-
[22] CEO: Ben Kohn; Categories: Men’s magazines; Frequency: Monthly (1953–2016), Bimonthly (2017–2018), Quarterly (2019–2020), Online (since 2020); Publisher: PLBY Group;
Total circulation (2018): 400,000 (December 2017)[1]; Founder: Hugh Hefner; Founded: 1953[2]; First issue: December 1, 1953; Final issue: March 17, 2020 (print); Country: United States; Based in: Beverly Hills, California; Language: English;
ISSN: 0032-1478 Publication history 1950s The front cover of the first issue of Playboy, featuring Marilyn Monroe, December 1953 By spring 1953, Hugh Hefner—a 1949 University of Illinois psychology graduate who had worked in Chicago for Esquire
magazine writing promotional copy; Publisher’s Development Corporation in sales and marketing; and Children’s Activities magazine as circulation promotions manager[23]—had planned out the elements of his own magazine, that he would call Stag
Party. -
[29] The heavy promotion centered around Monroe’s nudity on the already-famous calendar, together with the teasers in marketing, made the new Playboy magazine a success.
-
[1] Online-only In March 2020, Ben Kohn, CEO of Playboy Enterprises, announced that the Spring 2020 issue would be the last regularly scheduled printed issue and that the
magazine would now publish its content online. -
[citation needed] After reaching its peak in the 1970s, Playboy saw a decline in circulation and cultural relevance due to competition in the field it founded—first from Penthouse,
then from Oui (which was published as a spin-off of Playboy) and Gallery in the 1970s; later from pornographic videos; and more recently from lad mags such as Maxim, FHM, and Stuff. -
[61] However, in the July/August 2018 issue a reader asked if the print magazine would discontinue, and Playboy responded that it was not going anywhere.
-
The Playboy Interview Besides its centerfold, a major part of Playboy for much of its existence has been the Playboy Interview, an extensive (usually several thousand-word)
discussion between a publicly known individual and an interviewer. -
[25] However, the publisher of an unrelated men’s adventure magazine, Stag, contacted Hefner and informed him it would file suit to protect their trademark if he were to launch
his magazine with that name. -
[21] After a year-long removal of most nude photos in Playboy magazine, the March–April 2017 issue brought back nudity.
-
[56] The redesigned Playboy, however, would still feature a Playmate of the Month and pictures of women, but they would be rated as not appropriate for children under 13.
-
[60] In early 2018, and according to Jim Puzzanghera of the Los Angeles Times, Playboy was reportedly “considering killing the print magazine”, as the publication “has lost
as much as $7 million annually in recent years”. -
[53] Playboy announced in February 2017, however, that the dropping of nudity had been a mistake and furthermore, for its March/April issue, reestablished some of its franchises,
including the Playboy Philosophy and Party Jokes, but dropped the subtitle “Entertainment for Men”, inasmuch as gender roles have evolved. -
On August 11, 2009, London’s Daily Telegraph newspaper reported that Hugh Hefner had sold his English manor house (next door to the Playboy Mansion in Los Angeles) for $18
m ($10 m less than the reported asking price) to another American, Daren Metropoulos, the President and co-owner of Pabst Blue Ribbon, and that due to significant losses in the company’s value (down from $1 billion in 2000 to $84 million in
2009), the Playboy publishing empire was for sale for $300 million. -
— Hugh Hefner, when asked about ending nudity in Playboy[53] In October 2015, Playboy announced the magazine would no longer feature full-frontal nudity beginning with the
March 2016 issue. -
[58] Among other changes to the magazine included ending the popular jokes section and the various cartoons that appeared throughout the magazine.
-
The first centerfold was Marilyn Monroe, although the picture used originally was taken for a calendar rather than for Playboy.
-
[6] In addition to the flagship magazine in the United States, special nation-specific versions of Playboy are published worldwide, including those by licensees, such as Dirk
Steenekamp’s DHS Media Group. -
From 1955 to 1979 (except for a six-month gap in 1976), the “P” in Playboy had stars printed in or around the letter.
