• The filmmakers have stated that the story of The Lion King was inspired by the lives of Joseph and Moses from the Bible, and Shakespeare’s Hamlet,[34] though the story has
  also drawn some comparisons to Shakespeare’s lesser known plays Henry IV, Part 1 and Part 2.

• [44][51] Animation “The Lion King was considered a little movie because we were going to take some risks.

• [29][30] After six months of story development work, Scribner decided to leave the project upon clashing with Allers and the producers over their decision to turn the film
  into a musical, since Scribner’s intention was of making a documentary-like film more focused on natural aspects.

• [16] It was also decided to make Mufasa and Scar brothers, as the writers felt it was much more interesting if the threat came from someone within the family.

• George Scribner, who had made his feature directorial debut with Oliver & Company (1988), was hired to direct, with Allers joining him soon after following his work as a story
  artist or head of story on Oliver & Company, The Little Mermaid (1989), Beauty and the Beast (1991), and Aladdin (1992).

• [24] George Scribner, who had directed Oliver & Company (1988), was the initial director of the film,[25] being later joined by Roger Allers, who was the lead story man on
  Beauty and the Beast (1991).

• [20] Sometime later, Linda Woolverton, who was also writing Beauty and the Beast (1991), spent a year writing several drafts of the script, which was titled King of the Beasts
  and then King of the Jungle.

• Allers, Minkoff, Chapman, and Hahn then rewrote the story across two weeks of meetings with directors Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale, who had finished directing Beauty and the
  Beast (1991).

• However, Fink, Katzenberg, and Roy E. Disney felt Allen’s script could benefit from a more experienced screenwriter, and turned to Ronald Bass, who had recently won an Academy
  Award for Best Original Screenplay for Rain Man (1988).

• [34] The story artists also did not have much faith in the project, with Chapman declaring she was reluctant to accept the job “because the story wasn’t very good”,[52] and
  Burny Mattinson telling his colleague Joe Ranft: “I don’t know who is going to want to watch that one.

• Inspired by African wildlife, the story is modelled primarily on William Shakespeare’s stage play Hamlet with some influence from the Biblical stories of Joseph and Moses,
  and follows a young heir apparent who is forced to flee after his uncle kills his father and usurps the throne.

• [9] Because the characters were not anthropomorphized, all the animators had to learn to draw four-legged animals, and the story and character development was done through
  the use of longer shots following the characters.

• He also becomes one of Simba’s best friends.

• [16] Katzenberg decided to add elements involving coming of age and death, and ideas from personal life experiences, such as some of his trials in his career in politics,
  saying about the film, “It is a little bit about myself.

• “[17] On October 11, 1988, Thomas Disch (the author of The Brave Little Toaster) had met with Fink and Roy E. Disney to discuss the idea, and within the next month, he had
  written a nine-paged treatment entitled King of the Kalahari.

• “[42] Casting The voice actors were chosen for how they fit and could add to the characters; for instance, James Earl Jones was cast because the directors found his voice
  “powerful” and similar to a lion’s roar.

• He explains that the great kings of the past watch over them from the night sky, from which he will one day watch over Simba.

• The new script, credited to both Allen and Bass, was retitled King of the Beasts and completed on May 23, 1990.

• The film has led to many derived works, such as a Broadway adaptation in 1997; two direct-to-video follow-ups—the sequel, The Lion King II: Simba’s Pride (1998), and the prequel/parallel,
  The Lion King 1½ (2004); two television series, The Lion King’s Timon & Pumbaa (1995-1999) and The Lion Guard (2016-2019), the latter which premiered as a television film titled The Lion Guard: Return of the Roar in 2015; and a photorealistic
  remake in 2019, which also became the highest-grossing animated film at the time of its release.

• His performance in that film inspired the writers to incorporate more of his acting as von Bülow in the script – adding one of that character’s lines, “You have no idea” –
  and prompted animator Andreas Deja to watch Reversal of Fortune and Damage (1992) in order to incorporate Irons’ facial traits and tics.

