• [67] From April to October 1992, Obama directed Illinois’s Project Vote, a voter registration campaign with ten staffers and seven hundred volunteer registrars; it achieved
  its goal of registering 150,000 of 400,000 unregistered African Americans in the state, leading Crain’s Chicago Business to name Obama to its 1993 list of “40 under Forty” powers to be.

• Obama left office on January 20, 2017, and continues to reside in Washington, D.C. During Obama’s terms as president, the United States’ reputation abroad, as well as the
  American economy, significantly improved.

• Obama signed many landmark bills into law during his first two years in office.

• [60] Obama’s election as the first black president of the Harvard Law Review gained national media attention[54][61] and led to a publishing contract and advance for a book
  about race relations,[65] which evolved into a personal memoir.

• [68] Family and personal life Main article: Family of Barack Obama In a 2006 interview, Obama highlighted the diversity of his extended family: “It’s like a little mini-United
  Nations,” he said.

• [184] On June 19, 2008, Obama became the first major-party presidential candidate to turn down public financing in the general election since the system was created in 1976.

• [65] University of Chicago Law School In 1991, Obama accepted a two-year position as Visiting Law and Government Fellow at the University of Chicago Law School to work on
  his first book.

• [77][78] The relationship was not made public until May 2017, several months after his presidency had ended.

• On February 10, 2007, Obama announced his candidacy for President of the United States in front of the Old State Capitol building in Springfield, Illinois.

• [127][128] In 2000, he lost a Democratic primary race for Illinois’s 1st congressional district in the United States House of Representatives to four-term incumbent Bobby
  Rush by a margin of two to one.

• [142] In the March 2004 primary election, Obama won in an unexpected landslide—which overnight made him a rising star within the national Democratic Party, started speculation
  about a presidential future, and led to the reissue of his memoir, Dreams from My Father.

• [79] Robinson was assigned for three months as Obama’s adviser at the firm, and she joined him at several group social functions but declined his initial requests to date.

• [163] Obama also sponsored a Senate amendment to the State Children’s Health Insurance Program, providing one year of job protection for family members caring for soldiers
  with combat-related injuries.

• [155][156] In January 2007, Obama and Senator Feingold introduced a corporate jet provision to the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act, which was signed into law in
  September 2007.

• In February 1981, Obama made his first public speech, calling for Occidental to participate in the disinvestment from South Africa in response to that nation’s policy of apartheid.

• U.S. Senate (2005–2008) See also: United States Senate career of Barack Obama and List of bills sponsored by Barack Obama in the United States Senate Official portrait of
  Obama as a member of the United States Senate Obama was sworn in as a senator on January 3, 2005,[149] becoming the only Senate member of the Congressional Black Caucus.

• [37] Obama chose to stay in Hawaii when his mother and half-sister returned to Indonesia in 1975, so his mother could begin anthropology field work.

• After graduating, Obama worked for about a year at the Business International Corporation, where he was a financial researcher and writer,[48][49] then as a project coordinator
  for the New York Public Interest Research Group on the City College of New York campus for three months in 1985.

• The field narrowed to a duel between Obama and Senator Hillary Clinton after early contests, with the race remaining close throughout the primary process but with Obama gaining
  a steady lead in pledged delegates due to better long-range planning, superior fundraising, dominant organizing in caucus states, and better exploitation of delegate allocation rules.

• [27] Education At the age of six, Obama and his mother had moved to Indonesia to join his stepfather.

• His speech was well received and elevated his status within the Democratic Party.

• [154] In December 2006, President Bush signed into law the Democratic Republic of the Congo Relief, Security, and Democracy Promotion Act, marking the first federal legislation
  to be enacted with Obama as its primary sponsor.

• [108] During Obama’s first presidential campaign in May 2008, he resigned from Trinity after some of Wright’s statements were criticized.

• Obama received national attention in 2004 with his March Senate primary win, his well-received July Democratic National Convention keynote address, and his landslide November
  election to the Senate.

• [137] On October 2, 2002, the day President Bush and Congress agreed on the joint resolution authorizing the Iraq War,[138] Obama addressed the first high-profile Chicago
  anti-Iraq War rally,[139] and spoke out against the war.

• [59] He was selected as an editor of the Harvard Law Review at the end of his first year,[60] president of the journal in his second year,[54][61] and research assistant to
  the constitutional scholar Laurence Tribe while at Harvard for two years.

• [129] In January 2003, Obama became chairman of the Illinois Senate’s Health and Human Services Committee when Democrats, after a decade in the minority, regained a majority.

• [119][120] Legislative career Illinois Senate (1997–2004) Main article: Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama State Senator Obama and others celebrate the naming of a street
  in Chicago after ShoreBank co-founder Milton Davis in 1998 Obama was elected to the Illinois Senate in 1996, succeeding Democratic State Senator Alice Palmer from Illinois’s 13th District, which, at that time, spanned Chicago South Side neighborhoods
  from Hyde Park–Kenwood south to South Shore and west to Chicago Lawn.

• [124][131][132][133] During his 2004 general election campaign for the U.S. Senate, police representatives credited Obama for his active engagement with police organizations
  in enacting death penalty reforms.

• [19][20] In late August 1961, a few weeks after he was born, Barack and his mother moved to the University of Washington in Seattle, where they lived for a year.

• “[41] Obama was also a member of the “choom gang”, a self-named group of friends who spent time together and occasionally smoked marijuana.

• Obama explained how, through working with black churches as a community organizer while in his twenties, he came to understand “the power of the African-American religious
  tradition to spur social change.

• A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African-American president of the United States.

• [73] In Dreams from My Father, Obama ties his mother’s family history to possible Native American ancestors and distant relatives of Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate
  States of America during the American Civil War.

