992, pp. 280–281
50. ^ Harmetz 1992, pp. 53–54
51. ^ Casablanca – You Must Remember This … A Tribute to Casablanca (Blu-ray Disc). Warner Home
Video. February 2, 2010. Event occurs at 4:36.
52. ^ Fairclough, Paul (June 2, 2011). “Africa’s rich cinema heritage”. The Guardian. Archived from the original on February 21, 2017. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
53. ^ “The Bar at Cinema Vox in
Tangier – Casablanca Film”. The bar at Cinema Vox in Tangier. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
54. ^ Julian Jackson. La Grande Illusion. BFI film series. 2009. p. 85.
55. ^ Chandler, Adam (August 22, 2013). “The Brothers Who Co-Wrote ‘Casablanca’:
Writers Julius and Philip Epstein are also forebears of baseball’s Theo Epstein”. Tablet.
56. ^ “Prepared Statement of Julius Epstein, Screenwriter and Member, Writers Guild of America, West”. United States House Committee on the Judiciary. Archived
from the original on December 18, 2012. Retrieved December 29, 2012. He [Capra] asked Phil and me and a half dozen other screenwriters to join him in an effort our government considered very important—to write a series of films to be called Why We
Fight.
57. ^ Jump up to:a b c McGilligan 1986, pp. 185
58. ^ Behlmer 1985, p. 209
59. ^ Francisco 1980, p. 121
60. ^ Behlmer 1985, pp. 206–207
61. ^ Harmetz 1992, p. 229
62. ^ Epstein 1994, pp. 32–35
63. ^ Merlock, Ray (Winter 2000).
“Casablanca: Popular Film of the Century”. Journal of Popular Film & Television. 27 (4): 2. doi:10.1080/01956050009602809. S2CID 191601721.
64. ^ Harmetz 1992, pp. 175, 179
65. ^ Harmetz 1992, pp. 56–59
66. ^ Francisco 1980, pp. 154–155
67. ^
Jump up to:a b Casablanca – You Must Remember This … A Tribute to Casablanca (Blu-ray Disc). Warner Home Video. February 2, 2010. Event occurs at 29:57.
68. ^ Behlmer 1985, p. 215
69. ^ Harmetz 1992, p. 187
70. ^ Sorel, Edward (December 1991).
“Casablanca”. American Heritage. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved November 15, 2011.
71. ^ “Casablanca writer dies”. BBC News. January 2, 2001. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved March 18, 2010.
72. ^
“Censored Films and Television at University of Virginia online”. lib.virginia.edu. Archived from the original on October 3, 2011. Retrieved December 3, 2011.
73. ^ Harmetz 1992, pp. 162–163
74. ^ Gardner 1988, pp. 2–4
75. ^ Gardner 1988, p.
4
76. ^ Jump up to:a b Harmetz 1992, p. 75
77. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Quoted in Ebert commentary.
78. ^ Sarris, Andrew (1968). The American Cinema: Directors and Directions 1929–1968 (New York: Dutton), p. 176.
79. ^ Rosenzweig 1982, pp. 158–159
80. ^
Harmetz 1992, p. 264
81. ^ Rosenzweig 1982, pp. 6–7
82. ^ Harmetz 1992, pp. 253–258
83. ^ Lebo 1992, p. 182
84. ^ “Who Played It Again, Sam? The Three Pianists of ‘Casablanca'”. AFM. Retrieved October 1, 2017.
85. ^ Harmetz 1992, p. 169
86. ^
Harmetz 1992, p. 257
87. ^ Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Casablanca. 1997; Rhino Records, R2 72911, liner notes, pp. 14–15.
88. ^ “Casablanca piano sold at auction”. BBC News. December 14, 2012. Archived from the original on December 15,
2012. Retrieved December 15, 2012.
89. ^ “TCM Presents … There’s No Place Like Hollywood”. Bonhams. Archived from the original on September 11, 2014. Retrieved September 10, 2014.
90. ^ Barron, James (November 24, 2014). “‘Casablanca’ Piano
Sells for $3.4 Million at Bonhams”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014.
