drawing

 

  • At this point, drawing was commonly used as a tool for thought and investigation, acting as a study medium whilst artists were preparing for their final pieces of work.

  • [29] Drawings in dry media often use similar techniques, though pencils and drawing sticks can achieve continuous variations in tone.

  • In fields outside art, technical drawings or plans of buildings, machinery, circuitry and other things are often called “drawings” even when they have been transferred to
    another medium by printing.

  • [3] Traditional drawings were monochrome, or at least had little colour,[4] while modern colored-pencil drawings may approach or cross a boundary between drawing and painting.

  • [1] The wide availability of drawing instruments makes drawing one of the most common artistic activities.

  • Similar supports likewise can serve both: painting generally involves the application of liquid paint onto prepared canvas or panels, but sometimes an underdrawing is drawn
    first on that same support.

  • [16] Photography offered an alternative to drawing as a method for accurately representing visual phenomena, and traditional drawing practice was given less emphasis as an
    essential skill for artists, particularly so in Western society.

  • In addition to the choice of paper, drawing material and technique affect texture.

  • In Western terminology, drawing is distinct from painting, even though similar media often are employed in both tasks.

  • [33] A visually accurate drawing is described as being “recognized as a particular object at a particular time and in a particular space, rendered with little addition of
    visual detail that can not be seen in the object represented or with little deletion of visual detail”.

  • One study posited four key abilities in the drawing process: motor skills required for mark-making, the drawer’s own perception of their drawing, perception of objects being
    drawn, and the ability to make good representational decisions.

  • [5] It is believed that drawing was used as a specialised form of communication before the invention of the written language,[5][6] demonstrated by the production of cave
    and rock paintings around 30,000 years ago (Art of the Upper Paleolithic).

  • Variation of proportion with age When attempting to draw a complicated shape such as a human figure, it is helpful at first to represent the form with a set of primitive volumes.

  • Studies can be used to determine the appearances of specific parts of the completed image, or for experimenting with the best approach for accomplishing the end goal.

  • An artist drawing a figure from worm’s-eye perspective Depth can also be portrayed by several techniques in addition to the perspective approach above.

  • There are also many drawing methods, such as line drawing, stippling, shading, the surrealist method of entopic graphomania (in which dots are made at the sites of impurities
    in a blank sheet of paper, and lines are then made between the dots), and tracing (drawing on a translucent paper, such as tracing paper, around the outline of preexisting shapes that show through the paper).

  • A finger placed at a point along the drawing implement can be used to compare that dimension with other parts of the image.

  • A similar effect can be achieved by drawing different tones close together.

  • Drawing has also been used extensively in the field of science, as a method of discovery, understanding and explanation.

  • Form and proportion Measuring the dimensions of a subject while blocking in the drawing is an important step in producing a realistic rendition of the subject.

  • Bristol board and even heavier acid-free boards, frequently with smooth finishes, are used for drawing fine detail and do not distort when wet media (ink, washes) are applied.

  • Depth can also be portrayed by reducing the contrast in more distant objects, and by making their colors less saturated.

  • [15] The invention of the first widely available form of photography led to a shift in the hierarchy of the arts.

  • The illumination of the subject is also a key element in creating an artistic piece, and the interplay of light and shadow is a valuable method in the artist’s toolbox.

  • [22] Basquiat’s drawings were produced in many different mediums, most commonly ink, pencil, felt-tip or marker, and oil-stick, and he drew on any surface that came to hand,
    such as doors, clothing, refrigerators, walls and baseball helmets.

  • It is generally concerned with the marking of lines and areas of tone onto paper/other material, where the accurate representation of the visual world is expressed upon a
    plane surface.

  • In addition to its more artistic forms, drawing is frequently used in commercial illustration, animation, architecture, engineering, and technical drawing.

  • Typically a drawing is filled in based on which hand the artist favors.

  • The placement of the light sources can make a considerable difference in the type of message that is being presented.

  • However a well-crafted study can be a piece of art in its own right, and many hours of careful work can go into completing a study.

  • In a sketch or outline drawing, lines drawn often follow the contour of the subject, creating depth by looking like shadows cast from a light in the artist’s position.

  • A drawing instrument releases a small amount of material onto a surface, leaving a visible mark.

  • Using a brush for drawing is very widespread and here it is more the process of using lines and hatching, that characterises something as a drawing.

  • Another form of measurement is to compare the relative sizes of different parts of the subject with each other.

  • They may try different drawing implements on practice sheets to determine value and texture, and how to apply the implement to produce various effects.

  • An artist who practices or works in technical drawing may be called a drafter, draftsman, or draughtsman.

  • [34] Perception It has been suggested that an individual’s ability to perceive an object they are drawing is the most important stage in the drawing process.

  • An easel or slanted table is used to keep the drawing surface in a suitable position, which is generally more horizontal than the position used in painting.

  • The most common support for drawing is paper, although other materials, such as cardboard, vellum, wood, plastic, leather, canvas, and board, have been used.

  • Drawing is a visual art that uses an instrument to mark paper or another two-dimensional surface.

  • The artist is also familiar with how the proportions vary depending on the age of the subject, particularly when drawing a portrait.

  • Different textures can be achieved depending on the method used to build tone.

  • [9] As artistic expression [edit] Drawing is one of the easiest ways to visualise ideas and to express one’s creativity; therefore it has been prominent in the world of art.

  • [8] The sketches and paintings produced by Neolithic times were eventually stylised and simplified in to symbol systems (proto-writing) and eventually into early writing systems.

  • [2] Overview Drawing is one of the oldest forms of human expression within the visual arts.

  • History In communication [edit] Drawing is one of the oldest forms of human expression, with evidence for its existence preceding that of written communication.

  • [17][18] Old Master Drawings often reflect the history of the country in which they were produced, and the fundamental characteristics of a nation at that time.

  • Smooth paper is good for rendering fine detail, but a more “toothy” paper holds the drawing material better.

  • Paper comes in a variety of different sizes and qualities, ranging from newspaper grade up to high quality and relatively expensive paper sold as individual sheets.

  • Drawing process in the Academic Study of a Male Torso by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (1801, National Museum, Warsaw) Motor control Motor control is an important physical
    component in the ‘Production Phase’ of the drawing process.

 

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Riley, H; Rankin, Q; Brunswick, N (2010). “Art Students Who Cannot Draw: Exploring the Relations Between Drawing Ability, Visual Memory, Accuracy of Copying, and Dyslexia” (PDF). University College London. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and
the Arts, vol. 4, no. 1, 18 –30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2014-03-11.
4. ^ See grisaille and chiaroscuro
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Photo credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/flynn_nrg/7376471712/’]