• [21] Obama Sr. returned to Kenya in 1964, where he married for a third time and worked for the Kenyan government as the Senior Economic Analyst in the Ministry of Finance.

• [55] In mid-1988, he traveled for the first time in Europe for three weeks and then for five weeks in Kenya, where he met many of his paternal relatives for the first time.

• [148] He took 92 of the state’s 102 counties, including several where Democrats traditionally do not do well.

• [181][182][183] During both the primary process and the general election, Obama’s campaign set numerous fundraising records, particularly in the quantity of small donations.

• [135] 2004 U.S. Senate campaign Main article: 2004 United States Senate election in Illinois Results of the 2004 U.S. Senate race in Illinois; Obama won the counties in blue.

• [50][51][52] Community organizer and Harvard Law School Two years after graduating from Columbia, Obama moved from New York to Chicago when he was hired as director of the
  Developing Communities Project, a church-based community organization originally comprising eight Catholic parishes in Roseland, West Pullman, and Riverdale on Chicago’s South Side.

• He created a campaign committee, began raising funds, and lined up political media consultant David Axelrod by August 2002.

• On June 6, 2008, Obama unexpectedly flew to a meeting of AIPAC (The American Israel Public Action Committee) where he made a wildly applauded speech in which he declared that
  “Jerusalem will remain the capital of Israel, and it must remain undivided”, contrary to his previous views about the Palestinian issue.

• [143] In July 2004, Obama delivered the keynote address at the 2004 Democratic National Convention,[144] seen by nine million viewers.

• Outside of politics, Obama has published three bestselling books: Dreams from My Father (1995), The Audacity of Hope (2006) and A Promised Land (2020).

• [44] In mid-1981, Obama traveled to Indonesia to visit his mother and half-sister Maya, and visited the families of college friends in Pakistan for three weeks.

• [39] Of his years in Honolulu, Obama wrote: “The opportunity that Hawaii offered — to experience a variety of cultures in a climate of mutual respect — became an integral
  part of my world view, and a basis for the values that I hold most dear.

• [188] He became the first African-American to be elected president.

• [164] Obama held assignments on the Senate Committees for Foreign Relations, Environment and Public Works and Veterans’ Affairs through December 2006.

• [24] Recalling his early childhood, Obama said: “That my father looked nothing like the people around me—that he was black as pitch, my mother white as milk—barely registered
  in my mind.

• [91] In 2011, Obama invited the 1985 Chicago Bears to the White House; the team had not visited the White House after their Super Bowl win in 1986 due to the Space Shuttle
  Challenger disaster.

• Obama and McCain engaged in three presidential debates in September and October 2008.

• Senator Richard Lugar (R-IN) visit a Russian facility for dismantling mobile missiles (August 2005)[159] Later in 2007, Obama sponsored an amendment to the Defense Authorization
  Act to add safeguards for personality-disorder military discharges.

• He also shares distant ancestors in common with George W. Bush and Dick Cheney, among others.

• [169] Presidential campaigns 2008 Main articles: 2008 United States presidential election, Barack Obama 2008 presidential primary campaign, and Barack Obama 2008 presidential
  campaign Obama on stage with wife and daughters just before announcing presidential candidacy in Springfield, Illinois, February 10, 2007 2008 electoral vote results.

• [56][57] Despite being offered a full scholarship to Northwestern University School of Law, Obama enrolled at Harvard Law School in the fall of 1988, living in nearby Somerville,
  Massachusetts.

• [170][171] The choice of the announcement site was viewed as symbolic because it was also where Abraham Lincoln delivered his historic “House Divided” speech in 1858.

• [70] Obama’s mother was survived by her Kansas-born mother, Madelyn Dunham,[71] until her death on November 2, 2008,[72] two days before his election to the presidency.

• [176] This opened the door to additional Jewish funding for his presidential campaign.

• “[105] On September 27, 2010, Obama released a statement commenting on his religious views, saying: I’m a Christian by choice.

• Early life and career Obama was born on August 4, 1961,[3] at Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children in Honolulu, Hawaii.

• [168] Obama resigned his Senate seat on November 16, 2008, to focus on his transition period for the presidency.

• [147] In the November 2004 general election, Obama won with 70 percent of the vote, the largest margin of victory for a Senate candidate in Illinois history.

• [13][16] Obama’s parents met in 1960 in a Russian language class at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, where his father was a foreign student on a scholarship.

• [110][111][112] In 2016, he said that he gets inspiration from a few items that remind him “of all the different people I’ve met along the way”, adding: “I carry these around
  all the time.

• [95] The purchase of an adjacent lot—and sale of part of it to Obama by the wife of developer, campaign donor and friend Tony Rezko—attracted media attention because of Rezko’s
  subsequent indictment and conviction on political corruption charges that were unrelated to Obama.

• [145] Obama’s expected opponent in the general election, Republican primary winner Jack Ryan, withdrew from the race in June 2004.

• He worked there as a community organizer from June 1985 to May 1988.

• So I came to my Christian faith later in life, and it was because the precepts of Jesus Christ spoke to me in terms of the kind of life that I would want to lead—being my
  brothers’ and sisters’ keeper, treating others as they would treat me.

• [77] He proposed to her twice, but both Jager and her parents turned him down.

• [178] At the Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado, Hillary Clinton called for her supporters to endorse Obama, and she and Bill Clinton gave convention speeches
  in his support.

