j. k. rowling

 

  • [118] Rowling later said that writing the first Harry Potter book had saved her life and that her concerns about “love, loss, separation, death … are reflected in the first
    book”.

  • [228] Rowling also draws on the tradition of stories set in boarding schools, a major example of which is Thomas Hughes’s 1857 volume Tom Brown’s School Days.

  • The seven-year period that followed saw the death of her mother, the birth of her first child, divorce from her first husband, and relative poverty until the first novel in
    the series, Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, was published in 1997.

  • [167] After the UK Press Complaints Commission ruled that a magazine had breached Jessica’s privacy when the eight-year-old was included in a photograph of the family taken
    during that trip,[168][169] Murray and Rowling sought a more private and quiet place to live and work.

  • [209] Children’s stories Main articles: The Ickabog and The Christmas Pig The Ickabog was Rowling’s first book aimed at children since Harry Potter.

  • [11] Barry Cunningham, who ran the children’s literature department at Bloomsbury Publishing, bought it,[122] after Nigel Newton, who headed Bloomsbury at the time, saw his
    eight-year-old daughter finish one chapter and want to keep reading.

  • [2] Staff at Bloomsbury Publishing asked that she use two initials rather than her full name, anticipating that young boys – their target audience – would not want to read
    a book written by a woman.

  • [40] She says she was not allowed to have a housekey and that her husband used the growing manuscript of her first book as a hostage.

  • [11][40] By this time, Rowling had finished the first three chapters of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone – almost as they were eventually published – and had drafted
    the rest of the novel.

  • [202] Later Harry Potter works Main articles: Pottermore and Harry Potter and the Cursed Child For the material written for Comic Relief and other charities, see § Philanthropy.

  • [85] At the time, she was writing Harry Potter and had never told her mother about it.

  • [129] According to her biographer Sean Smith, the publicity became effective marketing for Harry Potter,[129] but her journey from living on benefits to wealth brought, along
    with fame, concerns from parents about the books’ portrayals of the occult and gender.

  • [11] Sean Harris, her best friend in the Upper Sixth, owned a turquoise Ford Anglia that provided an escape from her difficult home life and the means for Harris and Rowling
    to broaden their activities.

  • [77] Inspiration and mother’s death After university, Rowling moved to a flat in Clapham Junction with friends,[78] and took a course to become a bilingual secretary.

  • [63] Rowling later said “home was a difficult place to be”,[64] and that her teenage years were unhappy.

  • [183] It was Rowling’s first since Harry Potter ended, and her first book for adults.

  • [6] Life and career Early life and family Rowling’s parents met on a train from King’s Cross station; her portal to the magical world is Platform 9 at King’s Cross.

  • [141] Two years later, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince was released in July, again selling millions of copies on the first day.

  • Harry Potter and the Cursed Child at the Palace Theatre in the West End Pottermore, a website with information and stories about characters in the Harry Potter universe, launched
    in 2011.

  • [120] Following an enthusiastic report from an early reader,[121] Christopher Little Literary Agency agreed to represent Rowling.

  • [52] With the end of the relationship with her boyfriend, and “being made redundant from an office job in Manchester”, Rowling described herself as being in a state of “fight
    or flight”.

  • [150] The film series concluded with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, which was adapted in two parts; part one was released on 19 November 2010,[151] and part two followed
    on 15 July 2011.

  • [182] Adult fiction and Robert Galbraith Main articles: The Casual Vacancy, The Casual Vacancy (miniseries), Cormoran Strike, and Strike (TV series) In mid-2011, Rowling left
    Christopher Little Literary Agency and followed her agent Neil Blair to the Blair Partnership.

  • [114] Still needing money and expecting to make a living by teaching,[115] Rowling began a teacher training course in August 1995 at Moray House School of Education[116][a]
    after completing her first novel.

  • [28] Joanne’s first attempt at writing, a story called “Rabbit” composed when she was six, was inspired by Scarry’s creatures.

  • [66][h] Living in a small town with pressures at home, Rowling became more interested in her school work.

  • [79] She began writing adult novels while working as a temp, although they were never published.

  • [4] Following her 2001 remarriage,[5] she has sometimes used the name Joanne Murray when conducting personal business.

  • [70][71] Rowling always wanted to be a writer,[72] but chose to study French and the classics at the University of Exeter for practical reasons, influenced by her parents
    who thought job prospects would be better with evidence of bilingualism.

  • [153] The first film of five, a prequel to the Harry Potter series, set roughly 70 years earlier, was released in November 2016.

  • [143] Films Main article: Harry Potter (film series) Bus promoting Deathly Hallows – Part 2, 2011 In 1999, Warner Bros. purchased film rights to the first two Harry Potter
    novels for a reported $1 million.

  • [31] Rowling sought government assistance and got £69 (US$103) per week from Social Security; not wanting to burden her recently married sister, she moved to a flat that she
    described as mouse-ridden.

  • [189] Rowling later said she enjoyed working as Robert Galbraith,[190] a name she took from Robert F. Kennedy, a personal hero, and Ella Galbraith, a name she invented for
    herself in childhood.

  • Its brand was associated with Rowling: she introduced the site in a video as a shared media environment to which she and Harry Potter fans would contribute.

  • [73] She later stated that Exeter was not initially what she expected (“to be among lots of similar people – thinking radical thoughts”) but that she enjoyed herself after
    she met more people like her.

  • She wrote Harry Potter, a seven-volume children’s fantasy series published from 1997 to 2007.

  • Six sequels followed, and by 2008, Forbes had named her the world’s highest-paid author.

  • [40][123] Rowling recalls Cunningham telling her, “You’ll never make any money out of children’s books, Jo.

  • [100] Rowling has spoken of an estrangement from her father, stating in an interview with Oprah Winfrey that “It wasn’t a good relationship from my point of view for a very
    long time but I had a need to please and I kept that going for a long time and then there … just came a point at which I had to pull up and say I can’t do this anymore.