-
Though the publisher said the content of the Indonesian edition will be different from the original edition, the government tried to ban it by using anti-pornography rules.
-
[3] Known for its centerfolds of nude and semi-nude[4] models (Playmates), Playboy played an important role in the sexual revolution[5] and remains one of the world’s best-known
brands, having grown into Playboy Enterprises, Inc. (PEI), with a presence in nearly every medium. -
[54] Company CEO Scott Flanders acknowledged the magazine’s inability to compete with freely available internet pornography and nudity; according to him, “You’re now one click
away from every sex act imaginable for free. -
Urban legend stated that this was either a rating that Hefner gave to the Playmate according to how attractive she was, the number of times that Hefner had slept with her,
or how good she was in bed. -
Due to declining sales, the last Australia-wide edition of Playboy was the January 2000 issue.
-
In response, Playboy attempted to re-assert its hold on the 18–35-year-old male demographic through slight changes to content and focusing on issues and personalities more
appropriate to its audience—such as hip-hop artists being featured in the “Playboy Interview”. -
Following Hefner’s death, and his family’s financial stake in the company, the magazine changed direction.
-
One-quarter of all American college men were buying or subscribing to the magazine every month.
-
The decision to close the print edition was attributed in part to the COVID-19 pandemic which interfered with distribution of the magazine.
-
[119][needs update] On January 14, 2004, the Ninth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals ruled that Playboy Enterprises Inc.’s trademark terms “Playboy” and “Playmate” should be protected
in the situation where a user typing “Playboy” or “Playmate” in a browser search was instead shown advertisements of companies that competed with PEI. -
[46] The printed magazine ran several annual features and ratings.
-
[34] An urban legend started about Hefner and the Playmate of the Month because of markings on the front covers of the magazine.
-
[30][31] The first issue sold out in weeks.
-
Another interview-type section, entitled “20Q” (a play on the game of Twenty Questions), was added in October 1978.
-
[76] The magazine interviewed then-presidential candidate Jimmy Carter in the November 1976 issue, in which he stated “I’ve committed adultery in my heart many times.
-
Playboy is an American men’s lifestyle and entertainment magazine, formerly in print and currently online.
-
Consider the girl we made popular: the Playmate of the Month.
-
[citation needed] An Indonesian edition was launched in April 2006, but controversy started before the first issue hit the stands.
-
[65] The best-selling individual issue was the November 1972 edition, which sold 7,161,561 copies.
-
[116] In 2010, Playboy introduced The Smoking Jacket, a safe-for-work website designed to appeal to young men, while avoiding nude images or key words that would cause the
site to be filtered or otherwise prohibited in the workplace. -
[26][27] The first issue, in December 1953, was undated, as Hefner was unsure there would be a second.
-
Despite the ban on the magazine in these countries, the official Playboy brand itself can still appear on various merchandise, such as perfume and deodorants.
-
Playboy also launched limited-edition products designed by fashion houses such as Versace, Vivienne Westwood and Sean John.
-
7-Eleven had also been selling Penthouse and other similar magazines before the ban.
-
[115] In September 2005, Playboy began publishing a digital version of the magazine.
-
Santa Monica, California: General Publishing Group, 1994, ISBN 1-881649-03-2 • Playboy: 50 Years, The Photographs.
-
[57] Josh Horwitz of Quartz argued that the motivation for the decision to remove nudity from the magazine was to give Playboy Licensing a less inappropriate image in India
and China, where the brand is a popular item on apparel and thus generates significant revenue. -
Litigation and legal issues Stacy Arthur, Playboy’s Playmate of the Month for January, 1991, filed a $70 million lawsuit against Playboy Enterprises Inc. and others alleging
she was raped and sodomized by three Playboy employees on October 6, 1991, at the Playboy mansion in Los Angeles and that inaction by the magazine led to the death of her husband. -
[50] In January 2011, the publisher of Playboy magazine agreed to an offer by Hefner to take the company private for $6.15 per share, an 18 percent premium over the price
of the last previous day of trading. -
[52] 2016–2018 changes and brief ending of full-frontal nudity This is what I always intended Playboy Magazine to look like.
