dubai

 

  • [50] Oil era[edit] View of Business Bay After years of exploration following large finds in neighbouring Abu Dhabi, oil was eventually discovered in territorial waters off
    Dubai in 1966, albeit in far smaller quantities.

  • [46] In 1962 the British Political Agent noted that “Many new houses and blocks of offices and flats are being built… the Ruler is determined, against advice [from the British
    authorities] to press on with the construction of a jet airport… More and more European and Arab firms are opening up and the future looks bright.

  • Later in the 1990s, many foreign trading communities—first from Kuwait, during the Gulf War, and later from Bahrain, during the Shia unrest—moved their businesses to Dubai.

  • [59] Modern Dubai[edit] Dubai Palm Jumeirah and Marina in 2011 During the 1970s, Dubai continued to grow from revenues generated from oil and trade, even as the city saw an
    influx of immigrants fleeing the Lebanese civil war.

  • “[44] In 1962, with expenditure on infrastructure projects already approaching levels some thought imprudent, Sheikh Rashid approached his brother in law, the Ruler of Qatar,
    for a loan to build the first bridge crossing Dubai’s creek.

  • The nine-state union was never to recover from the October 1969 meeting where British intervention against aggressive activities by two of the Emirates resulted in a walk-out
    by them, Bahrain and Qatar.

  • [14] Critically, one of the first major projects Sheikh Rashid embarked upon when oil revenue started to flow was the construction of Port Rashid, a deep water free port constructed
    by British company Halcrow.

  • Harris imagined a Dubai that would rise from the historic centre on Dubai Creek, with an extensive road system, organised zones, and a town centre, all of which could feasibly
    be built with the limited financial resources at the time.

  • The town of Dubai was an important port of call for foreign tradesmen, chiefly those from Iran, many of whom eventually settled in the town.

  • The port was not initially a success, so Sheikh Mohammed established the JAFZA (Jebel Ali Free Zone) around the port in 1985 to provide foreign companies unrestricted import
    of labour and export capital.

  • Pre-oil Dubai[edit] Dubai’s geographical proximity to Iran made it an important trade location.

  • Dubai also – like its neighbours on the Trucial Coast – entered into an exclusivity agreement in which the United Kingdom took responsibility for the emirate’s security in
    1892.

  • However, due to World War II, oil would not be struck until 1966.

  • [105] As per Gulf News, Dubai Police stated that the crime in Dubai was reduced by fifteen percent during 2017.

  • However, by the time the asphalt runway of Dubai Airport was constructed in 1965, opening Dubai to both regional and long haul traffic, a number of foreign airlines were competing
    for landing rights.

  • [47] The construction of Dubai’s first airport was started on the Northern edge of the town in 1959 and the terminal building opened for business in September 1960.

  • [56] The two agreed to work towards bringing the other emirates, including Qatar and Bahrain, into the union.

  • Large increases in oil prices after the Gulf War encouraged Dubai to continue to focus on free trade and tourism.

  • An indicator of the growing importance of the port of Dubai can be gained from the movements of the steamer of the Bombay and Persia Steam Navigation Company, which from 1899
    to 1901 paid five visits annually to Dubai.

  • The Gulf War in early 1991 had a negative financial effect on the city, as depositors withdrew their money and traders withdrew their trade, but subsequently, the city recovered
    in a changing political climate and thrived.

  • [23] History The history of human settlement in the area now defined by the United Arab Emirates is rich and complex, and points to extensive trading links between the civilisations
    of the Indus Valley and Mesopotamia, but also as far afield as the Levant.

  • [96] Freedom of speech in Dubai is limited, with both residents and citizens facing severe sanctions from the government for speaking out against the royal family or local
    laws and culture.

  • Dubai is the second most expensive city in the region and 20th most expensive city in the world.

  • This gold was, in the vast majority, re-exported – mainly to customers who took delivery in international waters off India.

  • [26] The area was covered with sand about 5,000 years ago as the coast retreated inland, becoming part of the city’s present coastline.

  • [46] On 7 April 1961, the Dubai-based MV Dara, a five thousand ton British flagged vessel that plied the route between Basra (Iraq), Kuwait and Bombay (India), was caught
    in unusually high winds off Dubai.

  • [20] Country: United Arab Emirates; Emirate: Dubai; Founded by: Obeid bin Said & Maktoum bin Butti Al Maktoum; Subdivisions: Towns & villages; Government: Type: Absolute monarchy,
    Director General of Dubai Municipality: Dawoud Al Hajri; Area: Total: 1,610 km2 (620 sq mi); Population (2023)[5]: Total: 3,564,931; Density: 2,200/km2 (5,700/sq mi); Demonym: Dubaian; Time zone: UTC+04:00 (UAE Standard Time); Nominal GDP:
    2021 estimate: Total: US$ 177.01 billion[6] Etymology Many theories have been proposed as to the origin of the word “Dubai”.

  • These losses came at a time when the tribes of the interior were also experiencing poverty.

  • A vast sea of sand dunes covers much of southern Dubai and eventually leads into the desert known as The Empty Quarter.

  • A centre for regional and international trade since the early 20th century, Dubai’s economy relies on revenues from trade, tourism, aviation, real estate, and financial services.

  • However, the topography of Dubai is significantly different from that of the southern portion of the UAE in that much of Dubai’s landscape is highlighted by sandy desert patterns,
    while gravel deserts dominate much of the southern region of the country.

  • Estimates at the time put the volume of gold imports from Dubai to India at around 75% of the total market.

