• The Restoration period also saw the opening in 1824 of the Galerie d’Angoulême, a section of largely French sculptures on the ground floor of the Northwestern side of the
  Cour Carrée, many of whose artefacts came from the Palace of Versailles and from Alexandre Lenoir’s Musée des Monuments Français following its closure in 1816.

• New galleries of early modern French paintings on the 2nd floor of the Cour Carrée, for which the planning had started before the Grand Louvre, also opened in 1989.

• [41] Separately, Louis-Philippe had his Spanish gallery displayed in the Louvre from 7 January 1838, in five rooms on the first floor of the Cour Carrée’s East (Colonnade)
  Wing,[42] but the collection remained his personal property.

• Louis-Philippe did, however, sponsor the creation of the musée assyrien to host the monumental Assyrian sculpture works brought to Paris by Paul-Émile Botta, in the ground-floor
  gallery north of the eastern entrance of the Cour Carrée.

• [56] Grand Louvre[edit] Main article: Grand Louvre In 1981, French President François Mitterrand proposed, as one of his Grands Projets, the Grand Louvre plan to relocate
  the Finance Ministry, until then housed in the North Wing of the Louvre, and thus devote almost the entire Louvre building (except its northwestern tip, which houses the separate Musée des Arts Décoratifs) to the museum which would be correspondingly
  restructured.

• Decorative arts exhibits were expanded in the first floor of the North Wing of the Cour Carrée, including some of France’s first period room displays.

• As the Musée de Marine was increasingly constrained to display its core naval-themed collections in the limited space it had in the second-floor attic of the northern half
  of the Cour Carrée, many of its significant holdings of non-Western artefacts were transferred in 1905 to the Trocadéro ethnography museum, the National Antiquities Museum in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, and the Chinese Museum in the Palace of Fontainebleau.

• [43] Following the end of the monarchy, several spaces in the Louvre’s South Wing went to the museum.

• • Established: 10 August 1793; 229 years ago; Location: Musée du Louvre, 75001 Paris, France ; Type: Art museum and historic site; Collection size: 615,797 in 2019[1] (35,000
  on display)[2]; ; Visitors: 2.8 million (2021)[3] , Ranked 1st nationally, Ranked 1st globally in 2021 ; Director: Laurence des Cars; Curator: Marie-Laure de Rochebrune; Public transit: Palais Royal–Musée du Louvre, Louvre–Rivoli Location
  and visit The Louvre museum is located inside the Louvre Palace, in the center of Paris, adjacent to the Tuileries Gardens.

• [6] The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace.

• [12]: 32  Main article: Louvre Palace The Louvre Palace, which houses the museum, was begun by King Philip II in the late 12th century to protect the city from the attack
  from the West, as the Kingdom of England still held Normandy at the time.

• [24] The comte d’Angiviller broadened the collection and in 1776 proposed to convert the Grande Galerie of the Louvre – which at that time contained the plans-reliefs or 3D
  models of key fortified sites in and around France – into the “French Museum”.

• [citation needed] • Entrance to a section of the Musée Napoléon III from the salle des séances, then a double-height space • Galerie Daru, part of the New Louvre building
  program under Napoleon III • Salle Daru above the galerie Daru, also created under Napoleon III • Escalier Mollien in the New Louvre • Salle des Empereurs From 1870 to 1981[edit] Memorial plaques honoring the Louvre’s defenders in May 1871
  The Louvre narrowly escaped serious damage during the suppression of the Paris Commune.

• [63] • The Pavillon des Sessions’s display of non-Western art from the Musée du Quai Branly, opened in 2000 • The Cour Visconti’s ground floor covered to host the new Islamic
  Art Department in 2012 • Islamic art display in the covered Cour Visconti, 2012 • Underground display of the Islamic Art Department, 2012 Collections The Musée du Louvre owns 615,797 objects[1] of which 482,943 are accessible online since
  24 March 2021[64] and displays 35,000 works of art in eight curatorial departments.

• Following the July Revolution, King Louis Philippe focused his interest on the repurposing of the Palace of Versailles into a Museum of French History conceived as a project
  of national reconciliation, and the Louvre was kept in comparative neglect.

• The main other initiative in the aftermath of the Grand Louvre project was Chirac’s decision to create a new department of Islamic Art, by executive order of 1 August 2003,
  and to move the corresponding collections from their prior underground location in the Richelieu Wing to a more prominent site in the Denon Wing.

