industrial enzymes

 

  • For example, enzymes used for diagnostic purposes must be separated to a higher purity than bulk industrial enzymes to prevent catalytic activity that provides erroneous results.

  • [12] Concentration and primary purification of enzymes[edit] Depending on the intended use of the enzyme, different levels purity are required.

  • [1] Enzymes as a unit of operation Immobilization[edit] Despite their excellent catalytic capabilities, enzymes and their properties must be improved prior to industrial implementation
    in many cases.

  • Some aspects of enzymes that must be improved prior to implementation are stability, activity, inhibition by reaction products, and selectivity towards non-natural substrates.

  • Enzyme separation may be accomplished through solid-liquid extraction techniques such as centrifugation or filtration, and the product-containing solution is fed downstream
    for product separation.

  • Industrial biological catalysis through enzymes has experienced rapid growth in recent years due to their ability to operate at mild conditions, and exceptional chiral and
    positional specificity, things that traditional chemical processes lack.

  • Most enzymes are produced under aerobic conditions, and as a result, require constant oxygen input, impacting fermenter design.

  • Enzymes may be used as a unit operation within a process to generate a desired product, or may be the product of interest.

  • [12] Process development[edit] Process development is typically performed after genetic modification of the source organism, and involves the modification of the culture medium
    and growth conditions.

  • These immobilization techniques occur at ambient temperatures in mild conditions, which have limited potential to modify the structure and function of the enzyme.

  • Once the source of the enzyme is selected, genetic modifications may be performed to increase the expression of the gene responsible for producing the enzyme.

  • Whole cells are typically used when a reaction requires a co-factor.

  • [5] Covalent binding[edit] Example of Enzyme Immobilization through Covalent Binding Many binding chemistries may be used to adhere an enzyme to a surface to varying degrees
    of success.

  • It is common to examine the role of enzymes in nature and how they relate to the desired industrial process.

 

Works Cited

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Photo credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/epw/2430566689/’]