g4s

 

  • • Type : Subsidiary ; Industry: Security; Predecessors: Group 4 Falck, Securicor; Founded: 2004; Headquarters: London, England; Area served: Worldwide; Key people: John Connolly
    (Chairman), Ashley Almanza (CEO); Services: Manned security services, cash handling services, justice services and outsourced business processes related to security and safety risks; Revenue: £7,758 million (2019)[1]; ; Operating income: £145
    million (2019)[1] ; Net income: £(80) million (2019)[1] ; Number of employees: 533,000 (2021)[2] ; Parent: Allied Universal ; Subsidiaries: G4S Secure Solutions, Hashmira, Argenbright Security, Securicor, Ronco Consulting Corp., AMAG Technology,
    Wackenhut, Total Security Services History Origins[edit] G4S has its origins in a guarding business founded in Copenhagen in 1901 by Marius Hogrefe, originally known as København Frederiksberg Nattevagt (Copenhagen and Frederiksberg Night
    Watch) and subsequently renamed Falck.

  • [38] Management and other changes[edit] In March 2012, G4S announced that it would sell the “struggling” G4S Government Solutions business (the former Wackenhut (WSI) and
    All Star business) to exit the US government services.

  • [56][57] Mateen then worked for British-based security firm G4S Secure Solutions in Jupiter, Florida, from September 2007 until his death.

  • [25] In 2009, G4S continued to acquire companies: Secura Monde International and Shiremoor International Engineering, together, the UK’s leading specialist banknote and high
    security technical and commercial advisory companies; All Star International for $60 million,[26] one of the premier facilities management and base operations support companies providing services to the US government; Adesta, US-based provider
    of integrated security systems and communication systems; and Hill & Associates Consultants Limited, Asia’s leading provider of specialist risk-mitigation consulting services.

  • [67][68] In a statement to Parliament, Secretary of State for Justice Liz Truss said that insufficient staffing lay at the root of the twelve-hour Birmingham riot and that
    G4S would have to pay the costs of deploying ten highly trained public sector Tornado elite teams, who were sent to quell the riot.

  • [51] Sale of Wackenhut Pakistan[edit] G4S announced in late August 2012 that it would be selling its Pakistan division, Wackenhut Pakistan Limited, to its chairman Ikram Sehgal
    for a figure of around $10 million, according to the Financial Times.

  • [18] In April 2008, G4S acquired RONCO Consulting Corporation, one of the world’s premier humanitarian and commercial mine action, ordnance disposal and security companies.

  • [32] In December 2011, G4S acquired the assets of Chubb Emergency Response, a large key holding company in the UK.

  • [82] The company provides back-office support functions for police forces, support for front-line policing, including the provision of custody suite services and forensic
    medical services.

  • G4S also works with governments overseas to deliver security services.

  • [40] Failure to meet London 2012 Security Contract[edit] On 12 July 2012, it was announced that 3,500 British troops would be deployed at the 2012 Summer Olympics due to a
    shortage of adequately trained G4S security staff, with Labour MP Keith Vaz claiming that, “G4S has let the country down and we have literally had to send in the troops”.

  • Although missing its initial target of 10,000, G4S announced the sending of 7,000 personnel each day to Olympic venues, in a way they felt would allow them to fully secure
    each venue.

  • [41] Shares in G4S later dropped nine percent after the firm claimed it faced a possible £50 million loss as a result of failing to provide sufficient trained staff for the
    2012 Olympic Games.

  • [47] On 22 July 2012, a contractor reported that a third of his expected staff had not turned up; instead, he was sent a group of mainly female, teenage students with minimal
    training, whom he turned away as he did not feel comfortable leaving them for night duties.

  • [42] On 17 July, the company’s chief executive, Nick Buckles, appeared before the Home Affairs Select Committee, where he apologised for the organisational failings, expressed
    regret at having taken on the Olympic security contract, and agreed in principle to pay bonuses to soldiers drafted at the last moment as replacement security staff.