91. ^ Francisco 1980, p. 184
92. ^ Francisco 1980, pp. 188–189
93. ^ Harmetz 1992, p. 286
94. ^ “Irish Film Censors’ Records: Casablanca”.
Trinity College Dublin. Retrieved July 20, 2021.
95. ^ Reilly, Jerome (November 14, 2004). “The mystery of the ‘Casablanca’ dialogue cut by the film censor”. Sunday Independent. Dublin.
96. ^ Ross, Isabelle. “What’s ‘Casablanca’ Without Nazis?
After WWII, German Audiences Found Out”. All Things Considered. National Public Radio.
97. ^ Stanley, John (April 5, 1992). “‘Casablanca’ Celebrates Its 50th”. San Francisco Chronicle.
98. ^ Crowther, Bosley (November 27, 1942). “‘Casablanca’,
with Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman, at Hollywood”. The New York Times. p. 27. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
99. ^ Jump up to:a b c “Variety 100 Reviews: Casablanca”. Variety. December 1, 1942. Archived from the original on October 24, 2011. Retrieved
January 1, 2009.
100. ^ Harmetz 1992, pp. 12–13
101. ^ Jump up to:a b c Francisco 1980, p. 192
102. ^ Harmetz 1992, p. 12
103. ^ Thomas, Bob (August 3, 1992). “Treasure trove: Recycling movie classics financial success for film studio”. The
Paducah Sun. p. 58. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
104. ^ Interviewed in Casablanca 50th Anniversary Special: You Must Remember This Archived December 21, 2005, at the Wayback Machine (Turner: 1992)
105. ^ Harmetz 1992, p. 283
106. ^
Harmetz 1992, p. 343
107. ^ Harmetz 1992, p. 346
108. ^ Chandler, Charlotte (2007). Ingrid: Ingrid Bergman, A Personal Biography. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 19, 21, 294. ISBN 978-0-7432-9421-8.
109. ^ Chandler 2007, p. 88
110. ^ Strauss,
Bob (April 10, 1992). “Still the best: Casablanca loses no luster over time”. Los Angeles Times.
111. ^ Ebert, Roger (April 5, 1992). “As time goes by, it’s the still the same old glorious ‘Casablanca'”. Roger Ebert.com. Retrieved April 10, 2022.
112. ^
“‘Casablanca’ to be shown on the big screen in Oklahoma City”. NewsOK. March 9, 2012. Archived from the original on September 22, 2015. Retrieved January 10, 2015.
113. ^ Dent, Alec (November 26, 2017). “We’ll Always Have Casablanca”. The Washington
Free Beacon. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
114. ^ Kael, Pauline. “Casablanca”. geocities.com. Archived from the original on October 26, 2009. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
115. ^ Eco, Umberto (1985). Blonsky, Marshal (ed.). Casablanca, or the Clichés
are Having a Ball. On Signs. JHU Press. pp. 35–38. ISBN 978-0-8018-3007-5. Archived from the original on May 2, 2016.
116. ^ “Casablanca”. Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved May 2, 2022.
117. ^ “Casablanca”. Metacritic. Red Ventures.
Retrieved May 7, 2020.
118. ^ “The Best Movies of All Time”. Metacritic. Red Ventures. Retrieved May 2, 2022.
119. ^ “The Most Outrageous Experiment Ever Conducted in the Movie Industry. Do Those Working in the Movies Know the Difference Between
John Ford and Henry Ford? Should They? | TVWeek”. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
120. ^ Ross, Chuck. “The Great Script Tease”. Film Comment. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
121. ^ “TOPICS; WEATHER EYES; Play It Again”. The New York Times. December
5, 1982. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
122. ^ Harmetz 1992, pp. 302–303 and Rosenzweig 1982, p. 101
123. ^ Harmetz 1992, p. 306 and Rosenzweig 1982, pp. 98–101
124. ^ Larsen, Ernest (2005). “The Usual Suspects”. British Film Institute.
125. ^
Harmetz 1992, p. 347
126. ^ Casablanca – You Must Remember This … A Tribute to Casablanca (Blu-ray Disc). Warner Home Video. February 2, 2010. Event occurs at 31:56.