• [citation needed] On 18 November 1993, Mitterrand inaugurated the next major phase of the Grand Louvre plan: the renovated North (Richelieu) Wing in the former Finance Ministry
  site, the museum’s largest single expansion in its entire history, designed by Pei, his French associate Michel Macary, and Jean-Michel Wilmotte.

• For its display, he created another new section within the Louvre named Musée Napoléon III, occupying a number of rooms in various parts of the building.

• [23] Revolutionary opening[edit] The Louvre finally became a public museum during the French Revolution.

• In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection
  of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture.

• A new entrance at the porte des Lions opened in 1998, leading on the first floor to new rooms of Spanish paintings.

• [23] In 1794, France’s revolutionary armies began bringing pieces from Northern Europe, augmented after the Treaty of Tolentino (1797) by works from the Vatican, such as the
  Laocoön and Apollo Belvedere, to establish the Louvre as a museum and as a “sign of popular sovereignty”.

• In 1850 under the leadership of curator Adrien de Longpérier, the musée mexicain opened within the Louvre as the first European museum dedicated to pre-Columbian art.

• The expansion of the museum and its collections slowed after World War I, however, despite some prominent acquisitions such as Georges de La Tour’s Saint Thomas and Baron
  Edmond de Rothschild’s 1935 donation of 4,000 prints, 3,000 drawings, and 500 illustrated books.

• New exhibition spaces of sculptures (ground floor) and paintings (first floor) opened there later in the 1960s, on a design by government architect Olivier Lahalle.

• The museum opened on 10 August 1793 with an exhibition of 537 paintings, the majority of the works being royal and confiscated church property.

• The royal move away from Paris resulted in the Louvre being used as a residence for artists, under Royal patronage.

• The room’s floor and walls were redesigned in 2021 by Louvre architect Michel Goutal to revert the changes made by his predecessor Albert Ferran in the late 1930s, triggering
  protests from the Cy Twombly Foundation on grounds that the then-deceased painter’s work had been created to fit with the room’s prior decoration.

• In the 1850s architects Louis Visconti and Hector Lefuel created massive new spaces around what is now called the Cour Napoléon, some of which (in the South Wing, now Aile
  Denon) went to the museum.

• [13][14] In the 7th century, Burgundofara (also known as Saint Fare), abbess in Meaux, is said to have gifted part of her “Villa called Luvra situated in the region of Paris”
  to a monastery,[15] even though it is doubtful that this land corresponded exactly to the present site of the Louvre.

• When war was formally declared a year later, most of the museum’s paintings were sent there as well.

• Nevertheless, the Louvre’s first gallery of Islamic art opened in 1922.

• Whereas the most iconic collection remained that of paintings in the Grande Galerie, a number of other initiatives mushroomed in the vast building, named as if they were separate
  museums even though they were generally managed under the same administrative umbrella.

• [45][46] Edomond Guillaume also decorated the first-floor room at the northwest corner of the Cour Carrée, on the ceiling of which he placed in 1890 a monumental painting
  by Carolus-Duran, The Triumph of Marie de’ Medici originally created in 1879 for the Luxembourg Palace.

• Meanwhile, the Louvre’s gallery of Antiquity sculpture (musée des Antiques), with artefacts brought from Florence and the Vatican, had opened in November 1800 in Anne of Austria’s
  former summer apartment, located on the ground floor just below the Galerie d’Apollon.

• [12]: 52  In 1848, the Naval Museum in the Cour Carrée’s attic was brought under the common Louvre Museum management,[40] a change which was again reversed in 1920.

• Many design proposals were offered for the Louvre’s renovation into a museum, without a final decision being made on them.

• [23] On 10 August 1792, Louis XVI was imprisoned and the royal collection in the Louvre became national property.

• In 1681, after the court moved to Versailles, 26 of the paintings were transferred there, somewhat diminishing the collection, but it is mentioned in Paris guide books from
  1684 on, and was shown to ambassadors from Siam in 1686.

• From the late 19th century, the Louvre gradually veered away from its mid-century ambition of universality to become a more focused museum of French, Western and Near Eastern
  art, covering a space ranging from Iran to the Atlantic.

• 21st century[edit] Ceiling by Cy Twombly installed in 2010 in the Salle des Bronzes, before the room’s redesign in 2021 President Jacques Chirac, who had succeeded Mitterrand
  in 1995, insisted on the return of non-Western art to the Louvre, upon a recommendation from his friend the art collector and dealer Jacques Kerchache [fr].