  • [84] In the early 2000s, the company (then still known as Group 4 Falck) bid unsuccessfully for the right to operate several railway franchises in the United Kingdom.

  • [27][28] In the autumn of 2009, G4S personnel in Australia went on strike, arguing that the company had subjected them to low pay and poor working conditions.

  • [76] Operations Activities[edit] The former G4S offices in Västberga, Stockholm G4S’s core services include ‘manned security services’ – where it provides trained and screened
    security officers.

  • The acquisition would have created the world’s largest facilities management company.

  • [69] John Thornhill, the president of the independent monitoring board, agreed that insufficient staff had caused rising levels of violence in prisons in England and Wales,
    leading to “unrestrained violence” and the transfer of a “large number of prisoners … to other prisons that are already stretched with their own problems and staffing issues.

  • [66] After the shooting, a psychologist, who was said to have evaluated and cleared Mateen for his firearms licence in 2007, according to the records of the security company
    G4S, denied ever meeting him or having lived in Florida at the time, and said she had stopped her practice in Florida in January 2006.

  • [29] Since 2010[edit] G4S acquired the South African cash in transit company Skycom in September 2010.

  • The venue manager reported parts of the CCTV system had already been replaced by Army patrols and a complete army takeover was “on the cards”.

  • [34] Within two weeks, the deal was dropped due to lack of shareholder support.

  • A parliamentary committee chair and the Opposition Labour shadow home secretary complained that G4S’s contract with the Home Office limited it to a 6.8% profit on operations,
    but instead the pre-tax profit margins appear to have ranged between 20% to 30%.

  • [7] In 2000, Group 4, a security firm formed in the 1960s, merged with Falck to form Group 4 Falck[7] and by 2000 the company was described as “the world’s largest private
    security systems company”.

  • The business has now been integrated into their existing key holding and response service.

  • [92] Operating structure[edit] G4S segments its business into two areas:[84] • Secure Solutions which includes services for commercial and government organisations in areas
    such as risk consulting, manned security, and security systems.

  • [89] One of G4S’ more interesting contracts may be securing the perimeter of Homey Airport, more commonly known as Area 51, the secret United States Air Force base in Nevada.

  • [44] In Newcastle, G4S was replaced by 500 staff from local security firms for Olympic events.

  • [102] Controversies Controversies involving the company have included use of immigrant-detainee labour in prisons,[103] extreme misconduct in child custodial institutions
    in the UK and the US,[104][105][106][107][108] allegations of police telephone data manipulation,[109] its troubled nine-year employment of Orlando, Florida terrorist Omar Mateen,[110][111] and the 2016 riot at Birmingham Prison in Birmingham,
    England.

  • Furthermore, many investors and analysts questioned why the company would want to purchase a firm so far removed from its area of expertise.

  • [14] The 2006, US State Department Report on Human Rights in Indonesia, released in March 2006, featured the ongoing dispute in Jakarta with Group4/Securicor.

  • [58][59][60] The company said two screenings of Mateen—one conducted upon hiring and the other in 2013—had raised no red flags.

  • [78] ‘Monitoring and response services’ is another core service, where G4S provides key holding, mobile security patrol and response services and alarm receiving and monitoring
    facilities.

  • [35] G4S’s chief, Nick Buckles, recounted the events of the failed acquisition, which cost the company tens of millions of dollars, as “…one of the most bruising experiences
    of my life”.

  • [23] In December 2008, G4S and UNI Global Union, announced the launch of an Ethical Employment Partnership, which will drive improvements in standards across the global security
    industry.

  • [70] Profit margins[edit] Ben Saunders, the head of two British immigrant centres that have been the locus of abuse of detainees was put on leave in September 2017.

  • [24] Simultaneous to this, G4S and the SEIU reached an agreement to end their long dispute and establish a framework to work together in the interest of employees.

  • The company offers a range of services, including the supply of security personnel, monitoring equipment, response units and secure prisoner transportation.