  • [144][145] Rowling accepted the offer with the provision that the studio only produce Harry Potter films based on books she authored,[146] while retaining the right to final
    script approval,[147] and some control over merchandising.

  • [206] In April 2023 it was announced that the Harry Potter television series on Max streaming service will feature a season dedicated to each of the seven Harry Potter books,
    with Rowling as executive producer.

  • [184] A contemporary take on 19th-century British fiction about village life,[185] Casual Vacancy was promoted as a black comedy,[186] while the critic Ian Parker described
    it as a “rural comedy of manners”.

  • [n] She began attending a Church of Scotland congregation, where Jessica was christened, around the time she was writing Harry Potter.

  • [238] Paintings move and talk; books bite readers; letters shout messages; and maps show live journeys,[237][239] making the wizarding world “both exotic and cosily familiar”
    according to the scholar Catherine Butler.

  • Born in Yate, Gloucestershire, Rowling was working as a researcher and bilingual secretary for Amnesty International in 1990 when she conceived the idea for the Harry Potter
    series while on a delayed train from Manchester to London.

  • [59] Steve Eddy, her first secondary school English teacher, remembers her as “not exceptional” but “one of a group of girls who were bright, and quite good at English”.

  • [11][99] In late 1993, with a draft of Harry Potter in her suitcase,[31] Rowling moved with her daughter to Edinburgh, Scotland,[8] planning to stay with her sister until
    Christmas.

  • [152] Warner Bros. announced an expanded relationship with Rowling in 2013, including a planned series of films about her character Newt Scamander, fictitious author of Fantastic
    Beasts and Where to Find Them.

  • [31] Rowling took A-levels in English, French and German, achieving two As and a B and was named head girl at Wyedean.

  • “[63] Pete had married his secretary within two years of Anne’s death,[101] and The Scotsman reported in 2003 that “[t]he speed of his decision to move in with his secretary
    … distressed both sisters and a fault-line now separated them and their father.

  • [205][206] Cursed Child’s script was published as a book in July 2016.

  • [52] She often wrote in cafés,[111] including Nicolson’s, part-owned by her brother-in-law.

  • [130] Rowling received the news that the US rights were being auctioned at the Bologna Children’s Book Fair.

  • [164] Rowling has stated that she believes in God,[165] but has experienced doubt,[166] and that her struggles with faith play a part in her books.

  • [226] Rowling expresses admiration for Lewis, in whose writing battles between good and evil are also prominent, but rejects any connection with Dahl.

  • [227] Earlier works prominently featuring characters who learn to use magic include Le Guin’s Earthsea series, in which a school of wizardry also appears, and the Chrestomanci
    books by Jones.

  • “[124] Rowling was awarded a writer’s grant by the Scottish Arts Council[l] to support her childcare costs and finances before Philosopher’s Stone’s publication, and to aid
    in writing the sequel, Chamber of Secrets.

  • [33] Biographer Sean Smith describes her teacher as a “battleaxe”[34] who “struck fear into the hearts of the children”;[35] she seated Rowling in “dunces’ row” after she
    performed poorly on an arithmetic test.

  • [249] According to Maria Nikolajeva, Christian imagery is particularly strong in the final scenes of the series: she writes that Harry dies in self-sacrifice and Voldemort
    delivers an ecce homo speech, after which Harry is resurrected and defeats his enem

  • [86] Her mother’s death heavily affected Rowling’s writing.

  • [52] Her biographer Sean Smith raises the question of why Rowling chose to stay with her sister rather than her father.

  • [203][204] Harry Potter and the Cursed Child premiered in the West End in May 2016[205] and on Broadway in July.

  • [40] Her marriage had failed, and she was jobless with a dependent child, but she later described this as “liberating” her to focus on writing.

  • [224] According to the critic Beatrice Groves, Harry Potter is also “rooted in the Western literary tradition”, including the classics.

  • [41] She later described herself during this period as “the epitome of a bookish child – short and squat, thick National Health glasses, living in a world of complete daydreams”.

  • [82] Having no pen or paper allowed her to fully explore the characters and their story in her imagination before she reached her flat and began to write.

  • Five months after arriving in Porto, Rowling met the Portuguese television journalist Jorge Arantes in a bar and found that they shared an interest in Jane Austen.

  • [213] She began writing it in 2009 but set it aside to focus on other works including Casual Vacancy.

  • [139] When Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix had not appeared by 2002, rumours circulated that Rowling was suffering writer’s block.

  • [87] She later said that the Mirror of Erised is about her mother’s death,[88] and noted an “evident parallelism” between Harry confronting his own mortality and her life.

 