• In 1984 I. M. Pei, the architect personally selected by Mitterrand, proposed a master plan including an underground entrance space accessed through a glass pyramid in the
  Louvre’s central Cour Napoléon.

• [citation needed] During World War II, the Louvre conducted an elaborate plan of evacuation of its art collection.

• [22] By the mid-18th century there were an increasing number of proposals to create a public gallery in the Louvre.

• It compelled Italian cities to contribute pieces of art and heritage to Napoleon’s “parades of spoils” through Paris before being put into the Louvre Museum.

• The collection was increased under Napoleon and the museum was renamed Musée Napoléon, but after Napoleon’s abdication, many works seized by his armies were returned to their
  original owners.

• A smaller but significant Second Empire project was the decoration of the salle des Empereurs below the Salon carré.

• Many of the king’s paintings were placed in these rooms in 1673, when it became an art gallery, accessible to certain art lovers as a kind of museum.

• [61] On 6 June 2014, the Decorative Arts section on the first floor of the Cour Carrée’s northern wing opened after comprehensive refurbishment.

• [8] During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation’s masterpieces.

• [50] In early 1945, after the liberation of France, art began returning to the Louvre.

• [12]: 52-54  In the 1860s, Lefuel also led the creation of the pavillon des Sessions with a new Salle des Etats closer to Napoleon III’s residence in the Tuileries Palace,
  with the effect of shortening the Grande Galerie by about a third of its previous length.

• Meanwhile, the French Navy created an exhibition of ship models in the Louvre in December 1827, initially named musée dauphin in honor of Dauphin Louis Antoine,[39] building
  on an 18th-century initiative of Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau.

• At the Palace of Fontainebleau, Francis collected art that would later be part of the Louvre’s art collections, including Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa.

• This collection, renamed musée naval in 1833 and later to develop into the Musée national de la Marine, was initially located on the first floor of the Cour Carrée’s North
  Wing, and in 1838 moved up one level to the 2nd-floor attic, where it remained for more than a century.

• In 1819 an exhibition of manufactured products was opened in the first floor of the Cour Carrée’s southern wing and would stay there until the mid-1820s.

• For most of the 19th century, from Napoleon’s time to the Second Empire, the Louvre and other national museums were managed under the monarch’s civil list and thus depended
  much on the ruler’s personal involvement.

• The Greek and Roman sculpture gallery on the ground floor of the southwestern side of the Cour Carrée was completed on designs by Percier and Fontaine.

• [40] • Rooms of the Musée Charles X • First room • Room 27 • Room 29 • Salle des Colonnes • Room 35 • Room 36 • Room 38 Ceiling decorations designed by Félix Duban in the
  Salon Carré (left) and Salle des Sept-Cheminées (right), late 1840s The display in the Salon Carré, painted by Giuseppe Castiglione in 1861 following its repurposing of the late 1840s Veronese’s Wedding at Cana is visible on the left, and
  his Supper in the House of Simon (now at the Palace of Versailles) is on the right.

• By 28 December, the museum was cleared of most works, except those that were too heavy and “unimportant paintings [that] were left in the basement”.

• The collection was further increased during the reigns of Louis XVIII and Charles X, and during the Second French Empire the museum gained 20,000 pieces.

• [citation needed] Second Empire[edit] Main article: Napoleon III’s Louvre expansion The rule of Napoleon III was transformational for the Louvre, both the building and the
  museum.

• [3] Nonetheless, the Louvre still topped the list of most-visited art museums in the world in 2021.

• Hence the museum remained incomplete until the French Revolution.

• [5] The museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built in the late 12th to 13th century under Philip II.

• [9] Before the Grand Louvre overhaul of the late 1980s and 1990s, the Louvre had several street-level entrances, most of which are now permanently closed.

• It was formed from the purchased collections of Edmé-Antoine Durand, Henry Salt and the second collection of Bernardino Drovetti (the first one having been purchased by Victor
  Emmanuel I of Sardinia to form the core of the present Museo Egizio in Turin).

• In May 1791, the National Constituent Assembly declared that the Louvre would be “a place for bringing together monuments of all the sciences and arts”.

• [65] The department’s origins lie in the royal collection, but it was augmented by Napoleon’s 1798 expeditionary trip with Dominique Vivant, the future director of the Louvre.

• That new section opened on 22 September 2012, together with collections from the Roman-era Eastern Mediterranean, with financial support from the Al Waleed bin Talal Foundation
  and on a design by Mario Bellini and Rudy Ricciotti.