• [22] The English double act Vic Reeves and Bob Mortimer auditioned for roles as a pair of chipmunks; according to Mortimer, the producers were enthusiastic, but he and Reeves
  were uncomfortable with their corporate attitude and abandoned the film.

• [46] Rowan Atkinson was initially uninterested in the studio’s offer to voice Zazu, later explaining that “voice work is something I generally had never done and never liked
  […] I’m a visual artist, if I’m anything, and it seemed to be a pointless thing to do”.

• Upon meeting at the recording studio, Lane and Sabella – who were starring together in a Broadway production of Guys and Dolls at the time – were asked to record together
  as hyenas.

• Don Hahn[45] The development of The Lion King coincided with that of Pocahontas (1995), which most of the animators of Walt Disney Feature Animation decided to work on instead,
  believing it would be the more prestigious and successful of the two.

• Allers brought in Brenda Chapman and Chris Sanders, whom he had worked with on Beauty and the Beast and Aladdin, to serve as head of story and production designer, respectively.

• [36] Not counting most of the segments from Fantasia (1940), Saludos Amigos (1942), The Three Caballeros (1944), Make Mine Music (1946), and Melody Time (1948); and The Rescuers
  Down Under (1990) (a sequel to The Rescuers (1977)), The Lion King was the first Disney animated feature to be an original story, rather than be based on pre-existing works and characters.

• [41] Hahn stated the film was delayed to a summer 1994 release, “with much consternation, because people said you can’t release animation in the summertime.

• [57][58] Art director Andy Gaskill and the filmmakers sought to give the film a sense of grand sweep and epic scale similar to Lawrence of Arabia (1962).

• The pitch for the story was a lion cub gets framed for murder by his uncle set to the music of Elton John.

• Broderick only recorded with another actor once over the three years he worked on the film, and only learned that Moira Kelly voiced Nala at the film’s premiere.

• The filmmakers also watched the films of John Ford and other filmmakers, which also influenced the design of the film.

• Simba is visited by the spirit of Mufasa in the night sky, who tells him that he must take his place as king.

• [28] In October 1991, several of the lead crew members, including Allers, Scribner, Chapman, Sanders, and Lisa Keene visited Hell’s Gate National Park in Kenya, in order to
  study and gain an appreciation of the environment for the film.

• [j] • Whoopi Goldberg, Cheech Marin, and Jim Cummings as the three leaders of a clan of spotted hyenas, supposed “friends” of Scar who participate in his plot in the death
  of Mufasa and Simba.

• [38][9] Lyricist Tim Rice worked closely with the screenwriting team, flying to California at least once a month, as his songs for the film needed to work in the narrative
  continuity.

• “[53] Most of the leading animators either were doing their first major work supervising a character, or had much interest in animating an animal.

• His friend and fellow Mr. Bean writer/actor Robin Driscoll convinced him to accept the role, and Atkinson retrospectively expressed that The Lion King became “a really, very
  special film”.

• [18][19] Throughout 1989, several Disney staff writers, including Jenny Tripp, Tim Disney, Valerie West and Miguel Tejada-Flores, had written treatments for the project.

• Woolverton, who had just wrapped up work as screenwriter for Beauty and the Beast, wrote the initial draft of the screenplay for this film, but following her departure from
  the project to write the libretto for the Broadway adaptation of Beauty and the Beast, Mecchi and Roberts were brought on board to finish and revise the script.

• [24][31] Hahn found the script unfocused and lacking a clear theme, and after establishing the main theme as “leaving childhood and facing up to the realities of the world”,
  asked for a final retool.

• Allers also changed the character Rafiki from a more serious court advisor into a wacky shaman.

• Six months into production, Scribner left the project due to creative differences with Allers, producer Hahn, and Chapman about changing it into a musical, and Minkoff was
  hired to replace him in April 1992.

• It is considered by many to be among the greatest animated films ever made.

• [6] The Lion King is the first Disney film to have been dubbed in Zulu,[7] the only African language aside from Egyptian Arabic to have been used for a feature-length Disney
  dub.

