-
This produced the most significant changes to Liverpool’s city centre since the post-war reconstruction.
-
A significant West Indian black community has existed in the city since the first two decades of the 20th century.
-
The original street plan of Liverpool is said to have been designed by King John near the same time it was granted a royal charter, making it a borough.
-
[21] Population Population Population Population Population Population Sovereign state: United Kingdom; Country: England; Region: North West England; City region: Liverpool;
Metropolitan and ceremonial county: Merseyside; Historic county: Lancashire; Founded: 1207; City Status: 1880; Administrative HQ: Liverpool Town Hall; Government: Type: Metropolitan borough; Body: Liverpool City Council; Leadership: Mayor
and Cabinet; Executive: Labour; Mayor of Liverpool City Region: Steve Rotheram; Lord Mayor: Mary Rasmussen; Chief Executive: Tony Reeves; Area: City: 43.2 sq mi; Urban: 77.1 sq mi; Rank: 203rd; Elevation: 230 ft (70 m); Population (2022):
City: 500,500; Rank: 10th; Density: 11,528/sq mi; Urban: 864,122 (6th); Urban density: 11,210/sq mi; Metro: 2,241,000; Demonyms: Liverpudlian Scouser; Time zone: UTC+0 (Greenwich Mean Time); Summer (DST): UTC+1 (British Summer Time); Postcode
area: L; Dialling code: 0151; ISO 3166 code: GB-LIV; GSS code: E08000012; NUTS 3 code: UKD72; ONS code: 00BY; OS grid reference: SJ3490; Motorways: M62 M57; Major railway stations: Liverpool Central (B) Liverpool Lime Street (A/D), Liverpool
Moorfields (D), Liverpool James Street (E); International airports: Liverpool John Lennon (LPL); GDP: £51.5 billion[8]; – Per capita: £25,143[8]; Councillors: 90; MPs: Maria Eagle (Labour) Kim Johnson (Labour), Dan Carden (Labour), Paula Barker
(Labour), Ian Byrne (Labour); Former UNESCO World Heritage Site: Official name: Liverpool – Maritime Mercantile City; Criteria: Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv); Designated: 2004 (18th session); Reference no. -
Like most British cities and industrialised towns, Liverpool became home to a significant number of Commonwealth immigrants, beginning after World War I with colonial soldiers
and sailors who had served in the area. -
[96] In 1999, Liverpool was the first city outside London to be awarded blue plaques by English Heritage in recognition of the “significant contribution made by its sons and
daughters in all walks of life”. -
Several areas of Liverpool city centre carried World Heritage Site status from 2004 until 2021; the city’s vast collection of parks and open spaces has been described as the
“most important in the country” by England’s Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest. -
[40] In the early 19th century, Liverpool played a major role in the Antarctic sealing industry, in recognition of which Liverpool Beach in the South Shetland Islands is named
after the city. -
[100][101] Mayor of Liverpool See also: Liverpool City Council The late Georgian Liverpool Town Hall The mayor of Liverpool is directly elected by the public every four years
to lead Liverpool City Council. -
[37] Inaugural journey of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway in 1830, the first-ever commercial railway line For periods during the 19th century, the wealth of Liverpool
exceeded that of London,[38] and Liverpool’s Custom House was the single largest contributor to the British Exchequer. -
[109] Liverpool is one of the Labour Party’s key strongholds; however the city has seen hard times under Labour governments as well, particularly in the Winter of Discontent
(late 1978 and early 1979) when Liverpool suffered public sector strikes along with the rest of the United Kingdom but also suffered the particularly humiliating misfortune of having grave-diggers going on strike, leaving the dead unburied. -
As early as 1851 the city was described as “the New York of Europe”.
-
[106][107] In February 2008, Liverpool City Council was reported to be the worst-performing council in the country, receiving just a one-star rating (classified as inadequate).
-
The Metro Mayor of the Liverpool City Region is directly every four years by residents of those six boroughs and oversees the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority.
-
Liverpool was the site of Britain’s first provincial airport, operating from 1930.