• [12]: 32  Whether this was the first building on that spot is not known, and it is possible that Philip modified an existing tower.

• A few gallery items found here.

 

Works Cited

[‘Rapport d’activité 2019 du musée du Louvre, p. 29, website www.louvre.fr.
2. ^ Jump up to:a b c “Louvre Museum”. museums.eu.
3. ^ Jump up to:a b Noce, Vincent. “French museums survived a drastic fall in tourism but may face uphill struggle as state
support dries up”. The Art Newspaper, 28 March 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
4. ^ The New Oxford American Dictionary gives the respelling “/’loov(rə)/”, which has been converted to its IPA equivalent. The portion within parentheses indicates a variant
pronunciation.
5. ^ “The Art Newspaper”, 30 March 2021.
6. ^ “Louvre Museum”. Inexhibit. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
7. ^ “Louvre Website – Chateau to Museum, 1672 and 1692”. Louvre.fr. Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 21
August 2011.
8. ^ “Louvre Website – Chateau to Museum 1692”. Louvre.fr. Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
9. ^ “How to get here”. Louvre Museum. Archived from the original on 21 September 2008. Retrieved 28
September 2008.
10. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Pierre Rosenberg (2007). Dictionnaire amoureux du Louvre. Paris: Plon.
11. ^ Philippe Malgouyres (1999). Le Musée Napoléon. Réunion des Musées Nationaux.
12. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m
n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Claude Mignot (1999). The Pocket Louvre: A Visitor’s Guide to 500 Works. New York: Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-7892-0578-5. OCLC 40762767.
13. ^ Jump up to:a b Edwards, pp. 193–94
14. ^ In Larousse Nouveau
Dictionnaire étymologique et historique, Librairie Larousse, Paris, 1971, p. 430: ***loup 1080, Roland (leu, forme conservée dans à la queue leu leu, Saint Leu, etc.); du lat. lupus; loup est refait sur le fém. louve, où le *v* a empêché le passage
du *ou* à *eu* (cf. Louvre, du lat. pop. lupara)*** the etymology of the word louvre is from lupara, feminine (pop. Latin) form of lupus.
15. ^ In Lebeuf (Abbé), Fernand Bournon, Histoire de la ville et de tout le diocèse de Paris par l’abbé Lebeuf,
Vol. 2, Paris: Féchoz et Letouzey, 1883, p. 296: “Louvre”.
16. ^ Jump up to:a b Edwards, p. 198
17. ^ Nore, p. 274
18. ^ “Jean Philippe Boulle, Son of André-Charles Boulle”. V&A. 21 July 2019.
19. ^ “Death of André-Charles Boulle”. Mercure
de France. March 1732.
20. ^ “Masters of marquetry in the 17th century: Boulle”. Khanacademy.
21. ^ Chaundy, Bob (29 September 2006). “Faces of the Week”. BBC. Retrieved 5 October 2007.
22. ^ Robert W. Berger (1999). Public Access to Art in
Paris: A Documentary History from the Middle Ages to 1800. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. pp. 83–86.
23. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Nora, p. 278
24. ^ Carbonell, p. 56
25. ^ Oliver, pp. 21–22
26. ^ Monaghan, Sean M.; Rodgers,
Michael (2000). “French Sculpture 1800–1825, Canova”. 19th Century Paris Project. School of Art and Design, San Jose State University. Archived from the original on 20 April 2008. Retrieved 24 April 2008.
27. ^ Oliver, p. 35
28. ^ Jump up to:a
b c d Alderson, pp. 24, 25
29. ^ McClellan, p. 7
30. ^ Vivien Richard (Summer 2021), “Quand Bonaparte nomme Denon”, Grande Galerie – le Journal du Louvre, 55: 74
31. ^ Jump up to:a b Geneviève Bresc (1989). Mémoires du Louvre. Paris: Gallimard.
32. ^
Jump up to:a b Alderson, p. 25
33. ^ Jump up to:a b Plant, p. 36
34. ^ Swetnam-Burland, Molly (2009). “Egypt Embodied: The Vatican Nile”. American Journal of Archaeology. 113 (3): 440. doi:10.3764/aja.113.3.439. JSTOR 20627596. S2CID 191377908.
35. ^
Popkin, p. 88
36. ^ For example, Mantegna’s Calvary, Veronese’s The Wedding at Cana|The Marriage of Cana, and Rogier van der Weyden’s Annunciation were not returned.