• Jim Fowler, renowned wildlife expert, visited the studios on several occasions with an assortment of lions and other savannah inhabitants to discuss behavior and help the
  animators give their drawings authenticity.

• Simba grows up with his two new friends in their oasis, living a carefree life under their motto “hakuna matata” (“no worries” in Swahili).

• [14] Another anecdote states that the idea was conceived during a conversation between Katzenberg, Roy E. Disney, and Schneider on a flight to Europe during a promotional
  tour.

• Fink and Allen had earlier made several trips to a Los Angeles zoo to observe the animal behavior that was to be featured in the script.

• Throughout production, Allers, Scribner, Minkoff, Hahn, Chapman, Sanders, and several other animators visited Kenya to observe wildlife and get inspiration for the characters
  and setting.

• But for some reason, the people who ended up on the movie were highly passionate about it and motivated.”

• It received two Academy Awards, as well as the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.

• Tripp’s treatment, dated on March 2, 1989, introduced the name “Simba” for the main character, who gets separated from his pride and is adopted by Kwashi, a baboon, and Mabu,
  a mongoose.

• [l] During the conversation, the topic of a story set in Africa came up, and Katzenberg immediately jumped at the idea.

• • Cummings also voiced a mole that talks with Zazu and sang as Scar in place of Irons for certain lines of “Be Prepared”.

• The epic feel drew inspiration from concept studies by artist Hans Bacher—who, following Scribner’s request for realism, tried to depict effects such as lens flare—and the
  works of painters Charles Marion Russell, Frederic Remington, and Maxfield Parrish.

• Initially, The Lion King was supposed to be a non-musical, leaning towards a style similar to that of a documentary.

• [133] Original theatrical run During the first two days of limited release in two theaters, The Lion King grossed $622,277, and for the weekend it earned nearly $1.6 million,
  placing the film in tenth place at the box office.

• [99] After its initial box-office success, many theaters decided to continue to show the film for more than two weeks, even though its 3D Blu-ray release was scheduled for
  two and a half weeks after its theatrical release.

• [139] For five years, the film held the record for having the highest opening weekend for an animated film until it was surpassed by Toy Story 2 (1999).

• [61] The IMAX and DVD releases added another song, “The Morning Report”, based on a song discarded during development that eventually featured in the live musical version
  of The Lion King.

• [96] It is also the biggest animated movie of the last 50 years in terms of estimated attendance.

• [115] The film sold more than 55 million video copies worldwide by August 1997, making it the best-selling home video title of all time.

• The film’s soundtrack was provided both in its original Dolby 5.1 track and in a new Disney Enhanced Home Theater Mix, making this one of the first Disney DVDs so equipped.

• [78] Localization When first released in 1994, The Lion King numbered 28 versions overall in as many languages and dialects worldwide, including a special Zulu version made
  specifically for the film in South Africa, where a Disney USA team went to find the Zulu voice-actors.

• [79][80] The Lion King marks also the first time a special dubbing is released in honor of a Disney movie background, but not the last: in 2016 the film Moana (2016) received
  a special Tahitian language version,[81] followed in 2017 by a Māori version,[82] in 2018 by a Hawaiian version;[83] and in 2019 the film Frozen II (2019) was dubbed into Northern Sami, even though Frozen (2013) was not.

• [5] The film remained as the second-highest-grossing film until the spot was taken by Independence Day (1996) two years later.

• [75] Release Theatrical The Lion King had a limited release in the United States on June 15, 1994, playing in only two theaters, El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles and Radio
  City Music Hall in New York City,[76] and featuring live shows with ticket prices up to $30.

• [132] The Lion King was also the highest-grossing G-rated film in the United States from 1994 to 2003 and again from 2011 to 2019 until its total was surpassed by Toy Story
  4 (2019) (unadjusted for inflation).

• [119] By means of seamless branching, the film could be viewed either with or without a newly created scene – a short conversation in the film replaced with a complete song
  (“The Morning Report”).

• [111] The Platinum Edition of The Lion King featured changes made to the film during its IMAX re-release, including re-drawn crocodiles in the “I Just Can’t Wait to Be King”
  sequence as well as other alterations.