Works Cited

[‘1. Moray House was then part of Heriot-Watt University and later became part of the University of Edinburgh.[116]
2. ^ Sources differ on the precise name of Rowling’s place of birth. As of January 2022, Rowling’s personal website said she was
born at “Yate General Hospital near Bristol”.[8] She has sometimes said she was born in Chipping Sodbury, which is near Yate.[9] Tison Pugh says she was born in Chipping Sodbury General Hospital.[10] The Scotsman lists Cottage Hospital in Chipping
Sodbury.[11] Biographer Smith describes Chipping Sodbury as “Yate’s elegant neighbor”, and reproduces a birth certificate that says District Sodbury, but lists the hospital as Cottage Hospital, 240 Station Road, Yate.[12] According to Smith: “…
the [BBC Television] documentary still erroneously claimed that Joanne was born in Chipping Sodbury. Yet despite the mistake, the good folk of Yate are pressing for some kind of plaque or feature in their town to record it as her place of birth.”[13]
3. ^
St Michael’s Primary School headmaster, Alfred Dunn, has been suggested as the inspiration for the Harry Potter headmaster Albus Dumbledore;[23] biographer Smith writes that Rowling’s father, and other figures in her education, provide more likely
examples.[24]
4. ^ Rowling denies that her young playmate Ian Potter represents Harry.[25]
5. ^ Smith describes Tutshill as “staunchly middle class”,[30] and Parker describes Church Cottage as a “handsome Gothic Revival cottage”.[31] In 2020,
it was reported that a company listing Rowling’s husband, Neil Murray, as director had purchased Church Cottage and renovations were underway.[32]
6. ^ Pugh writes that “Rowling reportedly modeled the strict pedagogical style of Severus Snape after
[Sylvia] Morgan’s methods.”[10] Kirk states that “Jo has admitted modeling Professor Snape on a few of her most memorable and least favorite people from her past, and she has said that Mrs. Morgan … was definitely one of them.”[37] According to
Smith, “Aspects of Mrs Morgan’s fearsome character are embodied in the Hogwarts’ Potions master, Professor Severus Snape.”[38]
7. ^ Smith compares the place meals held in the Rowling household[55] and the descriptions of food in The Little White
Horse to the elaborate food prepared for Hogwarts pupils.[56]
8. ^ Rowling later described Harris as her “getaway driver and foul weather friend”; his Anglia inspired a flying version that appeared in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets as a
symbol of escape and rescue.[67][68]
9. ^ Pugh writes, “In a droll allusion to this ill-fated union, Professor Trelawney warns Lavender Brown, ‘Incidentally, that thing you are dreading – it will happen on Friday the sixteenth of October’.”[40]
10. ^
Rowling says that Jessica was named after Mitford and a boy would have been named Harry; according to Smith (2002), Arantes says that Jessica was named after Jezebel from the Bible.[94]
11. ^ The depression inspired the Dementors – soul-sucking
creatures introduced in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban.[108]
12. ^ The Scottish Arts Council grant was after Rowling had a contract for publication of Philosopher’s Stone but before it was published.[125]
13. ^ According to Errington,
500 hardbacks and 5,150 paperbacks “were published on the same date and neither has bibliographical priority”. It was previously believed that the initial print run was 500 copies total, but this number is “woefully inaccurate”.[128]
14. ^ Smith
writes that the Rowling sisters “never attended Sunday school or services”,[162] and Parker writes that the other Rowling family members were not regular churchgoers, but that “Rowling regularly attended services in the church next door”.[31]
15. ^
Attributed to multiple sources – Goblet of Fire,[270] Order of the Phoenix,[271] Half-Blood Prince, and Deathly Hallows[272]
16. ^ While noting the prevalent view that Harry Potter catalysed this change, the critic Rachel Falconer also credits socio-economic
factors. In her view, Rowling’s success is part of “a larger cultural change in contemporary Western society which accords greater weight and value to the signifier, the ‘child’, than in previous decades”.[326]
17. ^ The original Harry Potter
prequel manuscript was stolen in 2017.[389]
18. ^ The UK laws and proposed changes are the Gender Recognition Act 2004, the Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill and the related Equality Act 2010.[412][413][414]
19. ^ A tribunal ruled in 2021
that Forstater’s gender-critical views were protected under the 2010 UK Equality Act.[425][426] In July 2022, a new tribunal decision was published (Forstater v Center for Global Development Europe) ruling that Forstater had suffered direct discrimination
from her employer.[427]
20. ^ Daniel Radcliffe, Emma Watson, Rupert Grint,[434] Eddie Redmayne[433] and others expressed support for the transgender community in reaction to Rowling’s comments;[435][436] Helena Bonham Carter,[437] Robbie Coltrane,[438]
and Ralph Fiennes supported Rowling.[434]
21. Smith 2002, p. 241.
22. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Kirk 2003, p. 76.
23. ^ Kirk 2003, p. 12.
24. ^ Smith 2002, p. 175.
25. ^ Jump up to:a b c Smith 2002, pp. 271–273.
26. ^ “Judge rules against
JK Rowling in privacy case”. The Guardian. 7 August 2007. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
27. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 1, 39, 224.
28. ^ Jump up to:a b c “About”. JK Rowling. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
29. ^ Kirk 2003, pp. 11–12.
30. ^ Jump up to:a b
c d e f g h i Pugh 2020, p. 2.
31. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j “The JK Rowling story”. The Scotsman. 16 June 2003. Archived from the original on 23 June 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
32. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 4–6.