-
In 2009, the magazine used five criteria: bikini, brains, campus, sex and sports in the development of its list.
-
[74] Sports Illustrated swimsuit model Kylie Bax wearing a Playboy shirt, with Donald Trump, Bill Clinton and Melania Trump (2000) The jaunty rabbit quickly became a popular
symbol of extroverted male culture, becoming a lucrative source of merchandizing revenue for the company. -
[39] One of the key pamphlets produced by the protesters was “No More Miss America!
-
-
[113][114] As part of the online presence, Playboy developed a pay web site called the Playboy Cyber Club in 1995 which features online chats, additional pictorials, videos
of Playmates and Playboy Cyber Girls that are not featured in the magazine. -
[70] It is also one of the few magazines whose microfilm format was in color, not black and white.
-
New York: Playboy Press, 1981.
-
[23][26] Hefner, his wife Millie, and Sellers met to seek a new name, considering “Top Hat”, “Gentleman”, “Sir'”, “Satyr”, “Pan” and “Bachelor” before Sellers suggested “Playboy”.
-
Despite this, the edition quickly sold out.
-
[117] In May 2011, Playboy introduced iplayboy.com, a complete, uncensored version of its near-700 issue archive, targeting the Apple iPad.
-
For interesting ideas related to this subject, see the 3DResearchspecs Fashion magazine found here.
Works Cited
[‘o Bennett, Jessica (August 2, 2019). “Will the Millennials Save Playboy?”. The New York Times. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
o ^ “Playboy Enterprises, Inc”. Playboyenterprises.com. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved February
14, 2016.
o ^ Seib, Christine (December 9, 2008). “Hefner’s Daughter Christie Walks Away from Playboy Enterprises”. The Times. London. Retrieved May 22, 2010.
o ^ “Playboy ‘to drop’ naked women images”. BBC News. Retrieved February 14, 2016.
o ^
“Why America loved Playboy”. BBC News. October 14, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2016.
o ^ Wray, Richard (November 13, 2009). “Iconix ‘makes offer for Playboy'”. The Guardian. London. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
o ^ “Playboy – South Africa”. Retrieved
October 3, 2021. © Copyright © 2020 DHS Media Group (Pty) Ltd, Licensed from Playboy Enterprises.
o ^ Hauswirth, Heather; Kelly, Keith J. (August 11, 2021). “The pay-for-play scandal behind many sexy Maxim, Playboy ‘covers'”. New York Post. Retrieved
October 3, 2021.
o ^ “Dirk Steenekamp, CEO – DHS Media Group”. Beyond Grit with Robert Young. podbean. September 8, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
o ^ “DHS Media obtains publishing rights to BBC Top Gear Magazine South Africa”. Publishing News
South Africa. bizcommunity.com. Retrieved October 3, 2021. DHS Media Publisher and CEO Dirk Steenekamp
o ^ “DHS Media Group – K2016212484 – South Africa”. b2bhint.com. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
o ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Steven Watts (August 24,
2009). Mr Playboy: Hugh Hefner and the American Dream. Wiley. pp. 80, 91, 111, 144, 152, 190. ISBN 978-0-470-52167-0.
o ^ Samuel Schuman (1979). Vladimir Nabokov, A Reference Guide. p. 61. ISBN 9780816181346.
o ^ “11 great authors who wrote for
Hugh Hefner’s Playboy”. BBC. September 28, 2017.
o ^ Art Spiegelman (2001). Jack Cole and Plastic Man: Forms Stretched to Their Limits. Chronicle Books. p. 126. ISBN 0-8118-3179-5.
o ^ Eldon Dedini (2006). An Orgy of Playboy’s Eldon Dedini.