37. ^ “Paolo Veronese”. The Gentleman’s Magazine. No. December 1867. A. Dodd
and A. Smith. 1867. p. 741.
38. ^ Johns, Christopher M. S. (1998). Antonio Canova and the Politics of Patronage in Revolutionary and Napoleonic Europe. University of California Press. p. 190. ISBN 978-0520212015.
39. ^ Geneviève Lacambre (2008).
“Les collections chinoises et japonaises du musée de la Marine avant 1878 : un cas marginal pour l’ethnographie ?”. Le rôle des voyages dans la constitution des collections ethnographiques, historiques et scientifiques. Actes du 130e Congrès national
des sociétés historiques et scientifiques, « Voyages et voyageurs », La Rochelle, 2005. Paris: Editions du CTHS. pp. 94–109.
40. ^ Jump up to:a b Géraldine Barron (April 2021), “Le musée de Marine du Louvre : un musée des techniques ?”, Artefact,
5 (5): 143–162, doi:10.4000/artefact.695
41. ^ “The opening of the Assyrian museum at the Louvre”. Grands sites archéologiques: Khorsabad.
42. ^ Jeannine Baticle; Cristina Marinas (1981), La galerie espagnole de Louis-Philippe au Louvre: 1838-1848,
Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux
43. ^ René Heron de Villefosse (1959). Histoire de Paris. Bernard Grasset.
44. ^ Frédéric Lewino; Anne-Sophie Jahn (16 May 2015). “Visite interdite du Louvre #4 : la magnifique rampe en fer à cheval de la cour
des Écuries”. Le Point.
45. ^ Olivia Tolede (9 February 2010). “Guillaume, Edmond (24 juin 1826, Valenciennes – 20 juillet 1894, Paris)”. INHA Institut national d’histoire de l’art.
46. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Geneviève Bresc-Bautier (2008). The
Louvre, a Tale of a Palace. Paris: Louvre éditions.
47. ^ Max Charles Emmanuel Champion de Nansouty (1906). Actualites scientifiques, Volume 3. p. 282.
48. ^ Life (4 November 1940), p. 39.
49. ^ Alan Riding, And the Show Went On: Cultural Life
in Nazi-Occupied Paris. Alfred A Knopf, New York: 2010. p. 34.
50. ^ Matila Simon, “The battle of the Louvre;: The struggle to save French art in World War II”. Hawthorn Books, 1971. p. 23.
51. ^ Simon, p. 177
52. ^ Vincent Delieuvin. “Les accrochages
de la Joconde de 1797 à nos jour” (PDF). Louvre.
53. ^ Devorah Lauter (27 March 2010). “Hitting the Louvre ceiling”. Los Angeles Times.
54. ^ Rita Salerno (30 May 2019). “Pierre Paulin, the man who made design an art”. Elle Decor.
55. ^ Michel
Conil Lacoste (9 February 1972). “Le “salon Carré”, prestigieux vestibule à la Grande Galerie”. Le Monde.
56. ^ Pierre Mazars (18 November 1964). “1964 : Le Louvre sera le plus beau musée du monde”. Le Figaro.
57. ^ “Online Extra: Q&A with the
Louvre’s Henri Loyrette”. Business Week Online. 17 June 2002. Archived from the original on 10 December 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
58. ^ Jump up to:a b Gareth Harris (13 September 2012), Islamic art, covered Financial Times.
59. ^ Carol Vogel
(19 September 2012), The Louvre’s New Islamic Galleries Bring Riches to Light The New York Times.
60. ^ Denis Bocquet (20 February 2013). “Structural Innovation and the Stakes of Heritage: The Bellini-Ricciotti Louvre Dpt of Islamic Arts”. Academia.edu.
61. ^
Doreen Carvajal (5 March 2021). “Palace Intrigue at the Louvre, as a Paint Job Leads to a Lawsuit”. New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 December 2021.
62. ^ Didier Rykner (8 June 2014). “La réouverture des salles d’objets d’art du
Louvre, de Louis XIV à Louis XVI”. La Tribune de l’Art.
63. ^ “Louvre museum visitors dropped more than 70% in virus-wracked 2020”. France 24. 8 January 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
64. ^ Le Louvre lance un site Internet plus immersif et
une base publique recensant ses collections, Le Journal du Dimanche, Marie-Anne Kleiber, 24 mars 2021, website le jdd.fr.
65. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i Nave, pp. 42–43
66. ^ Jump up to:a b “Egyptian Antiquities”. Musée du Louvre. Archived
from the original on 11 March 2008. Retrieved 30 April 2008.