33. ^ Smith 2002, p. 271.
34. ^
Kirk 2003, p. 10.
35. ^ Jump up to:a b c Smith 2002, p. 2.
36. ^ Jump up to:a b c “Biography”. JK Rowling. Archived from the original on 26 December 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
37. ^ Smith 2002, p. 4.
38. ^ Smith 2002, p. 8.
39. ^ Smith
2002, pp. 8, 23, 72.
40. ^ Jump up to:a b Smith 2002, pp. 53–54.
41. ^ Smith 2002, p. 79.
42. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 7–8.
43. ^ Kirk 2003, p. 28.
44. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 19, 27–32, 51–52.
45. ^ Jump up to:a b Smith 2002, pp. 22, 29, 109.
46. ^
Smith 2002, pp. 9–10, 39.
47. ^ Smith 2002, p. 10.
48. ^ Jump up to:a b c Pugh 2020, p. 6.
49. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 22, 25–27, 39.
50. ^ Smith 2002, p. 25.
51. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m Parker, Ian (24 September 2012). “Mugglemarch:
J.K. Rowling writes a realist novel for adults”. The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 30 July 2014. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
52. ^ “Harry Potter: JK Rowling secretly buys childhood home”. BBC News. 14 April 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
53. ^
Smith 2002, p. 27.
54. ^ Smith 2002, p. 28.
55. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 27–30.
56. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 28–30.
57. ^ Kirk 2003, p. 31.
58. ^ Smith 2002, p. 21.
59. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 36–38.
60. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i Pugh 2020, p. 3.
61. ^
Kirk 2003, p. 37.
62. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 40–41.
63. ^ Kirk 2003, p. 33. The years of British secondary school are equivalent to the United States grades of 6–12; Kirk compares them to the seven years of the books in the Harry Potter series.
64. ^
Kirk 2003, p. 39.
65. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 66–67.
66. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 56–58.
67. ^ Kirk 2003, p. 36.
68. ^ Jump up to:a b Smith 2002, p. 54.
69. ^ Smith 2002, p. 61.
70. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 55–56.
71. ^ Smith 2002, p. 62.
72. ^ Jump up
to:a b c d e f Fraser, Lindsay (9 November 2002). “Harry and me”. The Scotsman. Archived from the original on 9 June 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
73. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 12–13.
74. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 16–17.
75. ^ Smith 2002, p. 17.
76. ^ Smith
2002, p. 45.
77. ^ Smith 2002, p. 38.
78. ^ Kirk 2003, p. 35.
79. ^ Jump up to:a b c Kirk 2003, p. 40.
80. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 71, 74.
81. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 74–75.
82. ^ Smith 2002, p. xii.
83. ^ Jump up to:a b c Pugh 2020, p. 4.
84. ^
Smith 2002, p. 72.
85. ^ Jump up to:a b c d “J.K. Rowling writes about her reasons for speaking out on sex and gender issues”. JK Rowling. 10 June 2020. Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
86. ^ Smith 2002, pp.
76–78.
87. ^ Pugh 2020, p. 9.
88. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 77–78.
89. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 79–81.
90. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 80–81.
91. ^ Kirk 2003, p. 42.
92. ^ Smith 2002, p. 90.
93. ^ Kirk 2003, p. 44.
94. ^ Kirk 2003, pp. 44–45.
95. ^ Smith
2002, pp. 89–90.
96. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 95–97.
97. ^ Smith 2002, p. 97.
98. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 104–5 says Clapham; Kirk 2003, p. 49 says Clapham but p. 67 says Clapham Junction. Rowling tweeted in 2020 that she first put pen to paper in Clapham
Junction. Minelle, Bethany (22 May 2020). “JK Rowling reveals Harry Potter’s true birthplace: Clapham Junction”. Sky News. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
99. ^ Pugh 2020, pp. 2–3.
100. ^ Kirk 2003, p. 51.
101. ^ Jump up to:a b Kirk 2003, pp. 66–67.
102. ^
Loer, Stephanie (18 October 1999). “All about Harry Potter from Quidditch to the future of the Sorting Hat”. The Boston Globe. p. C7. ProQuest 405306485.
103. ^ Smith 2002, p. 108.
104. ^ Smith 2002, p. 106.
105. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 109–110.
106. ^
Greig, Geordie (10 January 2006). “‘There would be so much to tell her …'”. The Daily Telegraph. p. 25. ProQuest 321301864.
107. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 109–112.
108. ^ Smith 2002, p. 111.
109. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Cruz 2008.
110. ^ Smith 2002,
pp. 114–116.
111. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 121–122.
112. ^ Smith 2002, p. 127.
113. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 127–131.
114. ^ Smith 2002, p. 132.
115. ^ Kirk 2003, p. 70.
116. ^ Kirk 2003, p. 57: “Soon, by many eyewitness accounts and even some versions
of Jorge’s own story, domestic violence became a painful reality in Jo’s life.”.
117. ^ “JK Rowling: Sun newspaper criticised by abuse charities for article on ex-husband”. BBC News. 12 June 2020. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved
12 June 2020.
118. ^ Rawlinson, Kevin (22 February 2023). “JK Rowling reveals abuse in past relationship”. The Guardian. Archived from the original on 22 February 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
119. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 133–134.
120. ^ Smith
2002, pp. 136–137.
121. ^ Jump up to:a b Smith 2002, p. 136.
122. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 138–139.
123. ^ Jump up to:a b Rowling, JK (June 2008). “JK Rowling: The fringe benefits of failure”. TED. Archived from the original on 30 April 2011. Retrieved
5 March 2011. Failure & imagination
124. ^ Jump up to:a b Smith 2002, p. 140.
125. ^ Smith 2002, p. 141.
126. ^ Smith 2002, p. 142.
127. ^ Jump up to:a b Kirk 2003, p. 60.
