outlet (electrical)

 

  • This allows connecting more than one electrical consumer item to one single socket and is mainly used for low power devices (TV sets, table lamps, computers, etc.).

  • Although it may accept NEMA plugs, the Thai voltage is 220 V and thus is electrically incompatible with devices designed only for 110 V. • Chinese dual socket accepting both
    unearthed 2-pin (upper) and earthed 3-pin (lower) plugs Swappable cables and plugs [edit] Swappable plug (Apple) and IEC 60320 C7 cable Commonly, manufacturers provide an IEC 60320 inlet on an appliance, with a detachable power cord (mains
    flex lead) and appropriate plug in order to avoid manufacturing whole appliances, with the only difference being the type of plug.

  • Incompatible sockets and plugs may be used with the help of adaptors, though these may not always provide full safety and performance.

  • Standard types in present use The plugs and sockets used in a given area are regulated by local governments.

  • Examples of systems using special purpose sockets include: • “Clean” (low electrical noise) earth for use with computer systems, • Device for Connection of Luminaires (DCL)
    is a European standard for ceiling- and hanging light fixtures.

  • In addition to the recessed contacts of the energised socket, plug and socket systems often have other safety features to reduce the risk of electric shock or damage to appliances.

  • [citation needed] Safety features Protection from accidental contact [edit] Designs of plugs and sockets have gradually developed to reduce the risk of electric shock and
    fire.

  • Different standard systems of plugs and sockets are used around the world, and many obsolete socket types are still found in older buildings.

  • For example, appliances may ensure that switches interrupt the line side of the circuit, or can connect the shell of a screw-base lampholder to neutral to reduce electric
    shock hazard.

  • This may be in the form of a single socket on a flexible cable or a power strip with multiple sockets.

  • Overview of connections Single-phase sockets[clarification needed] have two current-carrying connections to the power supply circuit, and may also have a third pin for a safety
    connection to earth ground.

  • [2][3] Safety advocates, the United States Army,[4] and a manufacturer of sockets[5] point out a number of safety issues with universal socket and adaptors, including voltage
    mismatch, exposure of live pins, lack of proper earth ground connection, or lack of protection from overload or short circuit.

  • Some multi-standard sockets allow use of several types of plug.

  • Coordination of technical standards has allowed some types of plug to be used across large regions to facilitate the production and import of electrical appliances and for
    the convenience of travellers.

  • Using a plug or power cord that is inappropriate for the load may be a safety hazard.

  • Single phase electric stove plugs and sockets The plugs and sockets used to power electric stoves from a single-phase line have to be rated for greater current values than
    those used with three-phase supply because all the power has to be transferred through two contacts, not three.

  • Shaver supply units [edit] Shaver supply unit for BS 4573, US Type A, Australian two-pin, and Europlug Type C Unusual types Lampholder plug [edit] A lampholder plug fits into
    a light socket in place of a light bulb to connect appliances to lighting circuits.

  • Sockets may be recessed and plugs designed to fit closely within the recess to reduce risk of a user contacting the live pins.

  • • Emergency power supply, • Uninterruptible power supply for critical or life-support equipment, • Isolated power for medical instruments, tools used in wet conditions, or
    electric razors, • “Balanced” or “technical” power used in audio and video production studios, • Theatrical lighting, • CEE 17 are a series of industrial grade (IP44) 3-phase “pin & sleeve” connectors for industrial purposes, carpentry- and
    gardening appliances and also used as a weather-resistant connector for outdoor usage, like Caravans, Motorhomes, camper vans and tents for mains hook-up at camp-sites.

  • For example, high-current equipment can cause a fire when plugged into an extension cord with a current rating lower than necessary.

  • Where a lower rate was applied to electric power used for lighting circuits, lampholder plugs enabled the consumers to reduce their electricity costs.

  • Sometimes the cords used to plug in dual voltage 120 V / 240 V equipment are rated only for 125 V, so care must be taken by travellers to use only cords with an appropriate
    voltage rating.

  • Some letter types correspond to several current ratings or different technical standards, so the letter does not uniquely identify a plug and socket within the type family,
    nor guarantee compatibility.

  • The plug is often designed so that the earth ground contact connects before the energized circuit contacts.

  • Class I equipment requires an earth contact in the plug and socket, while Class II equipment is unearthed and protects the user with double insulation.

  • The earliest national[clarification needed] standard for plug and wall socket forms was set in 1915.

  • Mismatch in frequency between supply and appliances may still cause problems even at the correct voltage.

  • Special purpose sockets may be found in residential, industrial, commercial or institutional buildings.

  • Modern appliances may only be sold with a fuse of the appropriate size pre-installed.

  • Not all plug and socket families have letters in the IEC guide, but those that have are noted in this article, as are some additional letters commonly used by retail vendors.

  • Extension cords [edit] Extension cords (extension leads) are used for temporary connections when a socket is not within convenient reach of an appliance’s power lead.

  • Extension Various methods can be used to increase the number or reach of sockets.

 

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