prague

 

  • [21] History During the thousand years of its existence, Prague has grown from a settlement stretching from Prague Castle in the north to the fort of in the south, to become
    the capital of a modern European country.

  • [23] Around the fifth and fourth century BC, a Celtic tribe appeared in the area, later establishing settlements, including the largest Celtic oppidum in Bohemia, Závist,
    in a present-day south suburb Zbraslav in Prague, and naming the region of Bohemia, which means “home of the Boii people”.

  • [25][23] Around the area where present-day Prague stands, the 2nd century map drawn by Ptolemaios mentioned a Germanic city called Casurgis.

  • [22] A model representing Prague Castle and its surroundings in the 10th century The construction of what came to be known as Prague Castle began near the end of the 9th century,
    expanding a fortified settlement that had existed on the site since the year 800.

  • [10] Prague is home to a number of well-known cultural attractions, many of which survived the violence and destruction of 20th-century Europe.

  • In the following years, the Czech National Revival began its rise, until it gained the majority in the town council in 1861.

  • [77] Historical population[edit] Development of the Prague population since 1378[78] (since 1869 according to the censuses within the limits of present-day Prague):[79][80]
    Foreign residents[edit] As of 31 March 2023, there were 325,336 foreign residents in Prague, of which 118,996 with permanent residence in Prague.

  • [citation needed] In the following two centuries, Prague strengthened its role as a merchant city.

  • Prague is also called the “City of a Hundred Spires”, based on a count by 19th century mathematician Bernard Bolzano; today’s count is estimated by the Prague Information
    Service at 500.

  • [20] Nicknames for Prague have also included: the Golden City, the Mother of Cities and the Heart of Europe.

  • In 1400, Prague had 95,000 inhabitants, making it the third largest city in Europe (after Paris and Venice).

  • [55] Many historic structures in Prague, however, escaped the destruction of the war and the damage was small compared to the total destruction of many other cities in that
    time.

  • The city played major roles in the Bohemian and the Protestant Reformations, the Thirty Years’ War and in 20th-century history as the capital of Czechoslovakia between the
    World Wars and the post-war Communist era.

  • [35] In 1257, under King Ottokar II, Malá Strana (“Lesser Quarter”) was founded in Prague on the site of an older village in what would become the (Prague Castle) area.

  • Prague was also once home to an important slave market.

  • Main attractions include Prague Castle, Charles Bridge, Old Town Square with the Prague astronomical clock, the Jewish Quarter.

  • This spurred the new secretary of the Czechoslovak Communist Party, to proclaim a new deal in his city’s and country’s life, starting the short-lived season of the “socialism
    with a human face”.

  • It is home to a wide range of public and private schools, including Charles University in Prague, the oldest university in Central Europe.

  • Four years later Prague experienced its first defenestration, when the people rebelled under the command of the Prague priest.

  • At this time Prague was a true European capital with highly developed industry.

  • A first suburb, Karlín, was created in 1817, and twenty years later the population exceeded 100,000.

  • Prague had a German-speaking majority in 1848, but by 1880 the number of German speakers had decreased to 14% (42,000), and by 1910 to 6.7% (37,000), due to a massive increase
    of the city’s overall population caused by the influx of Czechs from the rest of Bohemia and Moravia and the increasing prestige and importance of the Czech language as part of the Czech National Revival.

  • One of these banners was captured by Swedish troops during the Battle of Prague (1648), when they captured the western bank of the Vltava river and were repulsed from the
    eastern bank, they placed it in the Royal Military Museum in Stockholm; although this flag still exists, it is in very poor condition.

  • Following this in 1621 was an execution of 27 Czech Protestant leaders (involved in the uprising) in Old Town Square and the exiling of many others.

  • At that time, the castle was surrounded by forests, covering the nine hills of the future city – the Old Town on the opposite side of the river, as well as the Lesser Town
    beneath the existing castle, appeared only later.

  • He took Prague after a severe and prolonged siege in the course of which a large part of the town was destroyed.

  • [75] Data taken from mobile phone movements around the city suggest that the real population of Prague is closer to 1.9 or 2.0 million, with an additional 300,000 to 400,000
    commuters coming to the city on weekdays for work, education, or commerce.

  • The 4th Czechoslovak Writers’ Congress, held in the city in June 1967, took a strong position against the regime.

  • Many rich merchants and nobles enhanced the city with a host of palaces, churches and gardens full of art and music, creating a Baroque city renowned throughout the world
    to this day.

  • In the second half of the 17th century, Prague’s population began to grow again.

  • With the growth of low-cost airlines in Europe, Prague has become a weekend city destination allowing tourists to visit its museums and cultural sites as well as try its Czech
    beers and cuisine.

  • In the 1470s, Prague had around 70,000 inhabitants and with an area of 360 ha (~1.4 square miles) it was the third-largest city in the Holy Roman Empire.

  • Since this city militia flag was in use before 1477 and during the Hussite Wars, it is the oldest still preserved municipal flag of Bohemia.

  • In the following three centuries, the Czech tribes built several fortified settlements in the area, most notably in the.

  • In 1618, the famous second defenestration of Prague provoked the Thirty Years’ War, a particularly harsh period for Prague and Bohemia.