  • The import of gold to India had been banned and so the trade was characterised as smuggling, although Dubai’s merchants were quick to point out that they were making legal
    deliveries of gold and that it was up to the customer where they took it.

  • [30] Dubai signed the General Maritime Treaty of 1820 with the British government along with other Trucial States, following the British campaign in 1819 against the Ras Al
    Khaimah.

  • [43] In 1970 a new airport terminal building was constructed which included Dubai’s first duty-free shops.

  • [62] Dubai airport and the aviation industry also continued to grow.

  • [75] It has since then evolved into an autonomous subnational authority, collectively known as the Government of Dubai which is responsible for both the city of Dubai and
    the greater emirate.

  • [38] The “great storm” of 1908 struck the pearling boats of Dubai and the coastal emirates towards the end of the pearling season that year, resulting in the loss of a dozen
    boats and over 100 men.

  • The decision was to pitch the coastal emirates, together with Qatar and Bahrain, into fevered negotiations to fill the political vacuum that the British withdrawal would leave
    behind.

  • [7][8][9] Established in the 18th century as a small fishing village, the city grew rapidly in the early 21st century with a focus on tourism and luxury,[10] having the second
    most five-star hotels in the world,[11] and the tallest building in the world, the Burj Khalifa, which is 828 metres (2,717 ft) tall.

  • [84] Human rights[edit] Main article: Human rights in Dubai Latifa, daughter of Dubai’s ruler, escaped Dubai in February 2018 but was captured in the Indian Ocean.

  • [119] As of 2013, only about 15% of the population of the emirate was made up of UAE nationals,[120] with the rest comprising expatriates, many of whom either have been in
    the country for generations or were born in the UAE.

  • This led to an acceleration of Sheikh Rashid’s infrastructure development plans and a construction boom that brought a massive influx of foreign workers, mainly Asians and
    Middle easterners.

  • [99] On 3 September 2020, The Guardian reported that hundreds of thousands of migrant workers lost their jobs and were left stranded in Dubai, due to oil price crash and COVID-19.

  • [33] In 1896, fire broke out in Dubai, a disastrous occurrence in a town where many family homes were still constructed from barasti – palm fronds.

  • Lorimer notes the transfer from Lingeh “bids fair to become complete and permanent”,[35] and also that the town had by 1906 supplanted Lingeh as the chief entrepôt of the
    Trucial States.

  • With the collapse of the pearling industry, Dubai fell into a deep depression and many residents lived in poverty or migrated to other parts of the Persian Gulf.

  • [38] By the 1920s many Iranians settled in Dubai permanently, moving across the Persian Gulf.

  • [107] Demographics Ethnicity and languages[edit] See also: Emirati people and Expatriates in the United Arab Emirates As of September 2019, the population is 3,331,420 – an
    annual increase of 177,020 people which represents a growth rate of 5.64%.

  • “[22] According to Fedel Handhal, a scholar on the UAE’s history and culture, the word Dubai may have come from the word daba (Arabic:) (a past tense derivative of yadub (Arabic:),
    which means “to creep”), referring to the slow flow of Dubai Creek inland.

  • [54] Reaching the UAE’s Act of Union[edit] Adi Bitar in a meeting with Sheiks Rashid Al Maktoum, Mohammad Al Maktoum and Maktoum Al Maktoum in Dubai, 1968 Dubai and the other
    “Trucial States” had long been a British protectorate where the British government took care of foreign policy and defence, as well as arbitrating between the rulers of the Eastern Gulf, the result of a treaty signed in 1892 named the “Exclusive
    Agreement”.

  • [29] Establishment of modern Dubai[edit] Al Fahidi fort in the 1950s Dubai is thought to have been established as a fishing village in the early 18th century[30] and was,
    by 1822, a town of some 700–800 members of the Bani Yas tribe and subject to the rule of Sheikh Tahnun bin Shakhbut of Abu Dhabi.

  • [14] Oil revenue helped accelerate the development of the city, which was already a major mercantile hub.

  • [34] A watchtower in Bur Dubai, c. 19th century In 1901, Maktoum bin Hasher Al Maktoum established Dubai as a free port with no taxation on imports or exports and also gave
    merchants parcels of land and guarantees of protection and tolerance.

  • The port was inaugurated on 5 October 1972, although its berths were each pressed into use as soon as they had been built.

  • [83] As in other parts of the world, drinking and driving is illegal, with 21 being the legal drinking age in the Emirate of Dubai.

  • [14] Port Rashid was the first of a swath of projects designed to create a modern trading infrastructure, including roads, bridges, schools and hospitals.

  • [64] Geography Dubai is situated on the Persian Gulf coast of the United Arab Emirates and is roughly at sea level (16 m or 52 ft above).

  • [45] 1959 saw the establishment of Dubai’s first telephone company, 51% owned by IAL (International Aeradio Ltd) and 49% by Sheikh Rashid and local businessmen and in 1961
    both the electricity company and telephone company had rolled out operational networks.

  • [citation needed] Dubai lies directly within the Arabian Desert.

  • [31] In 1822, a British naval surveyor noted that Dubai was at that time populated with a thousand people living in an oval-shaped town surrounded by a mud wall, scattered
    with goats and camels.

  • [86][87][88] Some of the 250,000 foreign labourers in the city have been alleged to live in conditions described by Human Rights Watch as “less than humane”.

  • [32]: 36–37  In the early days since its inception, Dubai was constantly at odds with Abu Dhabi.