 

Works Cited

[‘1. “Barack Hussein Obama Takes The Oath Of Office” on YouTube. January 20, 2009.
2. ^ Jump up to:a b “Obama wins historic US election”. BBC News. November 5, 2008. Archived from the original on December 18, 2008. Retrieved November 5, 2008.
o Nagourney,
Adam (November 4, 2008). “Obama Elected President as Racial Barrier Falls”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 9, 2008. Retrieved November 5, 2008.
o “Obama: ‘This is your victory'”. CNN. November 5, 2008. Archived from
the original on November 4, 2008. Retrieved November 5, 2008.
3. ^ “President Barack Obama”. The White House. 2008. Archived from the original on October 26, 2009. Retrieved December 12, 2008.
4. ^ “Certificate of Live Birth: Barack Hussein Obama
II, August 4, 1961, 7:24 pm, Honolulu” (PDF). whitehouse.gov. April 27, 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 3, 2017. Retrieved March 11, 2017 – via National Archives.
5. ^ Maraniss, David (August 24, 2008). “Though Obama had to leave
to find himself, it is Hawaii that made his rise possible”. The Washington Post. p. A22. Retrieved October 28, 2008.
6. ^ Nakaso, Dan (December 22, 2008). “Twin sisters, Obama on parallel paths for years”. The Honolulu Advertiser. p. B1. Retrieved
January 22, 2011.
7. ^ Barreto, Amílcar Antonio; O’Bryant, Richard L. (November 12, 2013). “Introduction”. American Identity in the Age of Obama. Taylor & Francis. pp. 18–19. ISBN 978-1-317-93715-9. Retrieved May 8, 2017.
8. ^ “On This Day: US
President Barack Obama arrives in Ireland for a visit”. IrishCentral.com. May 23, 2022. Retrieved August 2, 2022.
9. ^ “Ancestry.com Discovers Ph Suggests” Archived April 2, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times. July 30, 2012.
10. ^
Hennessey, Kathleen. “Obama related to legendary Virginia slave, genealogists say”, Los Angeles Times. July 30, 2012.
11. ^ Maraniss (2012), p. 65: He had been born inside the euphorbia hedges of the K’obama homestead on June 18, 1934.
12. ^
Liberties (2012), p. 202: The age of the father is questionable since most of the documents Barack Hussein Obama filled out during his United States student visa was June 18, 1934; however, Obama II’s book Dreams of My Father states his birth date
was June 18, 1936. Check out Immigration and Naturalization Service records, and those documents also indicate the birth date to be June 18, 1934, thereby making Obama Sr. twenty-seven at the birth of Obama II instead of the annotated twenty-five
on the birth certificate.
13. ^ Jump up to:a b Jacobs, Sally (July 6, 2011). “President Obama’s Father: A ‘Bold And Reckless Life'”. NPR. Retrieved January 16, 2020.
14. ^ Swaine, Jon (April 29, 2011). “Barack Obama’s father ‘forced out of
US in 1960s'”. Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved January 16, 2020.
15. ^ Swarns, Rachel L. “Words of Obama’s Father Still Waiting to Be Read by His Son”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on June
18, 2016. Retrieved January 16, 2020.
16. ^ David R Arnott. “From Obama’s old school to his ancestral village, world reacts to US presidential election”. NBC News. Retrieved January 16, 2020.
17. ^ Jones, Tim (March 27, 2007). “Barack Obama:
Mother not just a girl from Kansas; Stanley Ann Dunham shaped a future senator”. Chicago Tribune. p. 1 (Tempo). Archived from the original on February 7, 2017.
18. ^ Jump up to:a b Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 9–10.
o Scott (2011), pp. 80–86.
o Jacobs
(2011), pp. 115–118.
o Maraniss (2012), pp. 154–160.
19. ^ Ripley, Amanda (April 9, 2008). “The story of Barack Obama’s mother”. Time. Retrieved April 9, 2007.
20. ^ Scott (2011), p. 86.
o Jacobs (2011), pp. 125–127.
o Maraniss (2012),
pp. 160–163.
21. ^ Scott (2011), pp. 87–93.
o Jacobs (2011), pp. 115–118, 125–127, 133–161.
o Maraniss (2012), pp. 170–183, 188–189.
22. ^ Obama “Dreams from My Father a Story of Race and Inheritance”
23. ^ Scott (2011), pp. 142–144.
o Jacobs
(2011), pp. 161–177, 227–230.
o Maraniss (2012), pp. 190–194, 201–209, 227–230.
24. ^ Ochieng, Philip (November 1, 2004). “From home squared to the US Senate: how Barack Obama was lost and found”. The EastAfrican. Nairobi. Archived from the original
on September 27, 2007.
o Merida, Kevin (December 14, 2007). “The ghost of a father”. The Washington Post. p. A12. Retrieved June 25, 2008.
o Jacobs (2011), pp. 251–255.
o Maraniss (2012), pp. 411–417.
25. ^ Serrano, Richard A. (March 11, 2007).
“Obama’s peers didn’t see his angst”. Los Angeles Times. p. A20. Archived from the original on November 8, 2008. Retrieved March 13, 2007.
o Obama (1995, 2004), Chapters 4 and 5.
26. ^ Scott (2011), pp. 97–103.
o Maraniss (2012), pp. 195–201,
225–230.
27. ^ Maraniss (2012), pp. 195–201, 209–223, 230–244.
28. ^ Suhartono, Anton (March 19, 2010). “Sekolah di SD Asisi, Obama Berstatus Agama Islam”. Okezone (in Indonesian). Retrieved January 21, 2021.
29. ^ Maraniss (2012), pp. 216,
221, 230, 234–244.
30. ^ “Barack Obama: Calvert Homeschooler?—Calvert Education Blog”. calverteducation.com. January 25, 2014. Retrieved November 25, 2015.
31. ^ “Wawancara Eksklusif RCTI dengan Barack Obama (Part 2)”. YouTube. March 2010. Retrieved
February 12, 2018.
32. ^ Zimmer, Benjamin (2009). “Obama’s Indonesian Redux”. Language Log. Archived from the original on March 3, 2009. Retrieved March 12, 2009.
o “Obama: Saya Kangen Nasi Goreng, Bakso, dan Rambutan”. Kompas (in Indonesian).
November 26, 2008. Archived from the original on December 3, 2008.
33. ^ Zimmer, Benjamin (January 23, 2009). “Obama’s Indonesian pleasantries: the video”. Language Log. University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved October 7, 2012.
34. ^ Meacham, Jon
(August 22, 2008). “What Barack Obama Learned from His Father”. Newsweek. Archived from the original on January 7, 2017. Retrieved January 9, 2017.