  • “[64] They never informed the community or its property management company about why he was transferred there.

  • [61] Nonetheless, G4S removed Mateen from his job post at a courthouse because of threats he made towards coworkers, including one threat where he claimed he would have al-Qaeda
    kill a deputy’s family.

  • [88] In 2014, the Austrian Ministry of the Interior awarded G4S a contract to run a detention center in Vordernberg; this was the first privately operated prison in Austria.

  • [46] At Dorney Lake, the Olympic rowing and canoeing venue, a G4S manager reported G4S radios were not working, so staff were relying on personal mobile phones to communicate;
    G4S confirmed the venue was being manned by military personnel after 66 percent of rostered G4S staff were failing to show.

 

Works Cited

[‘”Preliminary Results 2019″. G4S. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
2. ^ Jump up to:a b “Who we are”. G4S. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
3. ^ “GFS.L Profile – G4S Stock – Yahoo! UK & Ireland Finance”. Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
4. ^ “G4S – Where
we operate”. G4S. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
5. ^ “The Largest Company You’ve Never Heard Of: G4S and the London Olympics”. International Business Times. 8 June 2012. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
6. ^ “The world’s 10 Largest Employers”. Fortune. 12
November 2014. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
7. ^ Jump up to:a b c “G4S History”. G4S. Archived from the original on 28 April 2011. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
8. ^ Dancel, Raul C. (28 April 2000). “Group 4 Buys Local Security Firm”. Philippine Daily Inquirer.
p. B2. Retrieved 30 May 2016.
9. ^ “Falck Buys Wackenhut Security”. The New York Times. 9 March 2002. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
10. ^ “G4S Share Price”. digitallook.com. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
11. ^ “Lars Nørby Johansen”. Bloomberg.
12. ^
“Group4 Securicor PLC: Board Changes”. FE Investegate.
13. ^ “Focus on G4S”. Focusongroup4securicor.org. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
14. ^ Inman, Phillip; Gow, David (30 June 2005). “Unions Say Group 4 Is
Unfair to Workers”. The Guardian. UK.
15. ^ “Indonesia: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – 2005”. United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. 8 March 2006.
16. ^ “Violating Workers’ Rights: G4S in Indonesia”. Focus on
G4S. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
17. ^ “G4S Praised by Prime Minister for Union Recognition Agreement with GMB”. G4S. 22 June 2006. Archived from the original on 7 July 2006.
18. ^ Chiesa, Alison (5 March
2008). “Scots Founder Sells Off Pop Concert Security Firm Rock Steady”. Theherald.co.uk. Archived from the original on 7 October 2008. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
19. ^ “G4S plc Acquisition of RONCO Consulting Corporation”. G4S. 4 April 2008. Retrieved
18 April 2011.
20. ^ Power, Helen (21 March 2008). “Troubled ArmorGroup secures sale to G4S”. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
21. ^ “G4S Acquires Prison Firm” Archived 5 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine. IFSEC Global. 18 December
2007.
22. ^ “G4S kupio 85 odsto akcija Progarda”. b92.net (in Serbian). Retrieved 19 October 2013.
23. ^ “G4S Buys U.S.’s Touchcom for $23 Million”. Reuters. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
24. ^ “G4S & UNI Sign Global Agreement”. UNI. 16 December
2008. Archived from the original on 18 December 2008.
25. ^ “SEIU Reaches Agreement with Wackenhut: Agreement Paves Way for Partnership on Mutual Goals”. SEIU. 16 December 2008. Archived from the original on 8 June 2009.
26. ^ “G4S Acquires Facilities
Management Company All Star International for $60 Million – Proactiveinvestors (UK)”. Proactiveinvestors. 23 November 2009. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
27. ^ Tweet Carina Stensson 08-13 59 23 carina.stensson@svd.se (23 September 2009). “Helikopterrånet