  • Dubai has no natural river bodies or oases; however, Dubai does have a natural inlet, Dubai Creek, which has been dredged to make it deep enough for large vessels to pass
    through.

  • These policies saw a movement of merchants not only directly from Lingeh,[35] but also those who had settled in Ras Al Khaimah and Sharjah (which had historical links with
    Lingeh through the Al Qawasim tribe) to Dubai.

  • [43] BOAC was originally reluctant to start regular flights between Bombay and Dubai, fearing a lack of demand for seats.

  • [97] Some of the labourers lured by the higher pay available in Dubai are victims of human trafficking or forced labour while some women are even forced into the growing sex
    trade in Dubai, a centre of human trafficking and prostitution.

  • [89][90][91][92] The mistreatment of foreign workers was a subject of the difficult-to-make documentary, Slaves in Dubai (2009).

  • The filmmaker explained in interviews how it was necessary to go undercover to avoid discovery by the authorities, who impose high fines on reporters attempting to document
    human rights abuses, including the conditions of construction workers.

  • [12] In the eastern Arabian Peninsula on the coast of the Persian Gulf,[13] it is also a major global transport hub for passengers and cargo.

  • Towards the end of March 2006, the government had announced steps to allow construction unions.

  • [37] The frequency of these vessels only helped to accelerate Dubai’s role as an emerging port and trading hub of preference.

  • Oil revenue, flowing from 1969 onwards supported a period of growth with Sheikh Rashid embarking on a policy of building infrastructure and a diversified trading economy before
    the emirate’s limited reserves were depleted.

  • Although no legislative assembly exists, the traditional open majlis (council) where citizens and representatives of the Ruler meet are often used for feedback on certain
    domestic issues.

 