-
[24] The place appearing as Leyrpole, in a legal record of 1418, may also refer to Liverpool.
-
Given the crucial place cotton held in the city’s economy, during the American Civil War Liverpool was, in the words of historian Sven Beckert, “the most pro-Confederate place
in the world outside the Confederacy itself. -
The Liverpool City Region Combined Authority reserves major strategic powers over such things as transport, economic development and regeneration for the city along with the
5 surrounding boroughs of the Liverpool City Region. -
It is also home to the oldest black community in the UK and the oldest Chinese community in Europe.
-
The main celebrations, in September 2008, included the erection of La Princesse, a large mechanical spider 20 metres high and weighing 37 tonnes, and represents the “eight
legs” of Liverpool: honour, history, music, the Mersey, the ports, governance, sunshine and culture. -
Liverpool Waters is a mixed-use development planned to contain one of Europe’s largest skyscraper clusters.
-
[108] While Liverpool through most of the 19th and early 20th centuries was a municipal stronghold of Toryism, support for the Conservative Party recently has been among the
lowest in any part of Britain, particularly since the monetarist economic policies of prime minister Margaret Thatcher after her 1979 general election victory contributed to high unemployment in the city which did not begin to fall for many
years. -
Renamed ‘Liverpool ONE,’ the centre opened in May 2008.
-
All projects could be eclipsed by the Liverpool Waters scheme, which if built will cost in the region of £5.5billion and be one of the largest megaprojects in the UK’s history.
-
In 1897, the Lumière brothers filmed Liverpool,[94] including what is believed to be the world’s first tracking shot,[95] taken from the Liverpool Overhead Railway, the world’s
first elevated electrified railway. -
[29] In 1699, the same year as its first recorded slave ship, Liverpool Merchant, set sail for Africa,[30] Liverpool was made a parish by Act of Parliament.
-
Capitalising on the popularity of 1960s rock groups, such as the Beatles, as well as the city’s world-class art galleries, museums and landmarks, tourism has also become a
significant factor in Liverpool’s economy. -
Liverpool was administered by Merseyside County Council between 1974 and 1986 and some residual aspects of organisation which date back to this time have survived.
-
[50] During this period, Liverpool became a hub of fierce left-wing opposition to the central government in London.
-
[53] In July 2021, Liverpool lost its World Heritage status, UNESCO citing the Bramley-Moore Dock Stadium and Liverpool Waters projects as not being in keeping with a World
Heritage site. -
[46] The construction of suburban public housing expanded after the Second World War.
-
The Conservative Party, one of the three major political parties in the UK had no representation on Liverpool City Council.
-
In June 2014, Prime Minister David Cameron launched the International Festival for Business in Liverpool, the world’s largest business event in 2014,[52] and the largest in
the UK since the Festival of Britain in 1951. -
The Lord Mayor is chosen only by councillors within Liverpool City Council, not the general public, and serves a one-year term.
-
The world’s first integrated sewer system was constructed in Liverpool by James Newlands, appointed in 1847 as the UK’s first borough engineer.
-
Discussions include pressing decision-makers in the government on local issues as well as building relationships with the other directly elected mayors in England and Wales.
-
[41] Lime Street, Liverpool, in the 1890s, St.George’s Hall to the left, Great North Western Hotel to the right, Walker Art Gallery and Sessions House in the background.
-
City Council and MPs Liverpool City Council elections Main articles: Liverpool City Council and Liverpool City Council elections For local elections the city elects 85 councillors
from 64 local council wards,[105] which in alphabetical order are: During the local elections held in May 2011, the Labour Party consolidated its control of Liverpool City Council, following on from regaining power for the first time in 12
years, during the previous elections in May 2010. -
[104] Metro Mayor of Liverpool City Region The City of Liverpool is one of the six constituent local government districts of the Liverpool City Region.