• [68] Marketing For The Lion King’s first film trailer, Disney opted to feature a single scene, the entire opening sequence with the song “Circle of Life”.

• This made The Lion King the first re-issue release to earn the number-one slot at the American weekend box office since the re-issue of Return of the Jedi (1983) in March
  1997.

• [142] In September 1994, Disney pulled the film from movie theaters and announced that it would be re-released during Thanksgiving in order to take advantage of the holiday
  season.

• [124] The Lion King was once again released to home media as part of the Walt Disney Signature Collection first released on Digital HD on August 15, 2017, and on Blu-ray and
  DVD on August 29, 2017.

• [101] However, none of the re-releases of the first three films achieved the enormous success of The Lion King 3D and the theatrical re-release of The Little Mermaid was ultimately
  cancelled.

• Buena Vista Pictures Distribution president Dick Cook said the decision was made for such an approach because “we were all so taken by the beauty and majesty of this piece
  that we felt like it was probably one of the best four minutes of film that we’ve seen”, and Don Hahn added that “Circle of Life” worked as a trailer as it “came off so strong, and so good, and ended with such a bang”.

• [93][94] The film opened at the number one spot on Friday, September 16, 2011, with $8.9 million[95] and finished the weekend with $30.2 million, ranking number one at the
  box office.

• [140] It remained the number-one box office film for two weeks until it was displaced by Forrest Gump,[141] followed by True Lies the week after.

• [109] A DVD box set of the three The Lion King films (in two-disc Special Edition formats) was released on December 6, 2004.

• [107] Home media The Lion King was first released on VHS and LaserDisc in the United States on March 3, 1995, under Disney’s “Masterpiece Collection” video series.

• [96] The film also achieved the fourth-highest September opening weekend of all time.

• The initial release was produced in three different packages: a two-disc version with Blu-ray and DVD; a four-disc version with Blu-ray, DVD, Blu-ray 3D, and digital copy;
  and an eight-disc box set that also includes the sequels The Lion King II: Simba’s Pride and The Lion King 1½.A standalone single-disc DVD release also followed on November 15, 2011.

• [137] When it opened wide, The Lion King grossed $40.9 million—which at the time was the fourth biggest opening weekend ever and the highest sum for a Disney film—to top the
  weekend box office.

• [131] It held the record for the highest-grossing animated feature film (in North America, outside North America, and worldwide) until it was surpassed by Finding Nemo (2003).

• The VHS tape quickly became the best-selling videotape of all time: 4.5 million tapes were sold on the first day[109] and ultimately sales totaled more than 30 million[110]
  before these home video versions went into moratorium in 1997.

• [98] Most box-office observers had expected the film to fall about 50 percent in its second weekend and were also expecting Moneyball (2011) to be at first place.

• Don Hahn explained that eight years after The Lion King had its original release, “there was a whole new generation of kids who haven’t really seen it, particularly on the
  big screen.”

• Zimmer’s complete instrumental score for the film was never originally given a full release, until the soundtrack’s commemorative twentieth anniversary re-release in 2014.

• [102] In 2012, Ray Subers of Box Office Mojo wrote that the reason why the 3D version of The Lion King succeeded was because, “the notion of a 3D re-release was still fresh
  and exciting, and The Lion King (3D) felt timely given the movie’s imminent Blu-ray release.

• The CAV laserdisc Deluxe Edition also contained the film, six concept art lithographs and The Making of The Lion King, and added storyboards, character design artwork, concept
  art, rough animation, and a directors’ commentary that the VHS edition did not have, on a total of four double sided discs.

• [117] A second disc, with bonus features, was also included in the DVD release.

• [134] The average of $793,377 per theater stands as the largest ever achieved during a weekend,[135] and it was the highest-grossing opening weekend on under 50 screens, beating
  the record set by Star Wars (1977) from 43 screens.

• “[4] On the television program Siskel & Ebert, the film was praised but received a mixed reaction when compared to the previous Disney films.