128. ^ Chaundy, Bob (18 February 2003). “Harry Potter’s magician”.
BBC News. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
129. ^ Smith 2002, p. 144.
130. ^ Smith 2002, p. 150.
131. ^ Kirk 2003, pp. 55, 60.
132. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 144–146.
133. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 147–148.
134. ^ Smith 2002, p. 149.
135. ^ Smith 2002, p.
173.
136. ^ Jump up to:a b Smith 2002, pp. 148–149.
137. ^ Anelli 2008, p. 44.
138. ^ Smith 2002, p. 174.
139. ^ Anelli 2008, pp. 41, 47.
140. ^ Smith 2002, p. 152.
141. ^ Anelli 2008, p. 43.
142. ^ Kirk 2003, p. 75.
143. ^ Lawless,
John (3 July 2005). “Revealed: The eight-year-old girl who saved Harry Potter”. The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 6 October 2011.
144. ^ Smith 2002, p. 162.
145. ^ Jump up to:a b Smith 2002, p.
176.
146. ^ Kirk 2003, pp. 62, 76, 119.
147. ^ Errington 2017, pp. 1–2, 7–8.
148. ^ Errington 2017, pp. 7–8.
149. ^ Jump up to:a b c Smith 2002, pp. 187–188.
150. ^ Jump up to:a b c Hahn 2015, pp. 264–266.
151. ^ Mamary 2020, pp. 1–3.
152. ^
Kirk 2003, p. 77.
153. ^ Eccleshare 2002, p. 13.
154. ^ Kirk 2003, p. 79.
155. ^ Anelli 2008, pp. 50, 58–59.
156. ^ “Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone”. Kirkus Reviews. 1 September 1998. Archived from the original on 14 December 2013.
Retrieved 14 December 2013.
157. ^ Anelli 2008, pp. 60–61.
158. ^ Anelli 2008, p. 63.
159. ^ Whited 2002, p. 2.
160. ^ Whited 2002, p. 5.
161. ^ Kirkpatrick, David D. (23 June 2003). “New ‘Harry Potter’ book sells 5 million on first day”.
The New York Times. Archived from the original on 27 May 2015. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
162. ^ Wyatt, Edward (18 July 2005). “Harry Potter book sets record in first day”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 May 2015. Retrieved
31 January 2022.
163. ^ Rich, Motoko (23 July 2007). “Harry Potter’s popularity holds up in early sales”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 5 March 2008. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
164. ^ Gunelius 2008, pp. 8, 37.
165. ^ Jump
up to:a b Smith 2002, p. 210.
166. ^ Anelli 2008, pp. 66–68.
167. ^ Kirk 2003, p. 94.
168. ^ Bradshaw, Peter (28 October 2021). “Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone review – 20 years on, it’s a nostalgic spectacular”. The Guardian. Retrieved
13 January 2022.
169. ^ Lyall, Sarah (12 November 2010). “A screenwriter’s Hogwarts decade”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 August 2011. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
170. ^ Sragow, Michael (15 November 2001). “The wizard behind
‘Harry'”. The Baltimore Sun. p. 1E. ProQuest 406491574.
171. ^ Barnes, Brooks (21 November 2010). “‘Harry Potter’ has $330 million debut weekend”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 November 2010. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
172. ^
Barnes, Brooks (17 July 2011). “Millions of Muggles propel Potter film at box office”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
173. ^ Cieply, Michael (12 September 2013). “Warner and J.K. Rowling
Reach Wide-Ranging Deal”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 September 2013. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
174. ^ “JK Rowling plans five Fantastic Beasts films”. BBC News. 14 October 2016. Archived from the original on 24 November
2016.
175. ^ Cain, Sian (25 November 2016). “The screenplay of Fantastic Beasts is a rare miss for the wizarding world”. The Guardian. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
176. ^ Dargis, Manohla (8 November 2018). “‘Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald’
review: apocalypse too soon”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 9 November 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
177. ^ Jump up to:a b Crouch, Aaron (22 September 2021). “‘Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore’ sets new 2022 release
date”. The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 22 September 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
178. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 218–222.
179. ^ Smith 2002, p. 222.
180. ^ Jump up to:a b Nelson, Michael (31 January 2002). “Fantasia: The Gospel
According to C.S. Lewis”. The American Prospect. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
181. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 25–27, 76.
182. ^ Smith 2002, p. 76.
183. ^ Weeks, Linton (20 October 1999). “Charmed, I’m sure; the enchanting success story of Harry Potter’s
creator, J.K. Rowling”. The Washington Post. p. C01. ProQuest 408532236.
184. ^ Presenter: Mark Lawson (27 September 2012). “J. K. Rowling”. Front Row. Event occurs at 17:45. BBC Radio 4. Archived from the original on 1 October 2012. Retrieved 27
September 2012.
185. ^ Jump up to:a b Kirk 2003, p. 105.
186. ^ Hale, Mike (16 July 2009). “The woman behind the boy wizard”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
187. ^ Kirk 2003, p. 113.
188. ^
Holmes 2015, p. 203.
189. ^ “Adjudicated complaints: J K Rowling”. Press Complaints Commission. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
190. ^ Smith 2002, pp. 261–262, 266–267.
191. ^ “Hogwarts hideaway for Potter author”. The Scotsman. 22 November 2001.
Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
192. ^ “Baby joy for JK Rowling”. BBC News. 24 March 2003. Archived from the original on 1 February 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2010.
193. ^ “News: JKR gives birth to baby girl”.
JK Rowling. 25 January 2005. Archived from the original on 12 January 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
194. ^ Watson, Julie; Kellner, Tomas (26 February 2004). “J.K. Rowling and the billion-dollar empire”. Forbes. Archived from the original on 29
July 2017. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