127. ^ Ebert, Roger (May 3, 1996). “Barb Wire”. RogerEbert.com. Archived from
the original on June 16, 2015. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
128. ^ Dirda, Michael (January 7, 2007). “For the first time in English, the Argentine labyrinths of Edgar Brau”. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 10, 2012.
129. ^
Orr, Christopher (December 9, 2016). “The Novelty and Nostalgia of La La Land”. The Atlantic. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
130. ^ Coggan, Devan. “Allied: How Brad Pitt, Marion Cotillard film recreated glamour of 1942 Casablanca”. Entertainment Weekly.
Retrieved July 3, 2017.
131. ^ Vourlias, Christopher (September 14, 2017). “Toronto: Director Nabil Ayouch’s ‘Razzia’ Is a Response to Intolerance”. Variety. Retrieved September 16, 2017.
132. ^ Francisco 1980, p. 195
133. ^ Jump up to:a
b Haver, Ronald. “Casablanca: The Unexpected Classic”. The Criterion Collection Online Cinematheque. Archived from the original on June 29, 2009. Retrieved January 8, 2010.
134. ^ Harmetz 1992, pp. 321–324
135. ^ Molotsky, Irvin (September 20,
1989). “25 Films Chosen for the National Registry”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved April 1, 2017.
136. ^ “Complete National Film Registry Listing”. Library of Congress. Retrieved May 28, 2020.
137. ^
Corliss, Richard (June 2, 2005). “That Old Feeling: Secrets of the All-Time 100”. Time. Archived from the original on August 11, 2010. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
138. ^ Tunc, Tanfer Emin (February 1, 2007). “Casablanca: The Romance of Propaganda”.
Retrieved December 18, 2020.
139. ^ Braund, Simon; et al. “Empire’s 100 Greatest Movies Of All Time”. Empire. Retrieved November 16, 2013.
140. ^ “101 Greatest Screenplays”. Writers Guild of America, West. Archived from the original on August
13, 2006. Retrieved August 3, 2007.
141. ^ “AFI’s 100 Years…100 Movie Quotes – List of the 400 nominated movie quotes” (PDF). American Film Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
142. ^ Pontuso,
James F. (2005). “Casablanca and the Paradoxical Truth of Stereotyping”. Political Philosophy Comes to Rick’s: Casablanca and American Civic Culture. Lexington Books. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-7391-1113-0. Archived from the original on May 16, 2016.
143. ^
Raleigh, Henry P. (April 2003). “Archetypes: What You Need to Know About Them”. Art Times. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011.
144. ^ Morrow, Lance (December 27, 1982). “We’ll Always Have Casablanca”. Time. Archived from the original on
June 4, 2011.
145. ^ Clayton, Jay; Rothstein, Eric (1991). Influence and Intertextuality in Literary History. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-299-13034-3. Archived from the original on April 29, 2016.
146. ^ Umberto Eco, Travels
in Hyperreality (1986)
147. ^ Eco, Umberto. “Casablanca, or, The Clichés are Having a Ball”. Archived from the original on March 8, 2009. Retrieved May 20, 2009.
148. ^ Eco, Umberto (1994). Signs of Life in the USA: Readings on Popular Culture
for Writers (Sonia Maasik and Jack Solomon, eds.) Bedford Books.
149. ^ Gabbard, Krin; Gabbard, Glen O. (1990). “Play It Again, Sigmund: Psychoanalysis and the Classical Hollywood Text”. Journal of Popular Film and Television. 18 (1): 6–17. doi:10.1080/01956051.1990.9943650.
150. ^
Koch 1973, p. 166
151. ^ Greenberg, Harvey (1975). The Movies on Your Mind New York: Saturday Review Press, p. 88 quoted in Rosenzweig 1982, p. 79 and Harmetz, p. 348
152. ^ Rosenzweig 1982, p. 81
153. ^ Pratt, Douglas. The Laser Video Disc
Companion Expanded Edition.
154. ^ “Casablanca: Two-Disc Special Edition”. Amazon.
155. ^ “Casablanca [HD-DVD] (1943)”. Amazon.
156. ^ “Casablanca – Humphrey Bogart”. Archived from the original on September 17, 2008.