• [97] It held off very well on its second weekend, again earning first place at the box office with a 27 percent decline to $21.9 million.

• The film also produced the third-highest opening weekend gross of any film, trailing only behind Jurassic Park (1993) and Batman Returns (1992).

• [62] The score was composed by Hans Zimmer, who was hired based on his earlier work on two films in African settings, A World Apart (1988) and The Power of One (1992),[63]
  and supplemented the score with traditional African music and choir elements arranged by Lebo M.[61] Zimmer’s partners Mark Mancina and Jay Rifkin helped with arrangements and song production.

• Audiences have been hit with three 3D re-releases in the year since, meaning the novelty value has definitely worn off.

• The trailer was released in November 1993, accompanying The Three Musketeers (1993) and Sister Act 2: Back in the Habit (1993) in theaters; by then, only a third of The Lion
  King had been completed.

• [60] Rice and John wrote five original songs for The Lion King (“Circle of Life”, “I Just Can’t Wait to Be King”, “Be Prepared”, “Hakuna Matata”, and “Can You Feel the Love
  Tonight”), with John’s performance of “Can You Feel the Love Tonight” playing over the end credits.

• The DVD release featured two versions of the film on the first disc, a remastered version created for the 2002 IMAX release and an edited version of the IMAX release purporting
  to be the original 1994 theatrical version.

• “[103] Disney100 As part of Disney’s 100th anniversary, The Lion King was re-released between September 29 to October 12, 2023 in selected Cinemark theaters across the United
  States as well as Helios theaters across Poland on October 8.

• [98] In North America, the 3D re-release ended its run in theaters on January 12, 2012, with a gross of $94.2 million.

• [66] The Lion King also inspired the 1995 release Rhythm of the Pride Lands, with eight songs by Zimmer, Mancina, and Lebo M.[67] The use of the song “The Lion Sleeps Tonight”
  in a scene with Timon and Pumbaa led to disputes between Disney and the family of South African Solomon Linda, who composed the song (originally titled “Mbube”) in 1939.

• A Special Collector’s Gift Set was also released, containing the DVD set, five exclusive lithographed character portraits (new sketches created and signed by the original
  character animators), and an introductory book entitled The Journey.

• [263] Video games Main article: The Lion King (video game) Along with the film release, three different video games based on The Lion King were released by Virgin Interactive
  in December 1994.

• [231] In June 2014, it was announced that a new TV series based on the film would be released called The Lion Guard, featuring Kion, the second-born cub of Simba and Nala.

• [256] Mufasa: The Lion King Main article: Mufasa: The Lion King On September 29, 2020, Deadline Hollywood reported that a follow-up film was in development with Barry Jenkins
  attached to direct.

• [183] In June 2008, the American Film Institute listed The Lion King as the fourth best film in the animation genre in its AFI’s 10 Top 10 list,[184] having previously put
  “Hakuna Matata” as 99th on its AFI’s 100 Years…100 Songs ranking.

• [254] Black Is King Main article: Black Is King In June 2020, Parkwood Entertainment and Disney announced that a film titled Black Is King would be released on July 31, 2020,
  on Disney+.

• [219] The Lion King director Roger Allers claimed complete unfamiliarity with the series until the movie was nearly completed, and did not remember it being ever mentioned
  during development.

• “[221] Takayuki Matsutani, the president of Tezuka Productions which created Kimba the White Lion, said in 1994 that “quite a few staff of our company saw a preview of The
  Lion King, discussed this subject and came to the conclusion that you cannot avoid having these similarities as long as you use animals as characters and try to draw images out of them”.

• [272][273] Stage adaptations Main article: The Lion King (musical) Walt Disney Theatrical produced a musical stage adaptation of the same name, which premiered in Minneapolis,
  Minnesota in July 1997, and later opened on Broadway in October 1997 at the New Amsterdam Theatre.

• [258] While The Hollywood Reporter said the film would be a prequel about Mufasa during his formative years, Deadline said it would be a sequel centering on both Mufasa’s
  origins and the events after the first film, similar to The Godfather Part II.

