emily dickinson

 

  • According to a letter written by Dickinson after Newton’s death, he had been “with my Father two years, before going to Worcester – in pursuing his studies, and was much in
    our family.

  • Five weeks later, Dickinson wrote, “We were never intimate … while she was our Mother – but Mines in the same Ground meet by tunneling and when she became our Child, the
    Affection came.

  • “[97] MacGregor (Mac) Jenkins, the son of family friends who later wrote a short article in 1891 called “A Child’s Recollection of Emily Dickinson”, thought of her as always
    offering support[clarification needed] to the neighborhood children.

  • [32] Dickinson wrote to a friend the following year: “I never enjoyed such perfect peace and happiness as the short time in which I felt I had found my Savior.

  • [82] His interest in her work certainly provided great moral support; many years later, Dickinson told Higginson that he had saved her life in 1862.

  • [128] The first poem, “Nobody knows this little rose”, may have been published without Dickinson’s permission.

  • [6] Although Dickinson’s acquaintances were most likely aware of her writing, it was not until after her death in 1886—when Lavinia, Dickinson’s younger sister, discovered
    her cache of poems—that her work became public.

  • [50] Two years after his death, she revealed to her friend Abiah Root the extent of her sadness: … some of my friends are gone, and some of my friends are sleeping – sleeping
    the churchyard sleep – the hour of evening is sad – it was once my study hour – my master has gone to rest, and the open leaf of the book, and the scholar at school alone, make the tears come, and I cannot brush them away; I would not if I
    could, for they are the only tribute I can pay the departed Humphrey.

  • She wrote later that he, “whose name my Father’s Law Student taught me, has touched the secret Spring”.

  • When Dickinson was seven, he wrote home, reminding his children to “keep school, and learn, so as to tell me, when I come home, how many new things you have learned”.

  • A 1998 article in The New York Times revealed that of the many edits made to Dickinson’s work, the name “Susan” was often deliberately removed.

  • [46] She was probably influenced by Lydia Maria Child’s Letters from New York, another gift from Newton[29] (after reading it, she gushed “This then is a book!

  • [62] Writing to a friend in summer 1858, Dickinson said she would visit if she could leave “home, or mother.

  • After the death of Lord’s wife in 1877, his friendship with Dickinson probably became a late-life romance, though as their letters were destroyed, this is surmised.

  • “[56] She quotes from many of their letters, including one from 1852 in which Dickinson proclaims, Susie, will you indeed come home next Saturday, and be my own again, and
    kiss me …

  • [19] Wanting his children well-educated, her father followed their progress even while away on business.

  • Susan also wrote Dickinson’s obituary for the Springfield Republican, ending it with four lines from one of Dickinson’s poems: “Morns like these, we parted; Noons like these,
    she rose; Fluttering first, then firmer, To her fair repose.”

  • On an extended visit to Monson when she was two, Dickinson’s Aunt Lavinia described her as “perfectly well and contented—She is a very good child and but little trouble.

  • “[53] The importance of Dickinson’s relationship with Susan has widely been overlooked due to a point of view first promoted by Mabel Loomis Todd, who was involved for many
    years in a relationship with Austin Dickinson and who diminished Susan’s role in Dickinson’s life due to her own poor relationship with her lover’s wife.

  • [90] A solemn thing – it was – I said – A Woman – White – to be – And wear – if God should count me fit – Her blameless mystery – Emily Dickinson, c. 1861[91] Around this
    time, Dickinson’s behavior began to change.

  • [63] Dickinson took this role as her own, and “finding the life with her books and nature so congenial, continued to live it”.

  • [97] When Higginson urged her to come to Boston in 1868 so they could formally meet for the first time, she declined, writing: “Could it please your convenience to come so
    far as Amherst I should be very glad, but I do not cross my Father’s ground to any House or town”.

  • Little-known during her life, she has since been regarded as one of the most important figures in American poetry.

  • [54] However, the notion of a “cruel” Susan—as promoted by her romantic rival—has been questioned, most especially by Susan and Austin’s surviving children, with whom Dickinson
    was close.

  • [44] Biographers believe that Dickinson’s statement of 1862— “When a little Girl, I had a friend, who taught me Immortality – but venturing too near, himself – he never returned”—refers
    to Newton.

  • “[42] Although their relationship was probably not romantic, Newton was a formative influence and would become the second in a series of older men (after Humphrey) that Dickinson
    referred to, variously, as her tutor, preceptor or master.

  • She also mentioned that whereas her mother did not “care for Thought”, her father bought her books, but begged her “not to read them – because he fears they joggle the Mind”.

  • [114] Two years before this, on April 1, 1882, Dickinson’s “Shepherd from ‘Little Girl’hood”, Charles Wadsworth, also had died after a long illness.

  • [29] Recalling the incident two years later, she wrote that “it seemed to me I should die too if I could not be permitted to watch over her or even look at her face.

  • “[33] The experience did not last: Dickinson never made a formal declaration of faith and attended services regularly for only a few years.

  • Lamenting her mother’s increasing physical as well as mental demands, Dickinson wrote that “Home is so far from Home”.

  • Dickinson eventually sent her over three hundred letters, more than to any other correspondent, over the course of their relationship.

  • [38] Whatever the reasons for leaving Holyoke, her brother Austin appeared on March 25, 1848, to “bring [her] home at all events”.