Works Cited

[‘o “Population Bulletin” (PDF). Dubai Statistics Center, Government of Dubai. 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 April 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
o ^ “Area of Dubai”. Imgur. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
o ^ “City of Dubai”. Google Maps.
Retrieved 10 June 2022.
o ^ “Area of Dubai”. Google Maps Area Calculator Tool. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
o ^ “DSC Home”. Dsc.gov.ae. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
o ^ “Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the Emirate of Dubai 2006–2008”. Dubai Statistics
Centre. Archived from the original on 20 May 2010. Retrieved 5 May 2010.
o ^ “United Arab Emirates: metropolitan areas”. World-gazetteer.com. Archived from the original on 1 October 2007. Retrieved 31 July 2009.
o ^ The Government and Politics
of the Middle East and North Africa. D Long, B Reich. p.157
o ^ “Federal Supreme Council”. uaecabinet.ae. Archived from the original on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
o ^ Jump up to:a b “Dubai Remains One Of The World’s Most Visited Cities:
Mastercard Global Destination Cities Index 2019”. MasterCard Social Newsroom. Archived from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
o ^ McCarthy, Niall. “The Cities With The Most Five Star Hotels [Infographic]”. Forbes. Archived
from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
o ^ “28 of Dubai’s most famous buildings: from Burj Khalifa to Museum of the Future”. thenationalnews.com. 24 June 2021. Archived from the original on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 27 June
2021.
o ^ “Where is Dubai and Dubai city?”. Thatsdubai.com. 14 June 2007. Archived from the original on 15 February 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
o ^ Jump up to:a b c Sampler & Eigner (2008). Sand to Silicon. UAE: Motivate. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-86063-254-9.
o ^
Jump up to:a b Oil share dips in Dubai GDP Archived 26 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine AMEInfo (9 June 2007) Retrieved on 15 October 2007.
o ^ Dubai economy set to treble by 2015 Archived 3 November 2014 at the Wayback Machine ArabianBusiness.com
(3 February 2007) Retrieved on 15 October 2007.
o ^ Jump up to:a b “Dubai diversifies out of oil”. AMEInfo. 7 September 2005. Archived from the original on 19 December 2008. Retrieved 12 August 2008.
o ^ Cornock, Oliver. “Dubai must tap booming
halal travel industry – Khaleej Times”. khaleejtimes.com. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
o ^ Winkler, Matthew A. (14 January 2018). “Dubai’s the Very Model of a Modern Mideast Economy”. Bloomberg. Archived
from the original on 17 March 2018.
o ^ “Dubai (city) | Geography, Creek, & History | Britannica”. www.britannica.com. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
o ^ Alyazya (July 2011). مسميات مناطق دبي قديماً [Old names areas of Dubai]. Al Jundi (in Arabic).
444: 76.
o ^ “Old Dubai”. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
o ^ “How Did Dubai, Abu Dhabi and other Cities Get Their Names? Experts Reveal All”. UAE Interact. 30 March 2007. Archived from the original on
7 April 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
o ^ Weeks, Lloyd; Cable, Charlotte; Franke, Kristina; Newton, Claire; Karacic, Steven; Roberts, James; Stepanov, Ivan; David-Cuny, Hélène; Price, David (26 April 2017). “Recent archaeological research at
Saruq al-Hadid, Dubai, UAE”. Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy. 28 (1): 39. doi:10.1111/aae.12082. ISSN 0905-7196.
o ^ “Brushing off sands of time at the archaeological site of Saruq al-Hadid”. The National. Archived from the original on 29 July
2018. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
o ^ “SHARP – the Saruq al-Hadid Archaeological Research Project”. Research Plus. 3 September 2017. Archived from the original on 29 July 2018. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
o ^ Jump up to:a b “History and Traditions
of the UAE” (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 31 July 2009.
o ^ Jump up to:a b Ibrahim Al Abed, Peter Hellyer (2001). United Arab Emirates: A perspective. Trident Press. ISBN 978-1-900724-47-0. Archived from the
original on 10 July 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2009.
o ^ Jump up to:a b “The Coming of Islam and the Islamic Period in the UAE. King, Geoffrey R.” (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
o ^ Jump up to:a
b Heard-Bey, Frauke (1990). From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates. UK: Longman. p. 238. ISBN 978-0-582-27728-1.
o ^ Schofield, R (1990). Islands and Maritime Boundaries of the Gulf 1798–1960. UK: Archive Editions. p. 545. ISBN 978-1-85207-275-9.
o ^
Jump up to:a b c Krane, Jim (2010). Dubai: The Story of the World’s Fastest City. London, England: Atlantic. ISBN 978-1-84887-009-3.
o ^ “Modernity and tradition in Dubai architecture. Karim, Luiza”. Alshindagah.com. Archived from the original
on 30 September 2009. Retrieved 31 July 2009.
o ^ Lorimer, John (1915). Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. British Government, Bombay. p. 750.
o ^ Jump up to:a b Lorimer, John (1915). Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. British Government, Bombay. p. 2236.
o ^
Lorimer, John (1915). Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. British Government, Bombay. p. 743.
o ^ Wilson, Graeme (1999). Father of Dubai. Media Prima. p. 34.
o ^ Jump up to:a b Lorimer, John (1915). Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf Vol II. British Government,
Bombay. p. 454.
o ^ Wilson, Graeme (1999). Father of Dubai. Media Prima. p. 39.
o ^ Jump up to:a b c “Dubayy”. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008
o ^ “The UAE: Internal Boundaries And The Boundary With Oman. Archived Editions. Walker, J”. Archiveeditions.co.uk.
18 February 1969. Archived from the original on 5 May 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
o ^ The Middle East and North Africa. Schofield, C. p 175
o ^ Jump up to:a b c Heard-Bey, Frauke (1996). From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates. London:
Longman. p. 260. ISBN 978-0-582-27728-1.
o ^ Jump up to:a b Wilson, Graeme (1999). Father of Dubai. UAE: Media Prima. p. 126. ISBN 9789948856450.
o ^ Elshestawy, Yasser (2004). Planning Middle Eastern Cities: An Urban Kaleidoscope. Routledge.
ISBN 1-134-41010-7.
o ^ Jump up to:a b c Donald., Hawley (1970). The Trucial States. London: Allen & Unwin. p. 245. ISBN 978-0-04-953005-8. OCLC 152680.
o ^ Reporter, Mariam M. Al Serkal, Staff (9 April 2011). “Fifty years on, the tragedy of vessel
MV Dara lingers”. Gulf News. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
o ^ Wilson, Graeme (2008). Fly Buy Dubai. UAE: Media Prima. p. 58. ISBN 9789948859437.
o ^ Thomas, Anthony (3 March 1969). “Gold smuggling boosts
Dubai economy”. The Times.
o ^ Hawley, Donald (1970). The Trucial States. London: Allen & Unwin. p. 204. ISBN 0049530054. OCLC 152680.