35. ^ Serafin, Peter (March 21, 2004). “Punahou grad stirs up Illinois politics”. Honolulu Star-Bulletin.
Retrieved March 20, 2008.
o Scott, Janny (March 14, 2008). “A free-spirited wanderer who set Obama’s path”. The New York Times. p. A1. Archived from the original on March 14, 2008. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
o Obama (1995, 2004), Chapters 3
and 4.
o Scott (2012), pp. 131–134.
o Maraniss (2012), pp. 264–269.
36. ^ Wolffe, Richard (March 22, 2008). “When Barry Became Barack”. Newsweek. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
37. ^ Scott (2011), pp. 139–157.
o Maraniss (2012), pp. 279–281.
38. ^
Scott (2011), pp. 157–194.
o Maraniss (2012), pp. 279–281, 324–326.
39. ^ Scott (2011), pp. 214, 294, 317–346.
40. ^ Reyes, B.J. (February 8, 2007). “Punahou left lasting impression on Obama”. Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Retrieved February 10, 2007.
As a teenager, Obama went to parties and sometimes sought out gatherings on military bases or at the University of Hawaii that were attended mostly by blacks.
41. ^ Elliott, Philip (November 21, 2007). “Obama gets blunt with N.H. students”. The
Boston Globe. Associated Press. p. 8A. Archived from the original on April 7, 2012. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
42. ^ Karl, Jonathan (May 25, 2012). “Obama and his pot-smoking “choom gang””. ABC News. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
o Obama, Barack (2004)
[1995]. Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance. pp. 93–94. ISBN 978-0-307-39412-5. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
o Maraniss, David (2012). Barack Obama: The Story. pages with “choom gang”. ISBN 978-1-4391-6753-3. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
o for
analysis of the political impact of the quote and Obama’s more recent admission that he smoked marijuana as a teenager (“When I was a kid, I inhaled”), see:
o Seelye, Katharine Q. (October 24, 2006). “Obama offers more variations from the norm”.
The New York Times. p. A21. Retrieved October 29, 2006.
o Romano, Lois (January 3, 2007). “Effect of Obama’s candor remains to be seen”. The Washington Post. p. A1. Retrieved January 14, 2007.
43. ^ “FRONTLINE The Choice 2012”. PBS. October 9,
2012. Retrieved October 29, 2012.
44. ^ Jump up to:a b Gordon, Larry (January 29, 2007). “Occidental recalls ‘Barry’ Obama”. Los Angeles Times. p. B1. Archived from the original on May 24, 2010. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
o Possley, Maurice (March
30, 2007). “Activism blossomed in college”. Chicago Tribune. p. 20. Archived from the original on October 9, 2010. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
o Kovaleski, Serge F. (February 9, 2008). “Old friends say drugs played bit part in Obama’s young life”.
The New York Times. p. A1. Archived from the original on February 11, 2008. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
o Rohter, Larry (April 10, 2008). “Obama says real-life experience trumps rivals’ foreign policy credits”. The New York Times. p. A18. Archived
from the original on April 11, 2008. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
o Goldman, Adam; Tanner, Robert (May 15, 2008). “Old friends recall Obama’s years in LA, NYC”. USA Today. Associated Press. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
o Helman, Scott (August 25, 2008).
“Small college awakened future senator to service (subscription archive)”. The Boston Globe. p. 1A. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
o Jackson, Brooks (June 5, 2009). “More ‘birther’ nonsense: Obama’s 1981 Pakistan trip”. FactCheck.org. Retrieved May
12, 2010.
o Remnick, David (2010). The Bridge: The Life and Rise of Barack Obama. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 98–112. ISBN 978-1-4000-4360-6.
o Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 92–112.
o Mendell (2007), pp. 55–62.
45. ^ Boss-Bicak, Shira (January
2005). “Barack Obama ’83”. Columbia College Today. ISSN 0572-7820. Archived from the original on September 5, 2008. Retrieved October 1, 2006.
46. ^ “Remarks by the President in Town Hall”. whitehouse.gov. June 26, 2014. Retrieved October 15, 2016
– via National Archives.
47. ^ “The Approval Matrix”. New York. August 27, 2012.
48. ^ Horsley, Scott (July 9, 2008). “Obama’s Early Brush With Financial Markets”. NPR. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
49. ^ Obama, Barack (1998). “Curriculum vitae”.
The University of Chicago Law School. Archived from the original on May 9, 2001. Retrieved October 1, 2006.
o Issenberg, Sasha (August 6, 2008). “Obama shows hints of his year in global finance; Tied markets to social aid”. The Boston Globe. p.
1A. Archived from the original on November 7, 2009. Retrieved August 6, 2008.
50. ^ Scott, Janny (July 30, 2007). “Obama’s account of New York often differs from what others say”. The New York Times. p. B1. Archived from the original on October
31, 2007. Retrieved July 31, 2007.
o Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 133–140.
o Mendell (2007), pp. 62–63.
51. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Chassie, Karen, ed. (2007). Who’s Who in America, 2008. New Providence, NJ: Marquis Who’s Who. p. 3468. ISBN 978-0-8379-7011-0.
52. ^
Fink, Jason (November 9, 2008). “Obama stood out, even during brief 1985 NYPIRG job”. Newsday.
53. ^ Lizza, Ryan (March 19, 2007). “The agitator: Barack Obama’s unlikely political education”. The New Republic. Vol. 236, no. 12. pp. 22–26, 28–29.
ISSN 0028-6583. Retrieved August 21, 2007.
o Secter, Bob; McCormick, John (March 30, 2007). “Portrait of a pragmatist”. Chicago Tribune. p. 1. Archived from the original on December 14, 2009. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
o Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 140–295.
o Mendell
(2007), pp. 63–83.
54. ^ Jump up to:a b c Matchan, Linda (February 15, 1990). “A Law Review breakthrough”. The Boston Globe. p. 29. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
o Corr, John (February 27, 1990). “From mean streets to hallowed halls” (paid archive).
The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. C01. Retrieved June 6, 2008.
55. ^ Obama, Barack (August–September 1988). “Why organize? Problems and promise in the inner city”. Illinois Issues. Vol. 14, no. 8–9. pp. 40–42. ISSN 0738-9663. reprinted in:
Knoepfle,
Peg, ed. (1990). After Alinsky: community organizing in Illinois. Springfield, IL: Sangamon State University. pp. 35–40. ISBN 978-0-9620873-3-2. He has also been a consultant and instructor for the Gamaliel Foundation, an organizing institute working
throughout the Midwest.
56. ^ Obama, Auma (2012). And then life happens: a memoir. New York: St. Martin’s Press. pp. 189–208, 212–216. ISBN 978-1-250-01005-6.
57. ^ Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 299–437.
o Maraniss (2012), pp. 564–570.
58. ^ “Ten
O’Clock News; Derrick Bell threatens to leave Harvard”. WGBH, American Archive of Public Broadcasting. Boston and Washington, D.C.: WGBH and the Library of Congress. April 24, 1990. Retrieved September 23, 2016.
59. ^ Joey Del Ponte; Somerville
Scout Staff. “Something in the Water”. Somerville Scout. No. January/February 2014. p. 26. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved January 1, 2020. Barack Obama lived in the big, ivy-covered brick building at 365 Broadway … From
1988 to 1991, the future president resided in a basement apartment while attending Harvard Law School.
60. ^ Jump up to:a b Levenson, Michael; Saltzman, Jonathan (January 28, 2007). “At Harvard Law, a unifying voice”. Boston Globe. p. 1A. Retrieved
June 15, 2008.
o Kantor, Jodi (January 28, 2007). “In law school, Obama found political voice”. The New York Times. p. A1. Archived from the original on March 7, 2007. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
o Mundy, Liza (August 12, 2007). “A series of fortunate
events”. The Washington Post. p. W10. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
o Mendell (2007), pp. 80–92.
61. ^ Jump up to:a b Butterfield, Fox (February 6, 1990). “First black elected to head Harvard’s Law Review”. The New York Times. p. A20. Retrieved June
15, 2008.
o Ybarra, Michael J (February 7, 1990). “Activist in Chicago now heads Harvard Law Review”. Chicago Tribune. p. 3. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
o Drummond, Tammerlin (March 12, 1990). “Barack Obama’s law; Harvard Law Review’s first
black president plans a life of public service”. Los Angeles Times. p. E1. Archived from the original (paid archive) on June 17, 2008. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
o Evans, Gaynelle (March 15, 1990). “Opening another door: The saga of Harvard’s Barack
H. Obama”. Black Issues in Higher Education. Vol. 7, no. 1. p. 5. ISSN 0742-0277. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
o Pugh, Allison J. (April 18, 1990). “Law Review’s first black president aims to help poor” (PDF). The Miami Herald. Associated Press. p.
C01. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
62. ^ Video on YouTube
63. ^ Aguilar, Louis (July 11, 1990). “Survey: Law firms slow to add minority partners”. Chicago Tribune. p. 1 (Business). Archived from the original on September 29, 2008. Retrieved June
15, 2008.
64. ^ “Obama joins list of seven presidents with Harvard degrees”. news.harvard.edu. November 6, 2008. Retrieved October 23, 2017. Adams, Richard (May 9, 2007). “Barack Obama”. The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on October
13, 2008. Retrieved October 26, 2008.
65. ^ Jump up to:a b c Scott, Janny (May 18, 2008). “The story of Obama, written by Obama”. The New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
o Obama (1995, 2004), pp. xiii–xvii.
66. ^ Merriner, James
L. (June 2008). “The friends of O”. Chicago. Vol. 57, no. 6. pp. 74–79, 97–99. ISSN 0362-4595. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
o Zengerle, Jason (July 30, 2008). “Con law; What the University of Chicago right thinks of Obama”. The New Republic. Vol.
239, no. 1. pp. 7–8. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
o Kantor, Jodi (July 30, 2008). “Teaching law, testing ideas, Obama stood slightly apart”. The New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
o Gray, Steven (September 10, 2008). “Taking professor
Obama’s class”. Time. Archived from the original on May 12, 2009. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
o Starr, Alexandra (September 21, 2008). “Case study”. The New York Times Magazine. p. 76. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
o Hundley, Tom (March 22, 2009).
“Ivory tower of power”. Chicago Tribune Magazine. p. 6. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
67. ^ “Statement regarding Barack Obama”. University of Chicago Law School. March 27, 2008. Archived from the original on June 8, 2008. Retrieved June 5, 2008.
o Miller,
Joe (March 28, 2008). “Was Barack Obama really a constitutional law professor?”. FactCheck.org. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
o Holan, Angie Drobnic (March 7, 2008). “Obama’s 20 years of experience”. PolitiFact.com. Retrieved June 10, 2008.
68. ^ White,
Jesse, ed. (2000). Illinois Blue Book, 2000, Millennium ed (PDF). Springfield, IL: Illinois Secretary of State. p. 83. OCLC 43923973. Archived from the original on April 16, 2004. Retrieved June 6, 2008.
o Jarrett, Vernon (August 11, 1992). “‘Project
Vote’ brings power to the people” (paid archive). Chicago Sun-Times. p. 23. Retrieved June 6, 2008.