Fantagraphics Books. p. 8. ISBN 1-56097-727-2.
o ^ Stephen E. Kercher (2006). Revel with a Cause: Liberal Satire in Postwar America. University Of Chicago Press. p. 480. ISBN 0-226-43164-9.
o ^ Shel Silverstein (2007). Playboy’s Silverstein Around
the World. Fireside. ISBN 978-0-7432-9024-1.
o ^ Bryant, Mark (October 19, 2009). “Roy Raymonde: Cartoonist noted for his work in ‘Punch’ and ‘Playboy'”. The Independent. Archived from the original on September 25, 2015. Retrieved March 10,
2015.
o ^ “Blog Archive » “We All Have To Start Somewhere” Department. Case in Point No.11″. EliSteinCartoons.com. February 3, 2009. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
o ^ “Film Review: Hugh Hefner: Playboy, Activist and Rebel”. Filmjournal.com. July
20, 2010. Archived from the original on March 5, 2012. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
o ^ Bennett, Jessica (August 2, 2019). “Will the Millennials Save Playboy? – The Hefners are gone, and so is the magazine’s short-lived ban on nudity – as well as
virtually anyone on the staff over 35”. The New York Times. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
o ^ Jump up to:a b Sumner, David E. (2010). The Magazine Century: American Magazines Since 1900. Peter Lang Publishing. p. 134. ISBN 978-1-4331-0493-0. Retrieved
February 14, 2016.
o ^ Jump up to:a b Steven Watts (March 23, 2009). Mr Playboy: Hugh Hefner and the American Dream. p. 24. ISBN 9780470501375. Retrieved February 14, 2016.
o ^ Steven Watts (March 23, 2009). Mr Playboy: Hugh Hefner and the American
Dream. p. 24. ISBN 9780470501375. Retrieved February 14, 2016.
o ^ Jump up to:a b Steven Watts (March 23, 2009). Mr Playboy: Hugh Hefner and the American Dream. p. 64. ISBN 9780470501375. Retrieved February 14, 2016.
o ^ Golden Dreams The Birth
of Playboy by Hugh M. Hefner, page 265, Playboy, January 1994
o ^ Summers, p. 59.
o ^ Les Harding (August 23, 2012). They Knew Marilyn Monroe: Famous Persons in the Life of the Hollywood Icon. p. 75. ISBN 9780786490141.
o ^ Susan Gunelius (September
16, 2009). Building Brand Value the Playboy Way. p. 16. ISBN 9780230239586.[permanent dead link]
o ^ Gordon Jensen (July 2012). Marilyn: A Great Woman’s Struggles: Who Killed Her and Why. p. 157. ISBN 9781477141502.
o ^ Playboy Collector’s Association
Playboy Magazine Price Guide
o ^ “Hugh Hefner’s Personal Copy of Playboy #1 Can Be Yours”. www.mentalfloss.com. November 5, 2018. Retrieved April 25, 2021.
o ^ “Yes, people DID buy ‘Playboy’ for the articles”. USA TODAY. Retrieved September
12, 2017.
o ^ “Stars Upon Thars”. Snopes.com. June 22, 2006. Retrieved May 20, 2009.
o ^ Batura, Amber (September 28, 2017). “Opinion | How Hugh Hefner Invented the Modern Man”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
o ^
“All About Playboy’s Cannabis Law Reform Advocacy And Social Equity Grants”. Benzinga. January 8, 2021. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
o ^ “Kennedy, Thomas E., “A Last Conversation with Robie Macauley”, Agnii, Vol. 45, 1997″. Webdelsol.com. Retrieved
December 7, 2011.
o ^ Greenfieldboyce, Nell (September 5, 2008). “Pageant Protest Sparked Bra-Burning Myth”. NPR. Retrieved February 6, 2012.
o ^ “No More Miss America!”. The Feminist eZine. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
o ^ “No More Miss America!”.
Redstockings.org. August 22, 1968. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
o ^ Rosenstiel, Thomas B. (August 25, 1986). “Magazines in Decline : Sex Losing Its Appeal for Playboy”. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 25, 2021.
o ^ Seib, Christine (December 9, 2008).