195. ^ Couric, Katie (18 July 2005). “J.K. Rowling, the author with the magic touch”. NBC News. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
196. ^ Jump up to:a b “J.K. Rowling: billionaire
to millionaire”. The New Zealand Herald. 12 March 2012. Archived from the original on 7 June 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
197. ^ “Rowling ‘makes £5 every second'”. BBC News. 3 October 2008. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
198. ^ “JK Rowling
named world’s highest-earning author by Forbes”. BBC News. 4 August 2017. Archived from the original on 2 October 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2017.
199. ^ Cuccinello, Hayley C.; Shapiro, Ariel (20 December 2019). “Worlds highest-paid authors 2019:
J.K. Rowling back on top with $92 million”. Forbes. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
200. ^ Farr, Emma-Victoria (3 October 2012). “J.K. Rowling: Casual Vacancy tops fiction charts”. The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 4 October 2012. Retrieved
4 October 2012.
201. ^ “JK Rowling net worth – Sunday Times Rich List 2021”. The Sunday Times. 21 May 2021. Archived from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
202. ^ Hills, Megan C. (7 May 2020). “JK Rowling net worth 2020:
How much the Harry Potter author earns and donates to charity”. Evening Standard. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
203. ^ “Review: ‘The Casual Vacancy'”. Publishers Weekly. 27 September 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
204. ^ “JK Rowling announces
The Casual Vacancy as title of first book for adults”. The Guardian. Press Association. 12 April 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
205. ^ Pugh 2020, pp. 114–115.
206. ^ Pugh 2020, p. 110.
207. ^ Frost, Vicky (28 January 2015). “Could the BBC/HBO
adaptation of JK Rowling’s The Casual Vacancy be an improvement on the book?”. The Guardian. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
208. ^ Brooks, Richard (14 July 2013). “Whodunnit? J. K. Rowling’s secret life as a wizard crime writer revealed”. The Sunday
Times. p. 1. Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
209. ^ Jump up to:a b Lyall, Sarah (14 July 2013). “This detective novel’s story doesn’t add up”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 January 2017.
Retrieved 13 June 2020.
210. ^ Watts, Robert (13 July 2013). “JK Rowling unmasked as author of acclaimed detective novel”. The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
211. ^ Pugh 2020, p. 116.
212. ^
Jump up to:a b Meikle, James (18 July 2013). “JK Rowling directs anger at lawyers after secret identity revealed”. The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
213. ^ Jump up to:a b Errington 2017, p. 592.
214. ^
Jump up to:a b Errington 2017, p. 618.
215. ^ Jump up to:a b “Lethal White: JK Rowling reveals Strike release date”. BBC News. 10 July 2018. Archived from the original on 27 October 2018. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
216. ^ Rodger, James (19 February
2020). “JK Rowling announces fifth Cormoran Strike novel Troubled Blood under pseudonym Robert Galbraith”. Birmingham Mail. Archived from the original on 20 June 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
217. ^ Kerridge, Jake (27 August 2022). “The Ink Black
Heart by Robert Galbraith review: JK Rowling’s Strike faces the social media trolls”. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
218. ^ Molin 2015, pp. 15–18.
219. ^ Pugh 2020, pp. 117–118.
220. ^ Fullerton, How (24 August 2017). “When
is Strike: The Cuckoo’s Calling on TV?”. Radio Times. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
221. ^ Carr, Fiora (13 September 2020). “Will there be another series of Strike?”. Radio Times. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
222. ^ Andreeva, Nellie (26 October 2016).
“HBO picks up ‘Cormoran Strike’ crama based on J.K. Rowling’s crime novels”. Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on 12 January 2017.
223. ^ Brummitt 2016, pp. 112, 114–115.
224. ^ Flood, Alison (23 June 2011). “Pottermore website
launched by JK Rowling as ‘give-back’ to fans”. The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2011.
225. ^ Jump up to:a b c Brummitt & Sellars 2019, pp. 108–111.
226. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Sulcas, Roslyn (21 February
2018). “How much magic can ‘Harry Potter and the Cursed Child’ make on Broadway?”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 21 February 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
227. ^ Babington, Deepa; Maguire, Francis (30 July 2016). “J.K. Rowling
bids farewell to Harry Potter at ‘Cursed Child’ gala”. Reuters. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
228. ^ Birch 2016, pp. 96–97.
229. ^ Otterson, Joe (12 April 2023). “‘Harry Potter’ series adaptation officially ordered at HBO Max, will feature entirely
new cast”. Variety. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
230. ^ Jump up to:a b “JK Rowling’s The Ickabog child illustrators chosen for book”. BBC News. 10 November 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
231. ^ Quealy-Gainer 2020.
232. ^ Lyall, Sarah (5 December
2020). “J.K. Rowling’s new non-Potter children’s book”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
233. ^ Jump up to:a b Flood, Alison (26 May 2020). “JK Rowling announces new children’s book,
The Ickabog, to be published free online”. The Guardian. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
234. ^ Jump up to:a b “J.K. Rowling’s new children’s book The Ickabog features illustrations from 9 Canadian kids”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 24 November
2020. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
235. ^ Jump up to:a b “JK Rowling donates money for COVID-19 relief work in India”. Times of India. 14 May 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