o ^ Jump up to:a b “Historic population statistics” (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2009.
Retrieved 31 July 2009.
o ^ Chapman, Len. “How Chicago Beach got its name…then lost it!”. Dubai As It Used To Be. Archived from the original on 9 July 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
o ^ Donald., Hawley (1970). The Trucial States. London: Allen
& Unwin. p. 222. ISBN 978-0-04-953005-8. OCLC 152680.
o ^ Wilson, Graeme (1999). Father of Dubai. UAE: Media Prima. p. 151. ISBN 9789948856450.
o ^ Al Maktoum, Mohammed bin Rashid (2012). Spirit of the Union. UAE: Motivate. pp. 27–39. ISBN 978-1-86063-330-0.
o ^
Maktoum, Mohammed bin Rashid (2012). Spirit of the Union. UAE: Motivate. p. 30. ISBN 978-1-86063-330-0.
o ^ Abed, Ibrahim; Hellyer, Peter (2001). United Arab Emirates : a new perspective. London: Trident Press. pp. 129–133. ISBN 978-1-900724-47-0.
o ^
Ahmadi, Kourosh (2008). Islands and International Politics in the Persian Gulf: The Abu Musa and Tunbs in Strategic Context. London: Routledge. pp. 96.
o ^ “Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates”. Archived from the original on 3 December 2016.
Retrieved 11 December 2016.
o ^ “Beirut Showing Signs of Recovery From Wounds of War”. The New York Times. 26 May 1977. pg.2
o ^ Dubai. Carter, T and Dunston, L. Lonely Planet Publications
o ^ “Free Zones in the UAE”. uaefreezones.com. Archived
from the original on 25 February 2010. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
o ^ Davidson, Christopher, The Emirates of Abu Dhabi and Dubai: Contrasting Roles in the International System. March 2007.
o ^ Sampler & Eigner (2008). Sand to Silicon: Going Global.
UAE: Motivate. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-86063-254-9.
o ^ Environmental Development and Protection in the UAE Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Aspinall, Simon
o ^ Jump up to:a b Far enough from the fault lines. Archived 27 July 2012 at the
Wayback Machine The National, 23 April 2008
o ^ Flora and fauna of Dubai Archived 2 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine gowealthy.com
o ^ Natural UAE Archived 26 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine UAE Interact. Retrieved 29 April 2010
o ^ “Dubai
Floor Plan & Area Map”. Archived from the original on 11 August 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
o ^ “Climate in Dubai across the year. Dubai Meteorological office”. Dubaiairport.com. Archived from the original on 18 December 2010. Retrieved 20 April
2013.
o ^ Al Serkal, Mariam M. (14 July 2016). “64 degrees in Dubai – should you worry?”. Gulf News. Dubai. Archived from the original on 17 July 2019. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
o ^ “Climate (Average Temperatures:1977–2015;Precipitation:1967-2009)”.
Dubai Meteorological Office. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
o ^ “Climate Yearly Report 2003–2018”. UAE National Center of Meteorology NCM. Archived from the original on 15 February 2019. Retrieved 14 February
2019.
o ^ US Library of Congress – Legislative Branches
o ^ Organizational Chart. Dubai Municipality
o ^ “The local governments of the seven emirates”. u.ae. UAE Government. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
o ^ Kingsley, Jeremy J.; Heap, Melinda
(1 July 2019). “DUBAI: CREATING A GLOBAL LEGAL PLATFORM?”. Melbourne Journal of International Law. 20 (1): 1C.
o ^ Salem, Fadi (25 June 2007). “Enhancing Trust in E-Voting Through Knowledge Management: The Case of the UAE”. Rochester, NY. SSRN 1498505.
o ^
United Arab Emirates : a new perspective. Ibrahim Abed, Peter Hellyer. London: Trident Press. 2001. ISBN 1-900724-47-2. OCLC 47140175.
o ^ “Dubai Police”. uae-embassy.org. Archived from the original on 7 March 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
o ^
On the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Legal System. Gulf-Law.com
o ^ UAE Consulate of the United States
o ^ Alcohol / liquor licence and laws in Dubai, archived from the original on 24 February 2015
o ^ Reporter, Bassam Za’za’, Senior (16 May
2010). “Law gets tough on drunk drivers in Dubai”. Gulf News. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
o ^ Alabaster, Olivia (7 May 2018). “Dubai princess: UN asked to intervene over ruler’s daughter ‘detained
against her will’ after failed escape from UAE”. The Independent. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 3 August 2019.
o ^ Davis, Mike (September–October 2006). “Fear and money in Dubai”. New Left Review. II (41): 47–68. Archived
from the original on 20 February 2016.
o ^ Jump up to:a b “Job losses hasten property decline in Dubai but medium-long term outlook upbeat”. Propertywire.com. 3 December 2008. Archived from the original on 19 January 2009. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
o ^
“Mohammad Bin Rashid approves Dubai’s budget for 2015”. Gulf News. Archived from the original on 12 May 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
o ^ “Human Rights Watch – Building Towers, Cheating Workers: Exploitation of Migrant Construction Workers in the
United Arab Emirates”. 11 November 2006. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
o ^ Human Rights Watch. Building Towers, Cheating Workers: Exploitation of Migrant Construction Workers in the United Arab Emirates
(PDF) (PDF ed.). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
o ^ “UAE to allow construction unions”. BBC News. 30 March 2006. Archived from the original on 23 April 2006.
o ^ “Dubai fire investigation launched”.
BBC News. 19 January 2007. Archived from the original on 29 September 2009.
o ^ “Slaves in Dubai documentary”. VICE. 2009. Archived from the original on 16 November 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
o ^ “UAE to allow construction unions”. BBC
News. 30 March 2006. Archived from the original on 23 April 2006. Retrieved 24 April 2006.
o ^ “You can get jailed for breaking this UAE work law; video warning issued”. Khaleej Times. 22 September 2020. Archived from the original on 22 September
2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
o ^ “Homosexuality can still mean the death penalty in many countries”. TheJournal.ie. 9 September 2018. Archived from the original on 3 August 2019. Retrieved 3 August 2019.
o ^ “UAE ambassador: ‘We do not
promote idea of press freedom'”. Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 12 February 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
o ^ “Dubai in United Arab Emirates a centre of human trafficking and prostitution”. The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived
from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
o ^ Nammour, Marie (20 January 2020). “3 men in Dubai fined Dh500,000 each for insulting Islam online”. Khaleejtimes. Archived from the original on 9 August 2021. Retrieved 8 August
2021.
o ^ “‘I am starving’: the migrant workers abandoned by Dubai employers”. The Guardian. 3 September 2020. Archived from the original on 3 September 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