o Reynolds, Gretchen (January 1993). “Vote of confidence”. Chicago Magazine. Vol. 42, no. 1. pp. 53–54. ISSN 0362-4595. Archived from the original
on May 14, 2008. Retrieved June 6, 2008.
o Anderson, Veronica (October 3, 1993). “40 under Forty: Barack Obama, Director, Illinois Project Vote”. Crain’s Chicago Business. Vol. 16, no. 39. p. 43. ISSN 0149-6956.
69. ^ “Keeping Hope Alive: Barack
Obama Puts Family First”. The Oprah Winfrey Show. October 18, 2006. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
70. ^ Fornek, Scott (September 9, 2007). “Half Siblings: ‘A Complicated Family'”. Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on January 18, 2010. Retrieved
June 24, 2008. See also: “Interactive Family Tree”. Chicago Sun-Times. September 9, 2007. Archived from the original on July 3, 2008. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
71. ^ Fornek, Scott (September 9, 2007). “Madelyn Payne Dunham: ‘A Trailblazer'”. Chicago
Sun-Times. Archived from the original on March 4, 2009. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
72. ^ “Obama’s grandmother dies after battle with cancer”. CNN. November 3, 2008. Archived from the original on November 3, 2008. Retrieved November 4, 2008.
73. ^
Smolenyak, Megan (May 9, 2011). “Tracing Barack Obama’s Roots to Moneygall”. The Huffington Post.
74. ^ Obama (1995, 2004), p. 13. For reports on Obama’s maternal genealogy, including slave owners, Irish connections, and common ancestors with
George W. Bush, Dick Cheney, and Harry S. Truman, see: Nitkin, David; Merritt, Harry (March 2, 2007). “A New Twist to an Intriguing Family History”. The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
75. ^
Jordan, Mary (May 13, 2007). “Tiny Irish Village Is Latest Place to Claim Obama as Its Own”. The Washington Post. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
76. ^ “Obama’s Family Tree Has a Few Surprises”. CBS 2 (Chicago). Associated Press. September 8, 2007. Archived
from the original on June 2, 2008. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
77. ^ Jump up to:a b Hosie, Rachel (May 3, 2017). “BEFORE MICHELLE: THE STORY OF BARACK OBAMA’S PROPOSAL TO SHEILA MIYOSHI JAGER”. The Independent. Retrieved May 11, 2017.
78. ^ Jump
up to:a b Tobias, Andrew J. (May 3, 2017). “Oberlin College professor received unsuccessful marriage proposal from Barack Obama in 1980s, new biography reveals”. The Plain Dealer. Retrieved May 11, 2017.
79. ^ Obama (2006), pp. 327–332. See also:
Brown, Sarah (December 7, 2005). “Obama ’85 masters balancing act”. The Daily Princetonian. Archived from the original on February 20, 2009. Retrieved February 9, 2009.
80. ^ Obama (2006), p. 329.
81. ^ Fornek, Scott (October 3, 2007). “Michelle
Obama: ‘He Swept Me Off My Feet'”. Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on December 8, 2009. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
82. ^ Riley-Smith, Ben (November 9, 2018). “Michelle Obama had miscarriage, used IVF to conceive girls”. The Telegraph.
Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
83. ^ Martin, Jonathan (July 4, 2008). “Born on the 4th of July”. Politico. Archived from the original on July 10, 2008. Retrieved July 10, 2008.
84. ^ Obama (1995, 2004),
p. 440, and Obama (2006), pp. 339–340. See also: “Election 2008 Information Center: Barack Obama”. Gannett News Service. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
85. ^ “Obamas choose private Sidwell Friends School”. International Herald Tribune. November 22, 2008.
Archived from the original on January 29, 2009. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
86. ^ Cooper, Helene (April 13, 2009). “One Obama Search Ends With a Puppy Named Bo”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 16, 2009. Retrieved December 22,
2010.
87. ^ Feldmann, Linda (August 20, 2013). “New little girl arrives at White House. Meet Sunny Obama. (+video)”. Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved August 20, 2013.
88. ^ Wang, Amy (May 8, 2021). “Obamas announce death of dog Bo, ‘a true
friend and loyal companion'”. The Washington Post. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
89. ^ Silva, Mark (August 25, 2008). “Barack Obama: White Sox ‘serious’ ball”. Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on August 29, 2008.
90. ^ “Barack Obama Explains
White Sox Jacket, Talks Nats in All-Star Booth Visit”. MLB Fanhouse. July 14, 2009. Archived from the original on July 4, 2012. Retrieved December 6, 2009.
91. ^ Branigin, William (January 30, 2009). “Steelers Win Obama’s Approval”. The Washington
Post. But other than the Bears, the Steelers are probably the team that’s closest to my heart.
92. ^ Mayer, Larry (October 7, 2011). “1985 Bears honored by President Obama”. Chicago Bears. Archived from the original on May 7, 2013. Retrieved November
4, 2012.
93. ^ Kantor, Jodi (June 1, 2007). “One Place Where Obama Goes Elbow to Elbow”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 1, 2009. Retrieved April 28, 2008. See also: “The Love of the Game” (video). Real Sports with Bryant
Gumbel. HBO. April 15, 2008. Retrieved October 12, 2011.
94. ^ Stolberg, Sheryl Gay; Kirkpatrick, David D.; Shane, Scott (January 22, 2009). “On First Day, Obama Quickly Sets a New Tone”. The New York Times. p. 1. Archived from the original on January
23, 2009. Retrieved September 7, 2012.
95. ^ Zeleny, Jeff (December 24, 2005). “The first time around: Sen. Obama’s freshman year”. Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on May 13, 2011. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
96. ^ Slevin, Peter (December
17, 2006). “Obama says he regrets land deal with fundraiser”. The Washington Post. Retrieved June 10, 2008.