236. ^ Seymour, Miranda (12 October 2021). “In J.K. Rowling’s latest fantasy
novel, pigs do fly”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 October 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
237. ^ Jump up to:a b “The Christmas Pig”. Kirkus Reviews. 21 October 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
238. ^ O’Brien, Kiera (19
October 2021). “Rowling’s Christmas Pig jingles all the way to number one”. The Bookseller. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
239. ^ Egan, Elisabeth (2 December 2021). “Veteran authors and mistletoe descend on the best-seller list”. The New York Times.
Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
240. ^ Rowling, J. K. (26 November 2006). “The first It girl”. The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 19 October 2016. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
241. ^ Nel 2001,
p. 9.
242. ^ Hopkins 2016, p. 55.
243. ^ Groves 2017, p. xiii.
244. ^ Groves 2017, p. xii.
245. ^ Groves 2017, pp. x, xii.
246. ^ Groves 2017, p. xii; Berberich 2015, pp. 151–154; Pinsent 2002, p. 28.
247. ^ Pinsent 2002, p. 28.
248. ^
Jump up to:a b Pinsent 2002, pp. 27–30.
249. ^ Nikolajeva 2008, pp. 229–233.
250. ^ Pinsent 2002, p. 27.
251. ^ Alton 2008, pp. 211–214.
252. ^ Pugh 2020, pp. 11, 20.
253. ^ Pugh 2020, p. 107.
254. ^ Jump up to:a b c Pharr 2016, p. 10.
255. ^
Alton 2008, p. 211.
256. ^ Pugh 2020, pp. 114–116.
257. ^ Jump up to:a b Natov 2002, p. 129.
258. ^ Butler 2012, pp. 233–234.
259. ^ Jump up to:a b Butler 2012, p. 234.
260. ^ Park 2003, p. 183.
261. ^ Natov 2002, p. 130.
262. ^ Jump
up to:a b Nikolajeva 2008, p. 233.
263. ^ Ostry 2003, p. 97.
264. ^ Ostry 2003, pp. 90, 97–98.
265. ^ Alton 2008, p. 216.
266. ^ Gallardo & Smith 2003, p. 195.
267. ^ Singer 2016, pp. 26–27.
268. ^ Farmer 2001, p. 58.
269. ^ Farmer 2001,
p. 55.
270. ^ Nikolajeva 2008, pp. 238–239.
271. ^ Ciaccio 2008, pp. 39–40.
272. ^ Groves 2017, pp. xxi–xxii, 135–136.
273. ^ Jump up to:a b Natov 2002, pp. 134–136.
274. ^ Taub & Servaty-Seib 2008, pp. 23–27.
275. ^ Pharr 2016, pp. 20–21.
276. ^
Jump up to:a b Los 2008, pp. 32–33.
277. ^ Stojilkov 2015, p. 135.
278. ^ Pharr 2016, pp. 14–15, 20–21.
279. ^ Jump up to:a b Schanoes 2003, pp. 131–132.
280. ^ McEvoy 2016, p. 207.
281. ^ Doughty 2002, pp. 247–249; McEvoy 2016, pp. 207,
211–213; Berberich 2016, p. 153.
282. ^ Doughty 2002, pp. 247–249.
283. ^ Birch 2008, pp. 110–113.
284. ^ Nikolajeva 2016, p. 204.
285. ^ Applebaum 2008, pp. 84–85.
286. ^ Whited 2002, pp. 1–3.
287. ^ Gupta 2009, p. 17.
288. ^ Jump up
to:a b Marsick 2023.
289. ^ Anatol 2003, pp. ix–x.
290. ^ Beckett 2008, p. 114: “The Goblet of Fire was the fastest-selling book in history.”.
291. ^ Grenby 2016, p. 1: “Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2003) was the fastest selling
book in UK history (5 million copies in one day)”.
292. ^ Falconer 2008, p. 16: “Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince … broke records as the fastest selling book in history, selling nine million copies on its first day in July 2005. The final
volume went even further and broke sales records on both sides of the Atlantic, selling eleven million copies in its first 24 hours.”.
293. ^ Pugh 2020, pp. 107–108, 122–123.
294. ^ Stone, Philip (9 October 2012). “Casual Vacancy keeps pole position”.
The Bookseller. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
295. ^ Levy & Mendlesohn 2016, pp. 166, 168–169.
296. ^ Eccleshare 2002, pp. 106, 108.
297. ^ Eccleshare 2002, p. 106.
298. ^ Jump up to:a b Westman 2006, “The critical response”.
299. ^ Jump up
to:a b Nel 2001, pp. 59–60.
300. ^ Bloom, Harold (11 July 2000). “Can 35 million book buyers be wrong? Yes”. The Wall Street Journal. p. A26. ProQuest 1931451165.
301. ^ Teare 2002, pp. 332–333.
302. ^ Zipes 2013, pp. 176–177.
303. ^ Sunderland,
Dempster & Thistlethwaite 2016, p. 35.
304. ^ Byatt, A. S. (7 July 2003). “Harry Potter and the childish adult”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 17 April 2009. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
305. ^ Hensher, Philip (25 January 2000).
“Harry Potter, give me a break”. The Independent. p. 1. ProQuest 311572655.
306. ^ Pharr 2016, p. 15.
307. ^ Whited 2015, pp. 64–65.
308. ^ Pugh 2020, p. 115.
309. ^ Pugh 2020, pp. 122–123.
310. ^ Pugh 2020, pp. 94–98.
311. ^ Heilman &
Donaldson 2008, pp. 139–141; Pugh & Wallace 2006; Eberhardt 2017.
312. ^ Pugh & Wallace 2006; Eccleshare 2002, pp. 84–87; Gallardo & Smith 2003, p. 191.
313. ^ Heilman & Donaldson 2008, pp. 139–141.
314. ^ Berents 2012, pp. 144–149.
315. ^
Heilman & Donaldson 2008, pp. 142–147.
316. ^ Bell & Alexander 2012, pp. 1–8.
317. ^ Pugh & Wallace 2006; Heilman & Donaldson 2008, pp. 149–155.
318. ^ Horne 2010, pp. 81–82.
319. ^ Barratt 2012, pp. 63, 67; Nel 2001, p. 44; Eccleshare 2002,
p. 78.
320. ^ Gupta 2009, p. 104; Guanio-Uluru 2015, p. 121; Nel 2001, pp. 43–45.
321. ^ Ostry 2003, pp. 95–98; Blake 2002, pp. 104–106; Gupta 2009, pp. 105–107; Mendlesohn 2002, pp. 176–177; Nikolajeva 2008, pp. 237–239.
322. ^ Gupta 2009,
pp. 105–107.
323. ^ Gupta 2009, pp. 108–110.
324. ^ Horne 2010, pp. 76–77.
325. ^ Carey 2003, pp. 105–107, 114; Horne 2010, p. 76
326. ^ Mendlesohn 2002, pp. 178–181; Horne 2010, p. 81.
327. ^ Pharr 2016, pp. 12–13.
328. ^ Barratt 2012,
p. 52.
329. ^ Dendle 2008, pp. 171–173; Horne 2010, pp. 96–97.
330. ^ Ostry 2003, pp. 95–98; Applebaum 2008, pp. 92–93; Heilman & Donaldson 2008, pp. 140–142; Horne 2010, pp. 96–97; Mendlesohn 2002, pp. 180–182.
331. ^ Gupta 2009, pp. 18–20.
332. ^
Jump up to:a b Cockrell 2006.
333. ^ Jump up to:a b McAvan 2012, pp. 100–103.
334. ^ Gupta 2009, p. 18.
335. ^ Foerstel 2002, pp. 180–188.
336. ^ Whited 2002, pp. 3–4.
337. ^ Guanio-Uluru 2015, pp. 85–86.
338. ^ Gibson 2007, pp. 187–190.
339. ^
Gibson 2007, pp. 188–190.
340. ^ Guanio-Uluru 2015, p. 85.