o ^ Jump up to:a b Agarib, Amira. “Dubai among world’s
safest cities as serious crimes decline”. www.khaleejtimes.com. Archived from the original on 6 June 2018. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
o ^ “Arab countries score low on crime, highest on safety in world survey”. Arab News. 9 August 2017. Archived from
the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
o ^ “Crime Index Rate”. Numbeo. Archived from the original on 5 August 2018. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
o ^ “Crime Index Rate”. Numbeo. Archived from the original on 5 August 2018. Retrieved
5 August 2018.
o ^ Jump up to:a b Reporter, Mariam M. Al Serkal, Senior Web (6 February 2018). “Revealed: Top crimes committed in Dubai”. GulfNews. Archived from the original on 30 July 2018. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
o ^ Ali Al Shouk (13 January
2018). “Dubai Police hailed as serious crimes rate falls by 15%”. GulfNews. Archived from the original on 30 July 2018. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
o ^ “Common Crimes and Laws in the UAE”. www.internations.org. Archived from the original on 30 July
2018. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
o ^ Jump up to:a b Karin, Luiza (September 1999). “Modernity and tradition in Dubai architecture by Luiza Karim”. alshindagah.com. Archived from the original on 3 May 2010. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
o ^ Hadjari, Karim.
“3D Modelling and Visualisation OF Al Baskita in Dubai IN Dubai, United Arab Emerites” (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2009. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
o ^ “Tourism in Dubai” (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 April
2005. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
o ^ Lahmeyer, Jan (2001). “The United Arab Emigrates – Historical demographical data of the urban centers”. .populstat. Archived from the original on 9 August 2010. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
o ^ Heard-Bey, Frauke.
“The Tribal Society of the UAE and its Traditional Economy” (PDF). uaeinteract.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 April 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
o ^ “Census 2005 U.A.E.” tedad.ae. Archived from the original on 16 May 2010. Retrieved
19 April 2010.
o ^ Jump up to:a b Younes, Bassem. “Roundabouts vs. Intersections: The Tale of Three UAE Cities” (PDF). ite.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
o ^ “Number of Population Estimated
by Nationality- Emirate of Dubai” (PDF). dsc.gov.ae. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 March 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
o ^ “Number of Population Estimated by Nationality- Emirate of Dubai” (PDF). dsc.gov.ae. Archived (PDF) from the
original on 14 February 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
o ^ “Number of Population Estimated by Nationality- Emirate of Dubai” (PDF). dsc.gov.ae. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 December 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
o ^ “Dubai Population
Are 3.3 Million by Q3-19”. www.dsc.gov.ae. Archived from the original on 15 December 2019. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
o ^ “Cost of living – The world’s most expensive cities”. City Mayors. Archived from the original on 24 December 2008. Retrieved
12 February 2016.
o ^ “Dubai population jumps 4.8 per cent to 2.17m”. UAE interact. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
o ^ “Call to naturalise some expats stirs anxiety in the UAE”. Reuters. Reuters UK. 10
October 2013. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014.
o ^ “GCC Citizenship Debate: A Place To Call Home”. Gulf Business. 5 January 2014. Archived from the original on 1 September 2014.
o ^ Jump up to:a b “Country and Metropolitan Stats in
Brief Archived 12 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine. MPI Data Hub
o ^ HASSAN M. FATTAH; Nada El Sawy contributed reporting for this article. (4 December 2005). “Young Iranians Follow Dreams to Dubai”. The New York Times. Archived from the original
on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
o ^ Jump up to:a b “HSBC Reveals “The Future of Retirement: What the World Wants” Survey Results” (PDF). HSBC. 26 April 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 December 2008. Retrieved 19 April
2010.
o ^ “A Breakdown of the United Arab Emirates Population by Nationality – BQ Doha”. Archived from the original on 11 July 2015.
o ^ “The other special relationship: The UAE and the UK”. 21 November 2010. Archived from the original on 31 July
2020. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
o ^ “Dubai leads British exodus overseas”. Arabian Business. 21 May 2008. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
o ^ “United Arab Emirates Demographics Profile 2014”. indexmundi.com.
Archived from the original on 25 December 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
o ^ Christensen, Shane (2010). Frommer’s Dubai. John Wiley & Sons. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-470-71178-1.
o ^ “Nama Tuluveru all set to entertain UAE with Rangabhoomi’s ‘Kaala
Chakra'”. daijiworld.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
o ^ “Languages spoken in Dubai”. Justlanded.com. Archived from the original on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
o ^ Country Profile: United
Arab Emirates (UAE) Archived 26 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine. United States Library of Congress
o ^ “Report on International Religious Freedom”. U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
o ^
Staff (22 July 2015). “UAE to deport expats abusing religions”. Emirates 24|7. Archived from the original on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
o ^ Religion in Dubai Archived 24 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Dubaidreams
o ^ Malcolm, Russell
(2014). The Middle East and South Asia 2014. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 192–193. ISBN 9780521889520. More than 56% of Dubai residents are Muslims, 25% of the population is Christian and 16% is Hindu. 2% of the population of Dubai has a different religion.
o ^
Pittenger, Fernanda. “The 6 Best Churches & Cathedrals in Jebel Ali, Emirate of Dubai”. thingstodopost.org. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
o ^ “International Religious Freedom Report 2007 – United Arab Emirates”. State.gov. 14 September 2007. Archived
from the original on 10 November 2019. Retrieved 31 July 2009.
o ^ “‘It’s easier being Christian in Abu Dhabi than in UK'”. Archived from the original on 4 October 2016. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
o ^ Nelson, Russell M. “Go Forward in Faith”.
www.churchofjesuschrist.org. Archived from the original on 11 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
o ^ Everington, John (22 January 2015). “Dubai enters top five ranked fastest growing economies”. The National. Archived from the original on