67. ^ Caubet, Annie (1991). The Louvre : Near Eastern antiquities. Internet Archive. Paris : Ed. Scala, Réunion des musées nationaux. ISBN 978-2-7118-2477-9.
68. ^ “Decorative Arts”.
Musée du Louvre. Archived from the original on 20 October 2007. Retrieved 20 May 2008.
69. ^ “Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia”. University of California Press. 2006. Retrieved 12 November 2007.
70. ^ Jump up to:a b c “Greek, Etruscan,
and Roman Antiquities”. Musée du Louvre. Archived from the original on 4 November 2007. Retrieved 30 April 2008.
71. ^ Hannan, p. 252
72. ^ Jump up to:a b “Islamic Art”. Musée du Louvre. Archived from the original on 9 November 2007. Retrieved
30 April 2008.
73. ^ Jump up to:a b Ahlund, p. 24
74. ^ “Saudi Arabia’s Princess Lamia opens new and improved Islamic art space at Louvre in Paris”. Arab News. 10 September 2019. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
75. ^ Jump up to:a b c “Sculptures”.
Musée du Louvre. Archived from the original on 7 November 2007. Retrieved 23 April 2008.
76. ^ Jump up to:a b c Nave, p. 130
77. ^ “Decorative Arts”. Musée du Louvre. Archived from the original on 3 December 2007. Retrieved 30 April 2008.
78. ^
Lasko, p. 242
79. ^ Barbier Muriel. “Armoire said to be by Hugues Sambin”. louvre.fr. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
80. ^ Barbier Muriel. “Commode of Madame du Barry”. louvre.fr. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
81. ^ Catherine Voiriot. “Barometer-thermometer”.
louvre.fr. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
82. ^ Hannan, p. 262
83. ^ According to Giorgio Vasari, Michelangelo’s Leda and the Swan, (now lost) was acquired by Francis I.
84. ^ Chaundy, Bob (29 September 2006). “Faces of the Week”. BBC. Retrieved
5 October 2007.
85. ^ “Paintings”. Musée du Louvre. Archived from the original on 23 March 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2008.
86. ^ “French artists in Louvre Museum”. Paris Digest. 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
87. ^ Hannan, p. 267
88. ^
Hannan, pp. 270–78
89. ^ www.louvre.fr – Musée du Louvre – Exhibitions – Past Exhibitions – The La Caze Collection. Retrieved 23 May 2009. Archived 17 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
90. ^ “Galerie de tableaux en très haute définition”.
c2rmf.fr.
91. ^ “Prints and Drawings”. Musée du Louvre. Archived from the original on 20 December 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2008.
92. ^ Jump up to:a b “New Boss at Louvre’s helm”. BBC News. 17 June 2002. Retrieved 25 September 2008.
93. ^ Jump
up to:a b c Gumbel, Peter (31 July 2008). “Sacre Bleu! It’s the Louvre Inc”. Time Magazine. Archived from the original on 29 December 2008. Retrieved 25 September 2008.
94. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Baum, Geraldine (14 May 2006). “Cracking the Louvre’s
code”. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 25 September 2008.
95. ^ “Louvre, Organization Chart”. Louvre.fr Official Site. Archived from the original on 10 May 2008. Retrieved 24 May 2008.
96. ^ Jump up to:a b Farah Nayeri (20 January 2009), Banks compete
to manage Louvre’s endowment International Herald Tribune.
97. ^ Matlack, Carol (28 July 2008). “The Business of Art: Welcome to The Louvre Inc”. Der Spiegel Online. Retrieved 25 September 2008.
98. ^ Lunn, p. 137
99. ^ (in French)Un archéologue
prend la direction du Louvre, Le Monde du 3 April 2013.
100. ^ Jump up to:a b c Vincent Noce (13 July 2015), Louvre’s superstore to go ahead despite protests Archived 15 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine The Art Newspaper.
101. ^ Victoria Stapley-Brown
(10 November 2014), Designers chosen for Louvre’s €60m storage outpost Archived 11 November 2014 at the Wayback Machine The Art Newspaper.
102. ^ Scarlet Cheng (15 November 2012), Louvre and Sll Francisco museums sign five-year deal Archived 16
June 2013 at the Wayback Machine The Art Newspaper.