– detta har hänt | SvD”. Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). Retrieved 8 August 2012.
28. ^ “Helicopter Used in Sweden Robbery”. BBC News. 23 September 2009. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
29. ^ “G4S Security Strike Could Shut Down Court System” Archived
22 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine. United Voices. 9 September 2009.
30. ^ “G4S Buys South African Cash in transit Company Skycom” Archived 4 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Fox News Channel. September 2010.
31. ^ “G4S Acquires Surveillance
and Investigations Company The Cotswold Group” Archived 4 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine. IFSEC. 8 April 2011.
32. ^ “Guidance Monitoring Operation Bought by G4S”. Info4 Security. 27 April 2011.
33. ^ “G4S Locks Down £17m Chubb Deal”. Insider
Media. 24 February 2012.
34. ^ “G4S Shares Tumble on £5.2bn ISS Takeover Deal”. BBC News.
35. ^ “G4S’s Deal for ISS Buckled Under the Weight of Shareholder Anger”. The Daily Telegraph. 1 November 2011.
36. ^ “G4S Chief Nick Buckles: ‘The ISS
deal failure has been one of the most bruising experiences of my life'”. The Telegraph. 5 November 2011.
37. ^ “Has G4S Security Lost the Plot?”. The Telegraph. October 2011.
38. ^ Reece, Damian (28 September 2012). “The Women Who Should Be on
the Bank of England’s List to Be the Next Governor”. The Telegraph. London. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
39. ^ Maidment, Neil (5 March 2013). “Security Firm G4S to Sell Struggling U.S. Government Arm”. Reuters. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
40. ^ “Nick
Buckles Quits as Chief Executive of G4S with £1.2m Payoff”. The Guardian. 21 May 2013. Retrieved 8 May 2013.
41. ^ “Olympics Security Not Compromised, Theresa May Says”. BBC News. 12 July 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
42. ^ “G4S Olympics Staff
‘Failed to Arrive’ for Security Work”. BBC News. 16 July 2012. Retrieved 16 July 2012.
43. ^ “London 2012: G4S’s Nick Buckles Regrets Taking Contract”. BBC News. 17 July 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
44. ^ “G4S Boss Admits to ‘Humiliating
Shambles’ over Olympic Security”. The Guardian. London. 17 July 2012.
45. ^ “London 2012: Queen Hails Olympic ‘Dedication'”. BBC News. 24 July 2012.
46. ^ “Strathclyde Police to Control Scots Olympic security”. BBC News. 20 July 2012.
47. ^
“London 2012: Dorney Lake Security ‘a Shambles'”. BBC News. 20 July 2012.
48. ^ Judd, Terri (23 July 2012). “G4S Shambles Revealed in Internal Report: One Operator Says He Was Sent Teenage Girls to Guard a Games Venue at Night”. The Independent.
London. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
49. ^ “G4S Fills Olympic Security Quota”. ESPN. 8 August 2012.
50. ^ “Chief Constables Want to Abandon G4S Scheme”. BBC News. 20 July 2012.
51. ^ “G4S Donate £2 Million”. The Guardian.
52. ^ Jump up to:a b Alam,
Kazim (26 August 2012). “G4S Pakistan Buyout to Be Done in Two Weeks”. The Express Tribune.
53. ^ “Public Eye”. Archived from the original on 24 March 2013.
54. ^ “Why the Orlando Shooting Was So Deadly”. The New York Times. Retrieved 21 December
2016.
55. ^ “Orlando Shooter Omar Mateen Not First G4S Employee to Go on Deadly Rampage”. Event Chronicle. Archived from the original on 19 August 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
56. ^ Connor, Tracy; Winter, Tom (17 June 2016). “Orlando Gunman
Talked About Bringing Gun to Training Class in 2007”. NBC News. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
57. ^ “Omar Mateen: What we know, don’t know about Orlando nightclub shooter”. Tampa Bay Times. 13 June 2016. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
58. ^ Beall,
Pat; Morgan, Matt; Mower, Lawrence; Stapleton, Christine (12 June 2016). “Vero Beach bomber tied to Mateen posted anti-gay video on Facebook”. The Palm Beach Post. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
59. ^ “A G4S Secure Solutions (USA) Inc. Publication”.
G4S. Fall 2012. p. 10. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