• [233][234] CGI remake Main article: The Lion King (2019 film) In September 2016, following the critical and financial success of The Jungle Book, Walt Disney Pictures announced
  that they were developing a CGI remake of The Lion King by the same name, with Jon Favreau directing.

• [235][237] However, it was reported in early 2017 that the latter film was put on hold in order for Favreau to instead focus mainly on The Lion King.

• [255] Directed, written and executive produced by Beyoncé, Black Is King is described as reimagining “the lessons of The Lion King for today’s young kings and queens in search
  of their own crowns”.

• Certain elements of the film were thought to bear a resemblance to Osamu Tezuka’s 1960s Japanese anime television series Jungle Emperor (known as Kimba the White Lion in the
  United States), with some similarities between a number of characters and various individual scenes.

• Accolades List of awards and nominations: Academy Awards: Best Original Score; Best Original Song; American Music Awards: Top Soundtrack; Best Animated Feature; Best Achievement
  in Story Contribution; Golden Globe Awards: Best Original Song – Motion Picture; Grammy Awards: Best Male Pop Vocal Performance; Best Musical Album for Children; Best Spoken Word Album for Children; Other honors In 2008, The Lion King was
  ranked as the 319th greatest film ever made by Empire magazine,[182] and in June 2011, TIME named it one of “The 25 All-TIME Best Animated Films”.

• It was first broadcast on Disney Channel as a television film titled The Lion Guard: Return of the Roar in November 2015 before airing as a series on Disney Junior in January
  2016.

• The Lion King musical was directed by Julie Taymor[274] and featured songs from both the movie and Rhythm of the Pride Lands, along with three new compositions by Elton John
  and Tim Rice.

• [276] The musical became one of the most successful in Broadway history, winning six Tony Awards including Best Musical, and despite moving to the Minskoff Theatre in 2006,
  is still running to this day in New York, becoming the third longest-running show and highest grossing Broadway production in history.

• The first was sequel The Lion King II: Simba’s Pride, released in 1998 on VHS.

• The Lion Guard is a sequel to The Lion King and takes place during the time-gap within The Lion King II: Simba’s Pride,[232] with the last 2 episodes of Season 3 taking place
  after the events of that film.

• However, while Allers did indeed move to Tokyo in 1983 in order to work on Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland (1989), he moved back to the United States in 1985, four
  years before the 1989 remake of Kimba began airing.

• [229] One of the show’s music video segments “Stand By Me”, featuring Timon singing the eponymous song, was later edited into an animated short which was released in 1995,
  accompanying the theatrical release of Tom and Huck (1995).

• “[212][213] Even so, the film was also credited with “spark[ing] an interest” in hyenas at the Berkeley center.

• [269] The Lion King also provides one of the worlds featured in the 2011 action-adventure game Disney Universe,[270] and Simba was featured in the Nintendo DS title Disney
  Friends (2008).

• [264] The film and sequel Simba’s Pride later inspired another game, Torus Games’ The Lion King: Simba’s Mighty Adventure (2000) for the Game Boy Color and PlayStation.

• [217][218] Matthew Broderick believed initially that he was, in fact, working on an American version of Kimba since he was familiar with the Japanese original.

• [252] Production for the film began in May 2017.

• [281] A similar version under the name “The Legend of the Lion King” was featured in Disneyland Paris from 2004 to 2009.

• The first, “The Legend of the Lion King”, featured a recreation of the film through life-size puppets of its characters, and ran from 1994 to 2002 at Magic Kingdom in Walt
  Disney World.

• It is a prequel in showing how Timon and Pumbaa met each other, and also a parallel in that it also depicts what the characters were retconned to have done during the events
  of the original movie.

• [247][248][249][250][251] On November 28, 2017, it was reported that Elton John had signed onto the project to rework his musical compositions from the original film.

• [221][222] Minkoff also observed that whenever a story is based in Africa, it is “not unusual to have characters like a baboon, a bird, or hyenas.

• [239] The following month, it was reported that Beyoncé was Favreau’s top choice to voice Nala, but she had not accepted the role yet due to a pregnancy.