103. ^ Noce, Vincent (5 March 2018). Against the odds, Louvre exhibition opens in Tehran in historic deal. The Art Newspaper.
104. ^ “Louvre lends art to Tehran for ‘unprecedented’ show”. France24,
5 March 2018.
105. ^ “The Louvre at Tehran”. Louvre’s Press Room. March 2018.
106. ^ “Exhibition of Louvre Museum’s Items Opens in Tehran”. IFP News (Iran Front Page). Retrieved 5 March 2018.
107. ^ “Mashhad to Host Louvre Exhibit after End
of Tehran Show”. 16 April 2018.
108. ^ “Leonardo da Vinci’s Unexamined Life as a Painter”. The Atlantic. 1 December 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
109. ^ “Louvre exhibit has most da Vinci paintings ever assembled”. Aleteia. 1 December 2019.
Retrieved 1 December 2019.
110. ^ “The Louvre Recovers Armor Pieces Stolen Nearly 40 Years Ago”, The New York Times, 6 March 2021, archived from the original on 6 March 2021, retrieved 7 March 2021
111. ^ “Laurence des Cars to Become First Woman
to Direct Louvre”. 26 May 2021.
112. ^ Fernando da Silva, Alexandre (8 April 2021). “O Louvre ao alcance de todos!” [The Louvre within everyone’s reach!] (in Portuguese). Jornal O Maringá. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
113. ^ Hélène Brossier (2014).
“Archives des musées nationaux, musée de cluny (Série J) – répertoire numérique n° 20144783”. French National Archives. p. 7.
114. ^ Sophie Jugie (Autumn 2020), “Alain Erlande-Brandebourg, l’homme des cathédrales”, Grande Galerie – le Journal du
Louvre, 52: 12
115. ^ “Le Jeu de Paume en 10 dates”. Jeu de Paume.
116. ^ Jean-Luc Martinez (2009). “La gypsothèque du musée du Louvre à Versailles”. Comptes rendus des séances de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. 153:3: 1127–1152.
117. ^
Benoît Lafay (17 October 2012). “La gypsothèque du Louvre rouvre à Versailles”. Connaissance des Arts.
118. ^ “The musée national Eugène-Delacroix”. Louvre.
119. ^ “Jean-Jacques Aillagon dévoile son plan de décentralisation culturelle”. LaDepeche.fr.
27 May 2003.
120. ^ Claire Mesureur (10 January 2020). “2019 a été un excellent millésime pour le Louvre-Lens avec plus de 530 000 visiteurs”. France Bleu.
121. ^ Riding, Alan (6 March 2007). “The Louvre’s Art: Priceless. The Louvre’s Name:
Expensive”. The New York Times. Retrieved 24 April 2008.
122. ^ National Museums Recovery, MNR works at the musée du Louvre, website louvre.fr.
123. ^ “Rapport Matteoli, Le pillage de l’art en France pendant l’occupation et la situation des
2000 oeuvres confiées aux Musées nationaux, pp. 50, 60, 69” (PDF). Retrieved 21 August 2011.
124. ^ National Museum Recovery, MNR works at the musée du Louvre, website collections.louvre.fr.
125. ^ Rickman, p. 294
126. ^ Merryman, abstract
127. ^
“Le Louvre se dit “satisfait” de la restitution des fresques égyptiennes Culture”. Tempsreel.nouvelobs.com. 9 October 2009. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
128. ^ Nicolai Ouroussoff (16 March 2011). “Abu Dhabi Guggenheim Faces Protest”. The New York Times.
Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
129. ^ “Artists urge Guggenheim boycott”. Al Jazeera. 3 April 2011.
130. ^ Jump up to:a b c Fixsen, Anna. :What Is Frank Gehry Doing About Labor Conditions in Abu Dhabi?”,
Architectural Record, September 25, 2014
131. ^ “Joint Statement on Workers’ Rights”, Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, September 22, 2010, accessed October 8, 2014
132. ^ Carrick, Glenn and David Batty. “In Abu Dhabi, they call it Happiness
Island. But for the migrant workers, it is a place of misery”, The Observer, 22 December 2013, accessed 30 June 2014; Batty, David. “Conditions for Abu Dhabi’s migrant workers ‘shame the west'”, The Observer, 22 December 2013, accessed 1 December
2014; Batty, David. “Campaigners criticise UAE for failing to tackle exploitation of migrant workers”, The Observer, 22 December 2013, accessed 30 June 2014
133. ^ Rosenbaum, Lee. “Guardian Exposé: Substandard Conditions Reportedly Persist for Some