60. ^ Katersky, Aaron; Meek, James Gordon; Margolin, Josh; Hayden, Michael Edison (12 June 2016). “What We Know About Omar Mateen, Suspected Orlando Nightclub Shooter”. ABC News. Retrieved 21 December
2016.
61. ^ Woo, Stu (13 June 2016). “Orlando Nightclub Shooting Puts G4S in Spotlight Again: U.K.-based security giant that employed Omar Mateen said its vetting had raised no red flags”. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
62. ^
Barry, Dan; Kovaleski, Serge F.; Blinder, Alan (18 June 2016). “‘Always Agitated. Always Mad’: Omar Mateen, According to Those Who Knew Him”. The New York Times. Retrieved 21 December 2016. In 2013, G4S removed Mr. Mateen from his security post
at the St. Lucie County Courthouse after he had made ‘inflammatory comments’ about being involved somehow in terrorism.
63. ^ Jump up to:a b c McRoberts, Meghan (19 October 2016). “PGA Village residents present findings of investigation into G4S
following concern of Omar Mateen”. WPTV. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
64. ^ Jump up to:a b “‘Clerical error’ on Orlando killer’s psychological eval named wrong doctor”. The Miami Herald. Retrieved 21 December 2016. The company kept Mateen as an
employee, moving him to a kiosk at a gated community in Palm Beach County
65. ^ Lotan, Gal Tziperman; Brinkmann, Paul; Stutzman, Rene (21 December 2016). “Witness: Omar Mateen drank alone at Pulse before attack”. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 13 June
2016.
66. ^ Cormier, Anthony (9 September 2016). “State slaps $150,000 fine on security firm that employed Orlando Pulse shooter Omar Mateen”. The Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
67. ^ Jump up to:a b c Josh Halliday, Birmingham prison
riot: government was warned two months earlier, The Guardian.
68. ^ Jump up to:a b c Tareq Haddad, 240 inmates moved after 12 hour riot at G4S prison, International Business Times (17 December 2016).
69. ^ Jump up to:a b Alan Travis, G4S must
pay for cost of Birmingham prison riot, says Liz Truss, The Guardian (19 December 2016).
70. ^ Shaw, Danny (20 August 2018). “‘Crisis’ prison taken over by government”. BBC News. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
71. ^ Head of scandal-hit G4S detention
centres is put on administrative leave, The Guardian, Simon Hattenstone and Eric Allison, 15 September 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
72. ^ Canadian security firm GardaWorld raises G4S takeover offer to £3.7bn The Guardian 3 December 2020
73. ^
G4S agrees to £3.8bn takeover by US rival Allied Universal The Guardian 9 December 2020
74. ^ Allied bid wins G4S auction after long battle with GardaWorld Reuters 21 February 2021
75. ^ “Delistings”. www.g4s.com.
76. ^ “California security
company Allied Universal to hire hundreds in Central Florida”. Orlando Business Journal. 9 July 2020. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
77. ^ “People’s Post”. Archived from the original on 10 July 2013.
78. ^ “G4S Plans to Target IT, Infrastructure and
Hospitality Sectors”. Livemint. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
79. ^ “ProSecurityZone: G4S Monitoring and Response Gains New MD (G4S Secure Solutions (UK and Ireland))”. prosecurityzone.com. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 15 March
2015.
80. ^ “G4S Wins Major Ministry of Justice Integrated Facilities Services Contract”. infologue.com. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
81. ^ E-Mine Archived 10 July 2013 at archive.today
82. ^ “Security Oracle” Archived 10 November 2013 at the Wayback
Machine.
83. ^ “G4S Claims Improved Lincolnshire 999 Call Answer Times”. BBC News. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
84. ^ Jump up to:a b “G4S Annual Report 2012” Archived 19 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine. G4S.
85. ^ “SRA Calls Sudden Halt to Rail
Bids”. The Daily Telegraph. 8 February 2001.
86. ^ “Connex Bids for Welsh Franchise”. BBC News. 27 November 2000.
87. ^ “G4S contract to run sexual assault referral centres damned”. The Guardian. 24 May 2013. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