“Hefner’s daughter Christie walks away from Playboy Enterprises”. The Times. London. Retrieved May 22, 2010.
o ^ “As Business Falls Off, Playboy Looks For Buyers”. NPR.org. Retrieved June 24, 2022.
o ^ MCN Staff (July 8, 2009). “Jerome Kern Exits
Playboy Board”. Multichannel News. Retrieved June 24, 2022.
o ^ Bhatnagar, Parija. “Playboy: 50 years and going – Oct. 15, 2003”. money.cnn.com. Retrieved September 14, 2017.
o ^ “”Top Party Schools 2009,” Playboy magazine, May 2009″. Archived
from the original on May 9, 2009. Retrieved December 16, 2012.
o ^ “Hugh Hefner sells LA property as financial crisis hits Playboy”. The Daily Telegraph. London. August 11, 2009. Archived from the original on August 14, 2009.
o ^ Vancore, Andrew;
Heher, Ashley (July 12, 2010). “Bunny bid: Hefner offers to buy rest of Playboy”. The Washington Times. Associated Press. Retrieved July 16, 2010.
o ^ Vancore, Andrew (July 16, 2010). “Penthouse bids for Playboy”. The Sun News. Associated Press.
Retrieved July 16, 2010.[permanent dead link]
o ^ “Playboy agrees to Hefner buyout offer”. The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 16, 2012.
o ^ “Hefner Completes $208M Playboy Buyout”. Institutional Investor. March 8, 2011. Retrieved December
16, 2012.
o ^ Jump up to:a b Playboy enters non-nude era: Sexy but ‘safe for work’ WTAE-TV, via CNN Money (February 24, 2016)
o ^ Samaiya, Ravi. “Playboy says it will no longer print images of nude women”. Boston Globe. Retrieved October 13,
2015.
o ^ Jump up to:a b Somaiya, Ravi (October 12, 2015). “Nudes Are Old News at Playboy”. The New York Times. Retrieved October 13, 2015.
o ^ Jump up to:a b “Playboy magazine to stop publishing pictures of naked women”. The Guardian. October
13, 2015. Retrieved October 13, 2015.
o ^ “The fascinating economics behind Playboy’s decision to drop nudes from its magazine”. Vox.com. October 13, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2016.
o ^ “China—not online porn—is why Playboy is dumping nude
photographs”. Quartz. October 13, 2015. Retrieved October 18, 2015.
o ^ Karlin, Susan (March 7, 2016). “The Playboy Revamp Continues: How The Magazine Is Redrawing Its Cartoon Lines, Too”. Co.Create. Fast Company. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
o ^
“Playboy brings back nudity, claiming #NakedIsNormal”. BBC. February 13, 2017.
o ^ Puzzanghera, Jim (January 2, 2018). “Playboy is considering ending its print magazine, report says”. Los Angeles Times.
o ^ Gibson, Kate (March 19, 2020). “Coronavirus
kills 66-year-old Playboy”. CBS News. Retrieved March 19, 2020.
o ^ Osman, Jim. “Playboy Could Be The King of SPACs – Here Are Three Picks”. Forbes. Retrieved August 18, 2021.
o ^ Jasinski, Nicholas. “Playboy Has Gone Public. Here’s What to Know”.
www.barrons.com. Retrieved August 18, 2021.
o ^ Jump up to:a b Dougherty, Philip H. (2 November 1982). Playboy to Cut Circulation Rate Base, The New York Times
o ^ “The Girls Next Door: The New Yorker”. The New Yorker. March 13, 2006. Retrieved
December 16, 2012.
o ^ “The Rest of the Lenna Story”. 2.cs.cmu.edu. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
o ^ Media and Culture with 2013 Update: An Introduction to Mass Communication, p. 268 (chart posts a list cited from magazines.org in 2010, showing
top ten circulation magazines in the United States in 1972 and 2010. The 1972 list was (1) Reader’s Digest (17,825,661); (2) TV Guide (16,410,858); (3) Woman’s Day (8,191,731); (4) Better Homes and Gardens (7,996,050); (5) Family Circle (7,889,587);
(6) McCall’s (7,516,960); (7) National Geographic (7,260,179); (8) Ladies’ Home Journal (7,014,251); (9) Playboy (6,400,573); (10) Good Housekeeping (5,801,446))
o ^ Bennett, Jessica (2 August 2019). Will the Millennials Save Playboy?, The New
York Times
o ^ “BLIND WIN RULING ON BRAILLE PLAYBOY”. The New York Times. August 29, 1986. Retrieved October 16, 2011.
o ^ “Re: Nicholson Baker and NEH”. Ibiblio.org. April 16, 2001. Retrieved February 14, 2016.
o ^ Faye, Marcia (Spring 2009).