o Robinson, Mike (June 4, 2008). “Rezko found guilty in corruption case”. NBC News. Associated Press. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
97. ^ Harris,
Marlys (December 7, 2007). “Obama’s Money”. CNNMoney. Archived from the original on April 24, 2008. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
See also:Goldfarb, Zachary A (March 24, 2007). “Measuring Wealth of the ’08 Candidates”. The Washington Post. Retrieved
April 28, 2008.
98. ^ Zeleny, Jeff (April 17, 2008). “Book Sales Lifted Obamas’ Income in 2007 to a Total of $4.2 Million”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 16, 2009. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
99. ^ Shear, Michael D.; Hilzenrath,
David S. (April 16, 2010). “Obamas report $5.5 million in income on 2009 tax return”. The Washington Post. Retrieved December 22, 2010.
100. ^ Solman, Paul (April 18, 2011). “How Much Did President Obama Make in 2010?”. PBS NewsHour. Archived from
the original on May 2, 2011. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
101. ^ Solman, Paul (April 27, 2011). “The Obamas Gave $131,000 to Fisher House Foundation in 2010; What Is It?”. PBS NewsHour. Archived from the original on January 29, 2014. Retrieved January
27, 2012.
102. ^ Wolf, Richard (May 16, 2012). “Obama worth as much as $10 million”. USA Today. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
103. ^ “American President: Barack Obama”. Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. 2009. Archived from the
original on January 23, 2009. Retrieved January 23, 2009. Religion: Christian
o “The Truth about Barack’s Faith” (PDF). Obama for America. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 5, 2011. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
o Miller, Lisa (July 18, 2008).
“Finding his faith”. Newsweek. Archived from the original on February 6, 2010. Retrieved February 4, 2010. He is now a Christian, having been baptized in the early 1990s at Trinity United Church of Christ in Chicago.
o Barakat, Matthew (November
17, 2008). “Obama’s church choice likely to be scrutinized; D.C. churches have started extending invitations to Obama and his family”. NBC News. Associated Press. Retrieved January 20, 2009. The United Church of Christ, the denomination from which
Obama resigned when he left Wright’s church, issued a written invitation to join a UCC denomination in Washington and resume his connections to the church.
o “Barack Obama, long time UCC member, inaugurated forty-fourth U.S. President”. United
Church of Christ. January 20, 2009. Archived from the original on January 25, 2009. Retrieved January 21, 2009. Barack Obama, who spent more than 20 years as a UCC member, is the forty-fourth President of the United States.
o Sullivan, Amy (June
29, 2009). “The Obama’s find a church home—away from home”. Time. Archived from the original on April 4, 2010. Retrieved February 5, 2010. instead of joining a congregation in Washington, D.C., he will follow in George W. Bush’s footsteps and make
his primary place of worship Evergreen Chapel, the nondenominational church at Camp David.
o Kornblut, Anne E. (February 4, 2010). “Obama’s spirituality is largely private, but it’s influential, advisers say”. The Washington Post. p. A6. Retrieved
February 5, 2010. Obama prays privately … And when he takes his family to Camp David on the weekends, a Navy chaplain ministers to them, with the daughters attending a form of Sunday school there.
104. ^ Obama (2006), pp. 202–208. Portions excerpted
in: Obama, Barack (October 16, 2006). “My Spiritual Journey”. Time. Archived from the original on April 30, 2008. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
o Obama, Barack (June 28, 2006). “‘Call to Renewal’ Keynote Address”. Barack Obama: U.S. Senator for Illinois.
Archived from the original on January 4, 2009. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
105. ^ Pulliam, Sarah; Olsen, Ted (January 23, 2008). “Q&A: Barack Obama”. Christianity Today. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
106. ^ Babington, Charles; Superville, Darlene (September
28, 2010). “Obama ‘Christian By Choice’: President Responds To Questioner”. The Huffington Post. Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011.
107. ^ “President Obama: ‘I am a Christian By Choice … The Precepts of Jesus Spoke
to Me'”. ABC News. September 29, 2010. Archived from the original on July 13, 2012. Retrieved December 27, 2016.
108. ^ Garrett, Major; Obama, Barack (March 14, 2008). “Obama talks to Major Garrett on ‘Hannity & Colmes'”. RealClearPolitics. Retrieved
November 10, 2012. Major Garrett, Fox News correspondent: So the first question, how long have you been a member in good standing of that church? Sen. Barack Obama (D-IL), presidential candidate: You know, I’ve been a member since 1991 or ’92. And—but
I have known Trinity even before then when I was a community organizer on the South Side, helping steel workers find jobs … Garrett: As a member in good standing, were you a regular attendee of Sunday services? Obama: You know, I won’t say that
I was a perfect attendee. I was regular in spurts, because there was times when, for example, our child had just been born, our first child. And so we didn’t go as regularly then.
o “Obama strongly denounces former pastor”. NBC News. Associated
Press. April 29, 2008. Retrieved November 10, 2012. I have been a member of Trinity United Church of Christ since 1992, and have known Reverend Wright for 20 years. The person I saw yesterday was not the person [whom] I met 20 years ago.
o Miller,
Lisa (July 11, 2008). “Finding his faith”. Newsweek. Archived from the original on July 20, 2013. Retrieved November 10, 2012. He is now a Christian, having been baptized in the early 1990s at Trinity United Church of Christ in Chicago.