341. ^ Gibson 2007, pp. 192–193.
342. ^ Jump up to:a b Taub & Servaty-Seib 2008, pp. 15–17.
343. ^ Ciaccio 2008, pp. 33–37.
344. ^ Farmer 2001, p. 53.
345. ^ Beckett 2008, pp.
85, 111.
346. ^ Falconer 2010, p. 87.
347. ^ Westman 2011, p. 104.
348. ^ Beckett 2008, p. 111.
349. ^ Jump up to:a b Beckett 2008, p. 135.
350. ^ Eccleshare 2002, pp. 106–108.
351. ^ Stableford 2009, pp. xli, lx–lxi, 72.
352. ^ Levy
& Mendlesohn 2016, pp. 161–162.
353. ^ Stableford 2009, pp. 72–73.
354. ^ Stableford 2009, p. 73.
355. ^ Eccleshare 2002, pp. 108–109.
356. ^ Eccleshare 2002, pp. 105–106.
357. ^ Levy & Mendlesohn 2016, pp. 164–165.
358. ^ Levy & Mendlesohn
2016, p. 167.
359. ^ Levy & Mendlesohn 2016, pp. 168–170.
360. ^ Striphas 2009, pp. 158–159, 166–167.
361. ^ Mendlesohn & James 2012, p. 167.
362. ^ Eccleshare 2002, pp. 33–35.
363. ^ Eccleshare 2002, pp. 10–12.
364. ^ Mendlesohn & James
2012, pp. 165, 171.
365. ^ Mendlesohn & James 2012, p. 165.
366. ^ Anelli 2008, p. 69.
367. ^ Striphas 2009, pp. 146–148.
368. ^ Gupta 2009, p. 217.
369. ^ Duggan 2021.
370. ^ Thomas 2019, pp. 154–155.
371. ^ Tosenberger 2008, pp. 196,
199.
372. ^ Thomas 2019, p. 155.
373. ^ Tosenberger 2008, pp. 202–203.
374. ^ Jump up to:a b Baker 2010, pp. 225–40.
375. ^ Whited 2002, pp. 4–5.
376. ^ Pember & Calvert 2007, p. 597.
377. ^ Posner 2007, p. 8.
378. ^ Striphas 2009, pp.
161–166.
379. ^ Geist, Michael (18 July 2005). “Harry Potter and the amazing injunction”. Toronto Star. p. C3. ProQuest 438844169.
380. ^ Kirkpatrick, David D. (21 June 2003). “Publisher’s efforts to keep story’s secrets collide with free speech
concerns”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 3 November 2011. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
381. ^ Jenkins 2006, p. 186.
382. ^ Schwabach 2009, pp. 428–429.
383. ^ Schwabach 2009, p. 429.
384. ^ Askari, Emilia (15 January 2009).
“Potter guide reaches stores”. Detroit Free Press. p. 2 – via newspapers.com.
385. ^ Kirk 2003, pp. 113–115.
386. ^ Smith 2002, p. 234.
387. ^ “Elton John, JK Rowling top list of charitable UK celebrities in 2015”. EFE News Service. 17 April
2016. ProQuest 1781399093. Harry Potter author, JK Rowling, allocated around $14 million for the benefit of two NGOs; the Lumos Foundation, which aims to end the institutionalizing of children by 2050, and the Volant Charitable Trust, which funds
projects that alleviate social deprivation, as well as research into multiple sclerosis.
388. ^ Jump up to:a b “JK Rowling funds women-only rape help centre in Edinburgh”. BBC News. 12 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
389. ^ Jump up
to:a b c d e f Pugh 2020, pp. 5–6.
390. ^ “About us”. The Volant Charitable Trust. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
391. ^ “J K Rowling becomes President of One Parent Families”. The National Council for One Parent Families. 16 November 2004. Archived
from the original on 6 November 2007. Retrieved 20 October 2007.
392. ^ “Gordon’s women”. The Guardian. 13 May 2007. Archived from the original on 3 October 2014. Retrieved 20 October 2007.
393. ^ “Our history”. Lumos. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
394. ^
Green, Alex (1 March 2022). “JK Rowling launches appeal for children trapped in Ukrainian orphanages”. The Scotsman. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
395. ^ Siad, Arnaud; Hodge, Nathan; Owoseje, Toyin (25 March 2022). “J.K. Rowling hits back at Putin after
he likened Russia to her in rant against cancel culture”. CNN. Retrieved 26 March 2022. Rowling previously revealed that her children’s charity, Lumos, had been working with the Ukrainian government since 2013
396. ^ Drummond, Michael (7 March
2022). “Ukraine war: JK Rowling to personally match emergency appeal funding up to £1m as children face ‘uncertain future'”. Sky News. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
397. ^ Carrell, Severin (12 December 2022). “JK Rowling launches support centre for
female victims of sexual violence”. The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
398. ^ Sanderson, Daniel (12 December 2022). “JK Rowling says she’s rich enough to take the flak as she launches women-only
support service”. The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
399. ^ Stewart, Stephen (29 January 2023). “Harry Potter author JK Rowling helped Afghan lawyers flee the Taliban”. The Sunday Post.
Retrieved 12 February 2023.
400. ^ “J.K. Rowling gives millions for MS research”. Reuters. 31 August 2010. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
401. ^ “JK Rowling donates £15.3m to Edinburgh MS research centre”. BBC News. 12 September 2019. Retrieved 4 March
2022.
402. ^ Holmes, Linda (27 July 2012). “The opening ceremonies In London: from the Industrial Revolution to Voldemort”. NPR. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
403. ^ Gibson, Owen (27 July 2012). “Danny Boyle’s Olympic opening ceremony: madcap, surreal
and moving”. The Guardian. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
404. ^ “Amazon.com buys J.K. Rowling tales”. Reuters. 14 December 2007. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
405. ^ Errington 2017, pp. 704–705.
406. ^ “Biography”. JK Rowling. Archived from the original
on 4 August 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
407. ^ “The season of giving – the millionaire donations that defined 2013”. Spear’s. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
408. ^ Williams, Rachel (29 May 2008).
“Rowling pens Potter prequel for charities”. The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 July 2008. Retrieved 5 May 2010.
409. ^ Jump up to:a b “Harry Potter prequel stolen in Birmingham burglary”. BBC News. 12 May 2017. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
410. ^
Matilda, Battersb Photo credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/taryn_nefdt/12407768513/’]