  • [74] Dickinson’s decision to contact Higginson suggests that by 1862 she was contemplating publication and that it may have become increasingly difficult to write poetry without
    an audience.

  • [35] During the last year of her stay at the academy, Dickinson became friendly with Leonard Humphrey, its popular new young principal.

  • [88] Carlo died during this time after having provided sixteen years of companionship; Dickinson never owned another dog.

  • [75] Seeking literary guidance that no one close to her could provide, Dickinson sent him a letter, which read in full:[76] Thomas Wentworth Higginson in uniform; he was colonel
    of the First South Carolina Volunteers from 1862 to 1864.

  • In the fall of 1884, she wrote, “The Dyings have been too deep for me, and before I could raise my Heart from one, another has come.

  • [86] The woman in white[edit] In direct opposition to the immense productivity that she displayed in the early 1860s, Dickinson wrote fewer poems in 1866.

  • [110] Dickinson wrote that “While others go to Church, I go to mine, for are you not my Church, and have we not a Hymn that no one knows but us?

  • [52] In an 1882 letter to Susan, Dickinson said, “With the exception of Shakespeare, you have told me of more knowledge than any one living.

  • [104][126] The funeral service, held in the Homestead’s library, was simple and short; Higginson, who had met her only twice, read “No Coward Soul Is Mine”, a poem by Emily
    Brontë that had been a favorite of Dickinson’s.

  • Dickinson looked forward to this day greatly; a surviving fragment of a letter written by her states that “Tuesday is a deeply depressed Day”.

  • After her younger sister Lavinia discovered the collection of nearly 1800 poems, Dickinson’s first volume was published four years after her death.

  • What is thought to be her last letter was sent to her cousins, Louise and Frances Norcross, and simply read: “Little Cousins, Called Back.

  • [64] No one was aware of the existence of these books until after her death.

  • [22] Dickinson’s brother Austin later described this large new home as the “mansion” over which he and Dickinson presided as “lord and lady” while their parents were absent.

  • Could themself have peeped – And seen my Brain – go round – They might as wise have lodged a Bird For Treason – in the Pound – Emily Dickinson, c. 1862[24] Dickinson spent
    seven years at the academy, taking classes in English and classical literature, Latin, botany, geology, history, “mental philosophy,” and arithmetic.

  • [107] Though the great Waters sleep, That they are still the Deep, We cannot doubt – No vacillating God Ignited this Abode To put it out – Emily Dickinson, c. 1884[108] Otis
    Phillips Lord, an elderly judge on the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court from Salem, in 1872 or 1873 became an acquaintance of Dickinson’s.

  • Sue married Austin in 1856 after a four-year courtship, though their marriage was not a happy one.

  • In a letter to a confidante, Dickinson wrote she “always ran Home to Awe [Austin] when a child, if anything befell me.

  • [96] Dickinson also had a good rapport with the children in her life.

  • [8] Life Family and early childhood[edit] The Dickinson children (Emily on the left), c. 1840.

  • Forty years later, Lavinia said that because their mother was chronically ill, one of the daughters had to remain always with her.

  • Todd never met Dickinson but was intrigued by her, referring to her as “a lady whom the people call the Myth”.

  • Decline and death[edit] Although she continued to write in her last years, Dickinson stopped editing and organizing her poems.

  • [7] A complete, and mostly unaltered, collection of her poetry became available for the first time when scholar Thomas H. Johnson published The Poems of Emily Dickinson in
    1955.

  • [93] Few of the locals who exchanged messages with Dickinson during her last fifteen years ever saw her in person.

  • [59] Despite seeing him only twice after 1855 (he moved to San Francisco in 1862), she variously referred to him as “my Philadelphia”, “my Clergyman”, “my dearest earthly
    friend” and “my Shepherd from ‘Little Girl’hood”.

  • [95] Despite her physical seclusion, however, Dickinson was socially active and expressive through what makes up two-thirds of her surviving notes and letters.

  • “[123] Dickinson’s chief physician gave the cause of death as Bright’s disease and its duration as two and a half years.

  • [34] After her church-going ended, about 1852, she wrote a poem opening: “Some keep the Sabbath going to Church – I keep it, staying at Home”.

  • These three letters, drafted to an unknown man simply referred to as “Master”, continue to be the subject of speculation and contention amongst scholars.

  • [68] The first half of the 1860s, after she had largely withdrawn from social life,[69] proved to be Dickinson’s most productive writing period.

  • [58] First, they spent three weeks in Washington, where her father was representing Massachusetts in Congress.

  • [41] Early influences and writing[edit] When she was eighteen, Dickinson’s family befriended a young attorney by the name of Benjamin Franklin Newton.

  • [25] Daniel Taggart Fiske, the school’s principal at the time, would later recall that Dickinson was “very bright” and “an excellent scholar, of exemplary deportment, faithful
    in all school duties”.

  • [22] Teenage years[edit] They shut me up in Prose – As when a little Girl They put me in the Closet – Because they liked me “still” – Still!

  • “[21] On September 7, 1840, Dickinson and her sister Lavinia started together at Amherst Academy, a former boys’ school that had opened to female students just two years earlier.

  • “[40] Her high spirits soon turned to melancholy after another death.

  • I do not go out at all, lest father will come and miss me, or miss some little act, which I might forget, should I run away – Mother is much as usual.

  • Considered an eccentric by locals, she developed a penchant for white clothing and was known for her reluctance to greet guests or, later in life, to even leave her bedroom.

 

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