Abu Dhabi Construction Workers (plus Guggenheim’s, TDIC’s reactions) updated”, CultureGrrl, ArtsJournal.com, December 24, 2013
134. ^ Rosenbaum, Lee. “‘Satellite Museums’ Panel: My Interchange with Guggenheim’s Richard Armstrong on Abu Dhabi
Human-Rights Concerns”, CultureGrrl, ArtsJournal.com, April 24, 2014
135. ^ Kaminer, Ariel and Sean O’Driscoll. “Workers at N.Y.U.’s Abu Dhabi Site Faced Harsh Conditions”, The New York Times, 18 May 2014
136. ^ Rosenbaum, Lee. “Guggenheim Abu
Dhabi Still Stalled, as Monitoring Report Is Issued on Saadiyat Island Labor Conditions”, CultureGrrl, ArtsJournal.com, February 4, 2016
2. Alderson, William T.; Alexander, Edward (1996). Museums in motion: an introduction to the history and functions
of museums. Walnut Creek, CA: Published in cooperation with the American Association for State and Local History [by] AltaMira Press. ISBN 0-7619-9155-7. OCLC 33983419.
3. Ahlund, Mikael (2000). Islamic art collections: an international survey.
Richmond, Surrey, England: Curzon. ISBN 0-7007-1153-8. OCLC 237132457.
4. Bierman, Irene A (2003). Napoleon in Egypt. Ithaca Press. ISBN 0-86372-299-7.
5. Bowkett, Stephen; Porter, Tom (2004). Archispeak: an illustrated guide to architectural
terms. London: Spon Press. ISBN 0-415-30011-8. OCLC 123339639.
6. Carbonell, Bettina (2004). Museum Studies: An Anthology of Contexts. Blackwell Pub. ISBN 978-0-631-22825-7. OCLC 52358814.
7. Edwards, Henry Sutherland (1893). Old and New Paris:
Its History, Its People, and Its Places. Paris: Cassell and Co. p. 194. Retrieved 30 April 2008. history of the word louvre.
8. Hannan, Bill and Lorna (2004). Art for Travellers: France. Northampton, MA: Interlink Books. ISBN 1-56656-509-X. OCLC
51336501.
9. Lasko, Peter (1995). Ars Sacra, 800–1200. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-06048-5. OCLC 231858991.
10. McClellan, Andrew (1999). Inventing the Louvre: Art, Politics, and the Origins of the Modern Museum…. Berkeley: University
of California Press. ISBN 0-520-22176-1. OCLC 40830142. inventing the louvre luxembourg gallery.
11. Merryman, John Henry (2006). Imperialism, art and restitution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85929-8. OCLC 183928459.
12. Mroue,
Haas (2003). Frommer’s Paris from $90 a Day. Frommer’s. ISBN 0-7645-5806-4. OCLC 229256386.
13. Miltoun, Francis (1910). Royal Palaces and Parks of France. L.C. Page & Co. ISBN 9781465544346.
14. Lunn, Martin (2004). Da Vinci code Decoded. New
York: Disinformation. ISBN 0-9729529-7-7. OCLC 224340425.
15. Nave, Alain (1998). Treasures of the Louvre. Barnes & Noble Publishing. ISBN 0-7607-1067-8. OCLC 40334510.
16. Nora, Pierre; Lawrence D. Kritzman (1996). Realms of Memory. New York:
Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-10926-0. OCLC 234041248.
17. Oliver, Bette Wyn (2007). From Royal to National: The Louvre Museum and the Bibliothèque Nationale. Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-1861-0. OCLC 70883061.
18. Plant, Margaret
(2002). Venice Fragile City. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-08386-6. Venice Fragile City.
19. Popkin, Jeremy D (2015). A Short History of the French Revolution (6th ed.). Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-205-96845-9.
20. Rickman, Gregg
(1999). Swiss Banks and Jewish Souls. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 1-56000-426-6. OCLC 40698624.
21. Rogers, Elizabeth A. (2001). Landscape design: a cultural and architectural history. New York: Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 0-8109-4253-4. OCLC 186087857.
results tuileries fire louvre axis.
22. Strathern, Paul (2009). Napoleon in Egypt. Bantam. ISBN 978-0-553-38524-3. OCLC 299706472.
23. Sturdy, David (1995). Science and social status: the members of the Académie des sciences 1666–1750. Woodbridge,
Suffolk: Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-395-X. OCLC 185477008.
Photo credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/31878512@N06/4581199679/’]