11 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
o ^ “Dubai’s gross domestic product is expected to reach US$107.1 billion, posting a growth rate of 6.1% in 2014 and exceeding Dubai government’s estimates of 5%, according to Citibank”. Zawya Thomson Reuters.
14 June 2014. Archived from the original on 31 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
o ^ “Dubai – Overview”. USA Today. Archived from the original on 8 August 2007. Retrieved 22 July 2007.
o ^ “Dubai’s oil discovery and Dubai’s debt”. Moneycontrol.com.
5 February 2010. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
o ^ “UAE Oil and Gas”. Uae.gov.ae. 19 June 1999. Archived from the original on 5 July 2008. Retrieved 31 July 2009.
o ^ Prospects of Dubai Economic Sectors Archived
16 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Dubai Chamber of Commerce. 2003
o ^ Jump up to:a b “Dubai’s foreign trade steady at Dh1.331 trillion in 2014”. Emirates 24|7. 23 March 2015. Archived from the original on 27 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March
2015.
o ^ Jump up to:a b “World Port Rankings – 2008” (PDF). American Association of Port Authorities. 15 April 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2010. Retrieved 5 May 2010.
o ^ “Free Zone Authorities in Dubai”. Business-Dubai.com.
Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
o ^ “Community Directory of Companies”. Dubai Internet City. Archived from the original on 6 March 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
o ^ “New report highlights Dubai’s startup
ecosystem”. www.tradearabia.com. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
o ^ “Nasdaq Dubai | Exchange Overview”. www.nasdaqdubai.com. Archived from the original on 2 January 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
o ^ gold-dubai
(22 February 2016) “Gold rate in Dubai”. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016.
o ^ “Citgy Mayors: World’s best financial cities”. Citymayors.com. 10 June 2008. Archived from the original on 17 August 2009. Retrieved 26 August 2009.
o ^
“World’s richest cities by purchasing power”. City Mayors. Archived from the original on 6 May 2008. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
o ^ “Worldwide Centers of Commerce Index 2007” (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 4 November
2009.
o ^ “Laws & Regulations | Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC)”. www.difc.ae. Archived from the original on 26 December 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
o ^ “Hot Spots 2025: Dubai Moves Up to 23rd Place Dubai Chronicle”. Dubaichronicle.com.
2 July 2013. Archived from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
o ^ “Indians top foreign investors in Dubai realty”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 23 September 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
o ^
“Dubai Fashion 2020 To Be Unveiled Soon Dubai Chronicle”. Dubaichronicle.com. 18 June 2013. Archived from the original on 24 October 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
o ^ “Rockefeller Zone”. Rfz.ae. 17 May 2021. Archived from the original on 20
June 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
o ^ “Construction of 10 buildings in Dubai Design District already underway”. Dubaichronicle.com. 9 June 2013. Archived from the original on 20 August 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
o ^ “Mohammed bin Rashid
issues directives to establish a committee to ensure balance between supply and demand in the real estate sector”. www.mediaoffice.ae. Archived from the original on 5 January 2022. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
o ^ Batrawy, Aya (2 September 2019).
“Dubai to curb pace of construction projects as prices fall”. AP NEWS. Archived from the original on 4 September 2019. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
o ^ “Dubai at Risk as Coronavirus Poses Shock to U.A.E. Economy, Says Moody’s”. Bloomberg.com. 28
April 2020. Archived from the original on 9 May 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
o ^ “Dubai to Avoid Glare of Public Markets and Raise Bonds Privately”. Bloomberg.com. 27 April 2020. Archived from the original on 8 May 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
o ^
“Dubai Hotel Mogul Says ‘Bleeding’ Firms Need Economy to Reopen”. Bloomberg.com. 6 May 2020. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
o ^ “Moody’s revises outlook to negative on eight UAE banks”. Reuters. 19 June 2020.
Archived from the original on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
o ^ “Dubai Stocks Sink After Moody’s Lowers Outlook for UAE Banks”. BNN Bloomberg. 21 June 2020. Archived from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
o ^ “L’or
douteux de Dubaï est prisé en Suisse”. Le Temps. 16 July 2020. Archived from the original on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
o ^ “GOLDEN DETOUR: The hidden face of the gold trade between the United Arab Emirates and Switzerland” (PDF). Swissaid.
Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
o ^ “Switzerland Tells Refiners to Get Strict on UAE Gold”. Bloomberg.com. 15 October 2021. Archived from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
o ^
Armitstead, Louise (20 November 2008). “Dubai’s Palm Jumeirah sees prices fall as crunch moves in”. The Daily Telegraph. UK. Archived from the original on 1 December 2008. Retrieved 20 November 2008.
o ^ “World’s Tallest Hotel Opens Its Doors”.
BBC News. 1 December 1999. Archived from the original on 19 June 2009. Retrieved 31 July 2009.
o ^ “Dubai: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly”. 17 March 2012. Archived from the original on 18 April 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
o ^ “Laid-Off Foreigners
Flee as Dubai Spirals Down” Archived 11 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine article by Robert F. Worth in The New York Times 11 February 2009
o ^ Hanif, Nadeem (12 November 2009). “JLT owners still waiting for homes promised in 2007”. Gulf News.
Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
o ^ Warner, Jeremy (27 November 2009) Dubai is just a harbinger of things to come for sovereign debt Archived 30 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine. The Telegraph
o ^ “Dubai
Uncovered: Data Leak Exposes How Criminals, Officials, and Sanctioned Politicians Poured Money Into Dubai Real Estate”. OCCRP. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
o ^ “Bargain-hunting Fashionistas Descend onto Dubai”. 17 March 2012. Archived from the original
on 18 April 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
o ^ “Shopping in Dubai”. Shopping Galore in Dubai. 17 October 2013. Archived from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
o ^ “104 Attractions in Dubai”. 25 September 2017. Archived
from the original on 6 July 2018. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
o ^ Murray, Tom. “The 20 most visited cities around the world in 2018”. Business Insider. Archived from the original on 19 January 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