157. ^ “WHV Press Release:
Casablanca Ultimate Collector’s Edition (DVD/Blu-ray) – Home Theater”. Archived from the original on December 11, 2010.
158. ^ “Casablanca (70th Anniversary Limited Collector’s Edition Blu-ray/DVD Combo)”. Amazon. Retrieved April 25, 2012.
159. ^
Katz, Josh (April 25, 2012). “Casablanca: 70th Anniversary Ultimate Collector’s Edition Blu-ray (Updated)”. blu-ray.com. Archived from the original on April 22, 2012. Retrieved April 25, 2012.
160. ^ Francisco 1980, p. 204
161. ^ “Casablanca
has scored such a hit…” The Midland Journal. Rising Sun, Md. February 19, 1943. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
162. ^ Jump up to:a b c Harmetz 1992, p. 342
163. ^ Yoram Allon, Hannah Patterson, Contemporary British & Irish Directors, Wallflower
Press, 2001, p. 332
164. ^ Hunter, Stephen (December 14, 1990). “We’ll always have ‘Casablanca’ – so why see ‘Havana’?”. The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on January 11, 2012.
165. ^ Claire, Marie (March 31, 2008). “Madonna to
create Casablanca remake?”. Marie Claire. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
166. ^ “Casablanca: playing it again as film sequel planned”. The Daily Telegraph. November 30, 2012. Archived from the original on October 12, 2014. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
167. ^
Stillman, Josh (November 5, 2012). “Producer pushing for ‘Casablanca’ sequel”. Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on October 12, 2014. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
168. ^ Klinger, Barbara (2015). “Pre-cult: Casablanca, radio adaptation,
and transmedia in the 1940s”. New Review of Film and Television Studies. 13: 45–62. doi:10.1080/17400309.2014.982900. S2CID 191655019.
169. ^ Harmetz 1992, pp. 339–340
170. ^ “Borders.com presents Michael Walsh, Author of ‘As Time Goes By'”.
LiveWorld, Inc. January 8, 1999. Archived from the original on October 28, 2002. Retrieved August 13, 2007.
171. ^ Walsh, Michael (1998). “How Did I Write ‘As Time Goes By’?”. Hachette Book Group USA. Archived from the original on November 24,
2007. Retrieved August 13, 2007.
172. ^ Lawless, Jill (May 31, 2006). “‘Mrs. Robinson’ Returns in Sequel”. CBS News. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Retrieved August 13, 2007.
173. ^ “Suspects by David Thomson”. No Exit Press.
Retrieved June 17, 2017.
174. ^ Harmetz 1992, p. 338
175. ^ Harmetz 1992, p. 331
176. ^ “『カサブランカ』”. Takarazuka Revue Company. Archived from the original on September 25, 2009. Retrieved October 3, 2009.
177. ^ Webster, Andy (April 10, 2017).
“Review: ‘CasablancaBox’ Is Looking at You, Kid, Behind the Scenes”. The New York Times. Retrieved November 28, 2021.
178. ^ Krauthammer, Charles (January 12, 1987). “Casablanca in Color?”. Time. Archived from the original on November 6, 2007.
Retrieved August 6, 2007.
179. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Edgerton, Gary R. (Winter 2000). “‘The Germans Wore Gray, You Wore Blue’: Frank Capra, Casablanca, and the Colorization Controversy of the 1980s”. Journal of Popular Film & Television. 27 (4):
24. doi:10.1080/01956050009602812. S2CID 159900256.
180. ^ Harmetz 1992, p. 74
181. ^ Sklar, Robert (1992). City Boys: Cagney, Bogart, Garfield. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-691-04795-9.
182. ^ “101 Greatest Screenplays”.
Writers Guild of America, West. Retrieved September 23, 2017.
183. ^ Harmetz 1992, p. 55
184. ^ Shapiro, Fred R. (January 15, 2010). “Movie Misquotations”. The New York Times Magazine. Archived from the original on December 17, 2015.
185. ^
Child, Ben (May 11, 2009). “Darth Vader line is the daddy of film misquotes, finds poll”. guardian.co.uk. Archived from the original on November 15, 2016.

Photo credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/auduhomes/13648603305/’]