  • Prague also hosts the Czech Beer Festival, which is the largest beer festival in the Czech Republic held for 17 days every year in May.

  • Demographics 2011 census[edit] Even though the official population of Prague hovers around 1.3 million as of the 2011 census, the city’s real population is much higher due
    to only 65% of its residents being marked as permanently living in the city.

  • [76] About 14% of the city’s inhabitants were born outside the Czech Republic, the highest proportion in the country.

  • For most of its history, Prague had been a multi-ethnic city[52] with important Czech, German and (mostly native German-speaking) Jewish populations.

  • The earliest evidence indicates that a gonfalon with a municipal charge painted on it was used for the Old Town as early as 1419.

  • In the late 1990s, Prague again became an important cultural center of Europe and was notably influenced by globalisation.

  • [27] The first masonry under Prague Castle dates from the year 885 at the latest.

  • After the Velvet Revolution[edit] Prague high-rise buildings at Pankrác In 1989, after riot police beat back a peaceful student demonstration, the Velvet Revolution crowded
    the streets of Prague, and the capital of Czechoslovakia benefited greatly from the new mood.

  • Cold War[edit] Main articles: History of Czechoslovakia (1948–89) and Czechoslovak Socialist Republic Velvet Revolution in November 1989 Prague was a city in a country under
    the military, economic, and political control of the Soviet Union (see Iron Curtain and COMECON).

  • [33] The Old New Synagogue of 1270 still stands in the city.

  • Recent major events held in Prague: • International Monetary Fund and World Bank Summit 2000 • NATO Summit 2002 • International Olympic Committee Session 2004 • IAU General
    Assembly 2006 (Definition of planet) • EU & USA Summit 2009 • Czech Presidency of the Council of the European Union 2009 • USA & Russia Summit 2010 (signing of the New START treaty) Cuisine[edit] In 2008, the Allegro restaurant received the
    first Michelin star in the whole of the post-Communist part of Central Europe.

  • The following nationalities are the most numerous:[81] Culture The city is traditionally one of the cultural centres of Europe, hosting many cultural events.

  • Jews had been in Prague since the end of the 10th century and, by 1708, they accounted for about a quarter of Prague’s population.

  • The Industrial Revolution produced great changes and developments in Prague, as new factories could take advantage of the coal mines and ironworks of the nearby regions.

  • Rudolf was an art lover as well, and Prague became the capital of European culture.

  • From 1995 high-rise buildings began to be built in Prague in large quantities.

  • [32] Prague was an important seat for trading where merchants from across Europe settled, including many Jews, as recalled in 965 by the Hispano-Jewish merchant and traveler
    Abraham ben Jacob.

  • In 1713–14, a major outbreak of plague hit Prague one last time, killing 12,000 to 13,000 people.

  • [38] Charles IV ordered the building of the New Town adjacent to the Old Town and laid out the design himself.

  • Prague also houses the administrative institutions of the Central Bohemian Region.

  • [58] In 2000, the IMF and World Bank summits took place in Prague and anti-globalization riots took place here.

  • Czech beer has a long history, with brewing taking place in Monastery in 993.

  • [47] Prague began a steady decline which reduced the population from the 60,000 it had had in the years before the war to 20,000.

  • Since 24 November 1990, it is de facto again a statutory city, but has a specific status of the municipality and the region at the same time.

  • [40][41] The Prague astronomical clock was first installed in 1410, making it the third-oldest astronomical clock in the world and the oldest one still working.

  • [29] Prague Castle is dominated by the cathedral, which began construction in 1344, but was not completed until the 20th century.

  • Since 1992, the historic center of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.

  • However, 64.8% of the city’s population self-identified as ethnically Czech, which is slightly higher than the national average of 63.7%.

  • [28] The other prominent Prague fort, the fort, was founded in the 10th century, some 70 years later than Prague Castle.

  • Also, the romantic music video “Never Tear Us Apart” by INXS, “Diamonds from Sierra Leone” by Kanye West was shot in the city, and features shots of the Charles Bridge and
    the Astronomical Clock, among other landmarks.

  • The majority (about 50,000 people) of the German population of Prague either fled or were expelled by the decrees in the aftermath of the war.

  • However a month later, Frederick the Great was defeated and forced to retreat from Bohemia.

  • Second World War[edit] Prague liberated by the Red Army in May 1945 Further information: German occupation of Czechoslovakia Hitler ordered the German Army to enter Prague
    on 15 March 1939, and from Prague Castle proclaimed Bohemia and Moravia a German protectorate.

  • [77] Prague’s population is the oldest and best-educated in the country.

  • [26] In the late 5th century AD, during the great Migration Period following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, the Germanic tribes living in Bohemia moved westwards
    and, probably in the 6th century, the Slavic tribes (Venedi) settled the Central Bohemian Region.

  • The city suffered subsequently during the war under an attack by Electorate of Saxony (1631) and during the Battle of Prague (1648).

  • Administration Administrative division[edit] Map of Prague cadastral areas and administrative districts Main article: Districts of Prague Prague is the capital of the Czech
    Republic and as such is the regular seat of its central authorities.

 

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Photo credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/sadiediane/3514340206/’]