o Remnick,
David (2010). The Bridge: The Life and Rise of Barack Obama. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 177. ISBN 978-1-4000-4360-6. In late October 1987, his third year as an organizer, Obama went with Kellman to a conference on the black church and social justice
at the Harvard Divinity School.
o Maraniss (2012), p. 557: It would take time for Obama to join and become fully engaged in Wright’s church, a place where he would be baptized and married; that would not happen until later, during his second time
around in Chicago, but the process started then, in October 1987 … Jerry Kellman: “He wasn’t a member of the church during those first three years, but he was drawn to Jeremiah.”
o Peter, Baker (2017). Obama: The Call of History. New York: The
New York Times Company/Callaway. ISBN 978-0-935112-90-0. OCLC 1002264033.
109. ^ “Obama’s church choice likely to be scrutinized”. NBC News. Associated Press. November 17, 2008. Retrieved January 20, 2009.
110. ^ Parker, Ashley (December 28,
2013). “As the Obamas Celebrate Christmas, Rituals of Faith Become Less Visible”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 30, 2013. Retrieved January 15, 2017.
111. ^ Gilgoff, Dan (June 30, 2009). “TIME Report, White House Reaction
Raise More Questions About Obama’s Church Hunt”. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved January 15, 2017.
112. ^ “First Lady: We Use Sundays For Naps If We’re Not Going To Church”. CBS DC. Associated Press. April 22, 2014. Retrieved January 15, 2017.
113. ^
“Revealed: Obama always carries Hanuman statuette in pocket”. The Hindu. January 16, 2016. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
114. ^ “Obama Reveals Lucky Charms During Interview”. Associated Press. January 16, 2016. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
115. ^ United
States District Court: Northern District of Illinois—CM/ECF LIVE, Ver 3.0 (Chicago) (July 6, 1994). “Civil Docket for Case #: 1:94-cv-04094” (PDF). clearinghouse.net. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
116. ^ “Buycks-Roberson v. Citibank Fed. Sav. Bank—Civil
Rights Litigation Clearinghouse”. clearinghouse.net. Retrieved November 25, 2015.
117. ^ United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois Eastern Division (January 16, 1988). “Settlement Agreement” (PDF). clearinghouse.net. Retrieved
June 3, 2016.
118. ^ United States District Court For the Northern District of Illinois Eastern Division (May 13, 1998). “Final Judgment and Order of Dismissal” (PDF). clearinghouse.net. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
119. ^ Gore, D’Angelo (June 14,
2012). “The Obamas’ Law Licenses”. FactCheck.org. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
120. ^ Robinson, Mike (February 20, 2007). “Obama got start in civil rights practice”. The Boston Globe. Associated Press. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
o Pallasch, Abdon M.
(December 17, 2007). “As lawyer, Obama was strong, silent type; He was ‘smart, innovative, relentless,’ and he mostly let other lawyers do the talking”. Chicago Sun-Times. p. 4. Retrieved June 15, 2008.(subscription required)
o Morain, Dan (April
6, 2008). “Obama’s law days effective but brief”. Los Angeles Times. p. A14. Retrieved February 14, 2010.
o “Document”. Chicago Tribune. June 27, 1993. p. 9 (Business). Archived from the original on December 4, 2013. Retrieved June 15, 2008.(subscription
required)
o “Business appointments”. Chicago-Sun-Times. July 5, 1993. p. 40. Retrieved June 15, 2008.(subscription required)
o Ripley, Amanda (November 3, 2004). “Obama’s ascent”. Time. Archived from the original on August 11, 2010. Retrieved
February 13, 2010.
o “About us”. Miner, Barnhill & Galland—Chicago, Illinois. 2008. Archived from the original on July 20, 2008. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
o Reardon, Patrick T. (June 25, 2008). “Obama’s Chicago”. Chicago Tribune. p. 1 (Tempo).
Retrieved February 13, 2010.
o Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 438–439.
o Mendell (2007), pp. 104–106.
121. ^ Jackson, David; Long, Ray (April 3, 2007). “Obama Knows His Way Around a Ballot”. Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on October 11,
2008. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
o White, Jesse (2001). “Legislative Districts of Cook County, 1991 Reapportionment” (PDF). Illinois Blue Book 2001–2002. Springfield: Illinois Secretary of State. p. 65. Archived from the original (PDF) on February
26, 2008. Retrieved July 16, 2011. State Sen. District 13 = State Rep. Districts 25 & 26.
122. ^ Slevin, Peter (February 9, 2007). “Obama Forged Political Mettle in Illinois Capitol”. The Washington Post. Retrieved April 20, 2008.
123. ^ Helman,
Scott (September 23, 2007). “In Illinois, Obama dealt with Lobbyists”. The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on April 16, 2008. Retrieved April 20, 2008. See also:”Obama Record May Be Gold Mine for Critics”. CBS News. Associated Press. January
17, 2007. Archived from the original on April 12, 2008. Retrieved April 20, 2008.
124. ^ Jump up to:a b Scott, Janny (July 30, 2007). “In Illinois, Obama Proved Pragmatic and Shrewd”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 10,
2008. Retrieved April 20, 2008.
125. ^ Allison, Melissa (December 15, 2000). “State takes on predatory lending; Rules would halt single-premium life insurance financing” (paid archive). Chicago Tribune. p. 1 (Business). Archived from the original
on June 17, 2008. Retrieved June 1, 2008.
126. ^ Long, Ray; Allison, Melissa (April 18, 2001). “Illinois OKs predatory loan curbs; State aims to avert home foreclosures”. Chicago T Photo credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/gnuckx/5674707464/’]