“Art Paul: The art of designing Playboy”. iitmagazine. Archived from the original on January 24, 2015. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
o ^ Heller, Steven; Vienne, Veronique (2006). The Education of an Art Director. Allworth Communications. pp. 174–180.
ISBN 9781581154351. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
o ^ “Hugh Hefner: ‘I am in the center of the world'”, by Oriana Fallaci, LOOK Magazine, January 10, 1967
o ^ Rhodes, Margaret (October 13, 2015). “Playboy’s Logo is What Matters — It Earns More
Than Nudes Do”. WIRED. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
o ^ Hearn, Michael Patrick (December 17, 2021). “Alex Haley Taught America About Race — and a Young Man How to Write”. The New York Times. Retrieved January 25, 2022.
o ^ Playboy Interview with
Jimmy Carter, Playboy, November 1976
o ^ “McGill University website excerpt”.
o ^ “playboy.com / world of playboy / events”. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved December 16, 2012.
o ^ Jump up to:a b Stolz, Kim. “Duran Duran
And Playboy Team Up To ‘Rock The Rabbit,’ Celebrate Band’s 13th LP”. mtv.com. MTV. Retrieved July 12, 2015.
o ^ Cawein, Elizabeth. “MGMT Poses For Playboy In Rock The Rabbit Campaign”. thefader.com. The Fader, Inc. Archived from the original
on March 4, 2016. Retrieved July 12, 2015.
o ^ Jump up to:a b “Photographers”. Vintageplayboymags.co.uk. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
o ^ “Richard Fegley : Biography”. IMDb.com. Retrieved February 14, 2016.
o ^ “Arny Freytag”. IMDb.com. Retrieved
February 14, 2016.
o ^ “Ron Harris Studio – We Have The Girls You Want”. Ronharris.com. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
o ^ “Photographer”. David Mecey. Archived from the original on November 24, 2011. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
o ^ “Russ Meyer
(I) : Biography”. IMDb.com. Retrieved February 14, 2016.
o ^ “Pompeo Posar”. IMDb.com. Retrieved February 14, 2016.
o ^ “Suze Randall”. Lycos.com. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
o ^ Jump up to:a
b c d “”Playboy at 50″ Christies Sale 1325 (December 17, 2003)”.
o ^ “Welcome to Stephen Wayda Photography”. Archived from the original on March 3, 2009.
o ^ James R. Petersen, Playboy Redheads, Chronicle Books, 2005, p127. ISBN 0-8118-4858-2
o ^
“Mario Casilli, Playboy Photographer”. Vintage Playboy Mags. Retrieved November 6, 2007.
o ^ “Playboy Contributors: Ana Dias”. Playboy. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
o ^ Grimes, Gary (14 September 2019). “Ellen von Unwerth: 30 years of photographing
women”. The Face. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
o ^ “Bunnyyeager.com”. Bunnyyeager.com. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
o ^ “Harkleroad to be in August Playboy magazine”. Retrieved May 26, 2008.
o ^ “Where the Babes are”. Archived from the original
on May 7, 2005.
o ^ “NLS Reference Circular: Magazine Program (2007)”. Loc.gov. August 25, 2010. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
o ^ “The Braille Forum, June 2000”. Archived from the original on May 10, 2011.
o ^ “Playboy Takes On World With Big
Video Expansion”, By Richard Covington, International Herald Tribune, November 3, 1993. Retrieved June 23, 2007.