• One hyena researcher, who had organized the animators’ visit to the University of California, Berkeley, Field Station for the Study of Behavior, Ecology, and Reproduction,
  where they would observe and sketch captive hyenas,[211] listed “boycott The Lion King” in an article listing ways to help preserve hyenas in the wild, and later “joke[d] that The Lion King set back hyena conservation efforts.

• [256] The film chronicles the story of a young African king who undergoes a “transcendent journey through betrayal, love and self-identity” to reclaim his throne, utilizing
  the guidance of his ancestors and childhood love, with the story being told through the voices of present-day Black people.

• [24][277][278] The Lion King inspired two attractions retelling the story of the film at Walt Disney Parks and Resorts.

• [262] In September 2022 at the D23 Expo, it was announced that the film will be titled Mufasa: The Lion King and it will follow the titular character’s origin story.

 

Works Cited

[‘Distributed by Buena Vista Pictures Distribution through the Walt Disney Pictures banner.
2. ^ Mark Henn and Ruben A. Aquino respectively served as the supervising animators for young and adult Simba.[9]
3. ^ Andreas Deja served as the supervising
animator for Scar.[9]
4. ^ Tony Fucile served as the supervising animator for Mufasa.[9]
5. ^ Aaron Blaise and Anthony de Rosa respectively served as the supervising animators for young and adult Nala.[9]
6. ^ Michael Surrey served as his supervising
animator.[9]
7. ^ Tony Bancroft served as his supervising animator.[9]
8. ^ James Baxter served as the supervising animator for Rafiki.[9]
9. ^ Ellen Woodbury served as the supervising animator for Zazu.[9]
10. ^ Russ Edmonds served as the
supervising animator for Sarabi.[9]
11. ^ Animated by Alex Kupershmidt and David Burgess.[9]
12. ^ In his book DisneyWar, James B. Stewart states it was a plane trip across Europe while promoting The Little Mermaid (1989).[15] Allan Neuwirth and
Don Hahn separately claimed it was for Oliver & Company (1988).[12][16]
13. “The Lion King (U)”. British Board of Film Classification. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved July 21, 2013.
14. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e “The
Lion King (1994)”. Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Archived from the original on July 24, 2024. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
15. ^ Byrge, Duane (June 27, 2016). “‘The Lion King’: THR’s 1994 Review”. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 24, 2024. The
Lion King is a coming-of-age story
16. ^ Jump up to:a b Ebert, Roger (June 24, 1994). “The Lion King review”. Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved April 14, 2014 – via rogerebert.com. Basically what we have here
is a drama, with comedy occasionally lifting the mood.
17. ^ Jump up to:a b Natale, Richard (December 30, 1994). “The Movie Year: Hollywood Loses Its Middle Class”. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 23, 2022.
18. ^ “With
“20,000 Leagues,” the National Film Registry Reaches 700″ (Press release). National Film Registry. December 23, 2016. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
19. ^ Fallon, Kevin (June 24, 2014). “‘The Lion
King’ Turns 20: Every Crazy, Weird Fact About the Disney Classic”. The Daily Beast. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
20. ^ Mendoza, Jessie (December 22, 2019). “The Lion King (1994 movie)”. Startattle. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
21. ^ Jump up to:a
b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s “The Lion King: Production Notes” (Press release). Walt Disney Pictures. May 25, 1994. Archived from the original on October 26, 2008. Retrieved August 5, 2008 – via LionKing.org.
22. ^ Lawson, Tim; Persons, Alisa
(December 9, 2004). The Magic Behind the Voices: A Who’s Who of Cartoon Voice Actors. Univ. Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-57806-696-4. Archived from the original on June 27, 2014. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
23. ^ Jump up to:a b Koenig 1997, p.
227.
24. ^ Jump up to:a b Neuwirth 2003, p. 13.
25. ^ Chandler 2018, p. 330.
26. ^ Geirland & Keidar 1999, p. 49.
27. ^ Stewart 2005, p. 108.
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Photo credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/titouanrusso/5574219476/’]