o ^ “14.9 million overnight
visitors for Dubai in 2016”. Gulf News. Archived from the original on 29 May 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
o ^ Jacobs, Deborah L. “Most Visited Cities In The World 2012”. forbes. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 2 December
2013.
o ^ “Dubai History”. dubai.ae. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
o ^ “Dubai Creek for World Heritage List”. Khaleej Times. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
o ^
Krane, Jim (September 2009). City of Gold: Dubai and the Dream of Capitalism. St. Martin’s Press. ISBN 978-0-312-53574-2.
o ^ “Dubai Creek Park”. Capture Dubai. Archived from the original on 20 February 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
o ^ “At
$30 billion, Dubai takes in the most global tourist dollars by far”. Consultancy-ME. 6 September 2019. Archived from the original on 15 September 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
o ^ “Dubai loosens liquor laws as UAE alcohol sales slump”. Hot World
Report. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
o ^ “Travel Safety Report: 20 Worst Places For Gay Travelers”. Forbes. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
o ^ “Trans Model Says She Was Deported at Dubai Border Because of
Her Male Passport”. Vice. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
o ^ “”The guy with you, isn’t that your boyfriend?”: a French influencer files a complaint after being turned away from Dubai airport”. France Info. 16 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
o ^
“Ibrahim Godin TikTok video about trip to Dubai”. TikTok. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
o ^ “Dubai Expo 2020 Master Plan”. dubaichronicle.com. 22 May 2013. Archived from the original on 22 June 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
o ^ Kerr, Simeon (27 November
2013). “Jubilant Dubai wins bid to host 2020 World Expo”. Financial Times. Archived from the original on 19 February 2014. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
o ^ “EXPO Dubai 2020 – a preview”. Inexhibit magazine. Archived from the original on 17 February 2016.
Retrieved 9 February 2016.
o ^ “Dubai launches world’s largest concentrated solar power project – Gulf Business”. gulfbusiness.com. 2 June 2016. Archived from the original on 2 June 2016.
o ^ “Expo 2020, Maintenance Page”. maintenance.expo2020dubai.com.
Archived from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
o ^ “Expo 2020 Dubai to seek one-year postponement”. ArabianBusiness.com. Archived from the original on 31 March 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
o ^ Abbas, Waheed. “Dubai
Expo confirms new dates: Oct 1, 2021 until Mar 31, 2022”. Khaleej Times. Archived from the original on 4 May 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
o ^ “Dubai inches closer to becoming world’s best city for the disabled”. Khaleej Times. Archived from
the original on 3 August 2019. Retrieved 3 August 2019.
o ^ Karim, Luiza Modernity and tradition in Dubai architecture Archived 30 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine. AlShindagah, 1999
o ^ “Design of Burj Khalifa”. Burjkhalifa.ae. Archived
from the original on 28 February 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
o ^ “World’s Ten Tallest Cities In 2012, the JW Marriott Marquis Dubai opened and is the World’s tallest hotel, standing at 72 stories (1,165 ft)”. Ultrapolis Project. Archived from
the original on 9 June 2010. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
o ^ “Calculated Average Height of the Twenty-five Tallest (CAHTT)”. Ultrapolisproject.com. 4 January 2010. Archived from the original on 2 May 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
o ^ “Burj Khalifa
records over 1.87 million visitors in 2013”. khaleejtimes.com. Archived from the original on 24 February 2017. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
o ^ “Dubai Creek Tower (The Tower) project timeline and all you need to know”. Construction Review Online.
3 September 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
o ^ “”We don’t build anymore”: Emaar confirms suspension of new construction in Dubai”. Global Construction Review. 9 December 2020.
o ^ Jump up to:a b Rebecca, Bundhun (14 July 2009). “Hotel star ratings
standards long overdue”. The National. Archived from the original on 24 June 2017. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
o ^ “Dubai In Number” Archived 4 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine, go-gulf.ae, 23 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015
o ^ Hubbard, Ben
(13 May 2022). “Sheikh Khalifa, U.A.E. Ruler, Is Dead at 73”. The New York Times. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
o ^ “Iosif Stalin-2” Archived 11 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine, capturedubai.com, 29 March 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
o ^ “The Palm
Jumeirah”. Nakheel. 2006. Archived from the original on 17 February 2007. Retrieved 11 February 2007.
o ^ “Apartment Remodeling Companies”. Algebra Contracting LLC. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
o ^ “Dubai’s Palm and World Islands – progress update”.
4 October 2007. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007.
o ^ Masood, Usman. “50 Million Flowers at Dubai Miracle Garden”. www.miraclegardenblog.com. Archived from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
o ^ “World’s
Largest Natural Flower Garden Opens in Dubai”. 13 March 2013. Archived from the original on 8 March 2013.
o ^ “The World’s most beautiful garden-In Dubai”. Xpress. 20 February 2013. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016.
o ^ “UAE: Division
of Dubai (Sectors and Communities) – Population Statistics, Charts and Map”. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
o ^ By Maureen O’Hare. “Address Beach Resort: The world’s highest infinity pool has opened in Dubai”.
CNN. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
o ^ Jump up to:a b “Will metro change Dubai car culture?”. BBC News. 11 September 2009. Archived from the original on 16 September 2009.
o ^ “ACI World releases preliminary
2017 world airport traffic rankings Passenger traffic: Indian and Chinese airports major contributors to growth Air cargo: Volumes surge at major hubs as trade wars threaten”. www.aci.aero. 9 April 2018. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018.
Retrieved 26 June 2018.
o ^ “SYSTRA and AECOM win the Dubai Tram extension”. Highways Today. 12 January 2017. Archived from the original on 13 January 2019. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
o ^ “RTA Portal – Home”. Archived from the original on 19 April
2010. Retrieved 18 April 2010.
o ^ “Gulfnews: Dubai traffic woes inflict losses of Dh4.6b a year”. Gulf News. Archived from the original on 25 August 2009. R Photo credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/quintanomedia/14814264272/’]