-
The county of Merseyside, therefore, continues to exist as an administrative area for a few limited services only, while the capability and capacity of the Liverpool City
Region Combined Authority is evolving over time. -
Thousands of families were relocated from the inner-city to new suburban housing estates, based on the belief that this would improve their standard of living, though this
is largely subjective. -
[23] Although the Old English origin of the name Liverpool is beyond dispute, claims are sometimes made that the name Liverpool is of Welsh origin, but these are without foundation.
-
Liverpool was designated as a joint European Capital of Culture for 2008.
-
In the 19th century, Liverpool was a major port of departure for English and Irish emigrants to North America.
-
[39] Liverpool was the only British city ever to have its own Whitehall office.
-
The Housing Act 1919 resulted in mass council housing being built across Liverpool during the 1920s and 1930s.
-
[citation needed] 19th century By the start of the 19th century, a large volume of trade was passing through Liverpool, and the construction of major buildings reflected this
wealth. -
More immigrants arrived after World War II, mostly settling in older inner-city areas such as Toxteth, where housing was less expensive.
-
However, several authorities such as the police and fire and rescue service, continue to be run at a county-wide level.
-
G. Melville Richards (1910–1973), a pioneer of scientific toponymy in Wales, in “Place Names of North Wales”,[27] does not attempt to explain it beyond noting that “lleifiad”
is used as a Welsh equivalent of “Liver”. -
-
[92] The Mersey Railway, opened in 1886, incorporated the world’s first tunnel under a tidal estuary[93] and the world’s first deep-level underground stations (Liverpool James
Street railway station). -
The project received outline planning permission in 2012, despite fierce opposition from such groups as UNESCO, which claimed that it would adversely affect Liverpool’s World
Heritage status. -
This was about half the level of unemployment that had affected the city during the Great Depression 50 years previously.
-
History Early history King John’s letters patent of 1207 announced the foundation of the borough of Liverpool.
-
Mathew Street is one of many tourist attractions related to the Beatles, and the location of Europe’s largest annual free music festival.
-
Union organising and strikes took place in numerous locations, including police strikes in London among the Metropolitan Police.
-
Liverpool has the second highest number of art galleries, national museums, listed buildings, and listed parks in the UK; only the capital, London, has more.
-
In June 1919 they were subject to attack by whites in racial riots; residents in the port included Swedish immigrants, and both groups had to compete with native people from
Liverpool for jobs and housing. -
[112] Geography Environment Satellite imagery showing Liverpool Bay, Liverpool and the wider Merseyside area Liverpool has been described as having “the most splendid setting
of any English city. -
Liverpool airport was renamed after him in 2002, the first British airport to be named in honour of an individual.
-
This resulted in the construction of a diverse array of religious buildings in the city for the new ethnic and religious groups, many of which are still in use today.
-
Natives of Liverpool (and some longtime residents from elsewhere) are formally referred to as “Liverpudlians” but are usually called “Scousers” in reference to scouse, a local
stew made popular by sailors in the city; “Scouse” is also the most common name for the Liverpool accent and dialect. -
[31] Since Roman times, the nearby city of Chester on the River Dee had been the region’s principal port on the Irish Sea.
-
[97] Government For the purposes of local government, the city of Liverpool is classified as a metropolitan borough.
-
Some of the most significant redevelopment projects include new buildings in the Commercial District, the King’s Dock, Mann Island, the Lime Street Gateway, the Baltic Triangle,
the RopeWalks, and the Edge Lane Gateway. -
In 2019, Liverpool was the fifth most visited UK city.
-
: 1150; Region: Europe and North America; Delisted: 2021 (44th session) Toponymy The name comes from the Old English lifer, meaning thick or muddy water, and pōl, meaning
a pool or creek, and is first recorded around 1190 as Liuerpul. -
Significant rebuilding followed the war, including massive housing estates and the Seaforth Dock, the largest dock project in Britain.
-
He also was a pioneer in the use of pre-fabricated housing and oversaw the construction of the UK’s first ring road (A5058) and intercity highway (East Lancashire Road), as
well as the Queensway Tunnel linking Liverpool and Birkenhead.
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