88. ^
“What Is G4S Doing in England’s NHS?”. Open Democracy. 15 July 2013. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
89. ^ “Anhaltelager Vordernberg: Ernst Strasser und die G4S”. Profil.At. 22 October 2013. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
90. ^ AgentZero. “Area 51 Camo
Dudes: Lethal Force Authorized”. Area51.org. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
91. ^ “British giant G4S eyes South Australian prison outsourcing contract”. Financial Review. 5 September 2018. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
92. ^ “Victoria Extends Port Phillip
Prison Contract”. Minister for Corrections. 11 January 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
93. ^ “G4S plc”. unglobalcompact.org. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
94. ^ “ADS Advance – G4S Launches Landmark Human Rights Policy”. adsadvance.co.uk. Retrieved
15 March 2015.
95. ^ “[PDF] Human Rights Policy”. business-humanrights.org. Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
96. ^ “G4S Signs Global Code of Conduct for Private Security Providers”.
97. ^ “G4S Wins at the
Corporate Engagement Awards 2012”. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
98. ^ “G4S 4Teen”. G4ssport.com. Archived from the original on 12 May 2011. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
99. ^ “London 2012 Olympics BMX World Champion Mariana Pajon Carries Colombian Hopes
into 2012”. The Daily Telegraph.
100. ^ “Born to Run Haile Gebrselassie Interview”. The Daily Telegraph.
101. ^ “Haile Gebrselassie G4S 4teen Runner Pauline Korikwiang on Trans World Sport Video” Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
First Post.
102. ^ “NFL Events: Combine Player Profiles – Margus Hunt”. National Football League. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
103. ^ Rawlinson, Kevin (22 August 2014). “Private Firms ‘Are Using Detained Immigrants as Cheap Labour'”. The Guardian.
Retrieved 22 August 2014.
104. ^ Youth academy steeped in sex, physical abuse, cover-ups, sheriff says, Miami Herald, Carol Marbin Miller, 18 August 2017. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
105. ^ Three former G4S employees arrested on felony charges Archived
27 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Fox 13, 18 August 2017. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
106. ^ Crestview youth detention facility director arrested, Northwest Florida Daily News, Tom McLaughlin, 19 August 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
107. ^
Managers at G4S-run Medway youth jail paid bonuses despite failings, The Guardian, Eric Allison & Simon Hattenstone, 21 October 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
108. ^ “G4S-Run Youth Jail Criticised over Degrading Treatment of Detainees”. The Guardian.
20 May 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
109. ^ Travis, Alan (23 May 2016). “G4S Police Control Room Staff Suspended over Claims of Bogus 999 Calls”. The Guardian. Retrieved 28 May 2016.
110. ^ Stolberg, Sheryl Gay; Pérez-Peña, Richard (14 June 2016).
“Orlando Shooting Survivors Cope with the Trauma of Good Fortune”. The New York Times. Retrieved 21 June 2016. The slaughter early Sunday left 49 victims dead, in addition to the gunman, and 53 wounded …More than 30 of the wounded remained in hospitals
on Tuesday, including at least six who were in critical condition.
111. ^ “Orlando Shooting Victims Arrived by ‘Truckloads,’ Doctor Says”. Chicago Tribune. 14 June 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2016. The slaughter early Sunday left 49 victims dead,
in addition to the gunman, and 53 wounded …More than 30 of the wounded remained in hospitals on Tuesday, including at least six who were in critical condition.
112. ^ G4S must pay for cost of Birmingham prison riot, says Liz Truss. The Guardian,
Alan Travis, 19 December 2016. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
Photo credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/photogramma1/3594967811/’]