o ^ Ndlovu, Andile (May 15, 2013). “Playboy SA stripped off mag rack”. Times LIVE. Retrieved May 15, 2013.
o ^ “Jakarta struggles
with the politics of pornography as Playboy comes to town”, John Aglionby, January 30, 2006, The Guardian. Retrieved June 23, 2007.
o ^ Nati Tucker (January 14, 2013). “Show me the bunny: Playboy comes to Israel”. Haaretz. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
o ^
“Philippine Playboy won’t show full nudity”. NBC News. Associated Press. March 27, 2008. Retrieved March 8, 2009.
o ^ “Playboy Magazine Enters Estonia” Archived July 10, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Alo Raun, Postimees, June 7, 2007. Retrieved
June 30, 2007.
o ^ “Playboy Magazine Enters Georgia, Plans to Conquer Market” Archived September 28, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Nino Edilashvili, The Georgian Times, May 21, 2007. Retrieved June 23, 2007.
o ^ “Playboy published also in Latvia”.
Baltic News Network. September 28, 2010. Retrieved October 8, 2010.
o ^ “Playboy Macedonia”. Netpress.com.mk. September 28, 2010. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
o ^ Galloway, Stephen (September 20, 2011).
“Hugh Hefner: The Playboy Interview”. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
o ^ : Kortis, Johnny (December 26, 2020). “FINAL EDITION PLAYBOY SLOVAKIA”. Johnny Kortis, Chief of Playboy Slovakia. Archived from the original on December
23, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
o ^ “Playboy joins computer revolution”. UPI. Retrieved June 13, 2021.
o ^ Wolinsky, Howard (February 23, 2000). “Disney Internet exec hops to Playboy.com”. Chicago Sun-Times. p. 59.
o ^ “Playboy Web Space”.
Archived from the original on December 20, 1996.
o ^ Jones, Tim (June 23, 1997). “Playboy widening its use of The Web”. The Record. p. H09.
o ^ Johnston, Chris (August 25, 2005). “Playboy launches digital edition”. the Guardian. Retrieved June
13, 2021.
o ^ Don Babwin (July 21, 2010). “Playboy busts out of mold on the Smoking Jacket”. Associated Press.
o ^ Griggs, Branddon; Susana, Miguel (May 21, 2011). “Playboy puts 57 years of articles, nudity online”. CNN. Retrieved May 7, 2021.
o ^
“Former Playboy centerfold sues magazine”. United Press International. October 8, 1992. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
o ^ “Netscape, Playboy settle search trademark case – CNET News.com”. News.cnet.com. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
o ^ L. L. Clover,
Evil Spirits, Intellectualism and Logic (Minden, Louisiana: Louisiana Missionary Baptist Institute and Seminary, 1974), pp. 18–19.
o ^ Megna, Michelle (March 30, 2003). “Foreign Web sites offer alternate perspectives on the conflict in Iraq”. Daily
News. New York.
o ^ “Middle East and Arab World Headline News”. Al Bawaba. January 1, 1970. Archived from the original on June 18, 2012. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
o ^ Thompson, G. (April 5, 2007). “‘Playboy’ charges thrown out of court”. ABC
News. Retrieved June 7, 2013.
o ^ John Rettie, “7-Eleven’s Ban on Playboy Magazine”, “L.A. Times”, April 19 1986. Retrieved October 29 2021.
o ^ Charles Storch, “7-Eleven Won’t Sell Adult Magazines”, Chicago Tribune, April 11 1986. Retrieved
October 29 2021.
o ^ “Censors lift ban on Playboy”. Archived from the original on January 2, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
o ^ “Too Rude For Queensland”, State Library of Queensland. Retrieved October 29 2021.
o ^ “Military Green Lights
Playboy and Penthouse Before Banning Them”. Outsidethebeltway.com. August 1, 2013. Retrieved February 14, 2016.
o ^ Staff Writer (March 28, 2018). “Now Playboy Deletes Its Facebook Account, Citing Values”. Advertising Age. Bloomberg News. Retrieved
March 29, 2018.
Photo credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/nahidv/13910028149/’]