• However, because normalization process theory specifies a set of generative mechanisms that empirical investigation has shown to be relevant to implementation and integration
  of new technologies, it can also be used in larger scale structured and comparative studies.

• Contexts[edit] The third iteration of the theory developed the analysis of agentic contributions by offering an account of centrally important structural and cognitive resources
  on which agents draw as they take action.

• [9] Objects[edit] The first iteration of the theory focused attention on the relationship between the properties of a complex healthcare intervention and the collective action
  of its users.

• [6][7] Content Normalization process theory focuses attention on agentic contributions – the things that individuals and groups do to operationalize new or modified modes
  of practice as they interact with dynamic elements of their environments.

• [10][11] Agents[edit] The second iteration of the theory built on the analysis of collective action, and showed how this was linked to the mechanisms through which people
  make their activities meaningful and build commitments to them.

• The theory deals with the adoption of technological and organizational innovations into systems, recent studies have utilized this theory in evaluating new practices in social
  care and education settings.

• It is compatible with theories of the transmission and organization of innovations, especially diffusion of innovations theory, labor process theory, and psychological theories
  including the theory of planned behavior and social learning theory.

• [12] Here, investments of social structural and social cognitive resources are expressed as emergent contributions to social action through a set of generative mechanisms:
  coherence (what people do to make sense of objects, agency, and contexts); cognitive participation (what people do to initiate and be enrolled into delivering an ensemble of practices); collective action (what people do to enact those practices);
  and reflexive monitoring (what people do to appraise the consequences of their contributions).

• It therefore fits well with the case-study oriented approach to empirical investigation used in STS.

• It reveals “the work that actors do as they engage with some ensemble of activities (that may include new or changed ways of thinking, acting, and organizing) and by which
  means it becomes routinely embedded in the matrices of already existing, socially patterned, knowledge and practices”.

• to explain the social processes that lead to the routine embedding of innovative health technologies.

 

Works Cited

[‘1. May, Carl R.; Finch, Tracy L.; Cornford, James; Exley, Catherine; Gately, Claire; Kirk, Sue; Jenkings, K. Neil; Osbourne, Janice; Robinson, A. Louise; Rogers, Anne; Wilson, Robert (May 27, 2011). “Integrating telecare for chronic disease management
in the community: What needs to be done?”. BMC Health Services Research. 11 (1): 131. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-11-131. ISSN 1472-6963. PMC 3116473. PMID 21619596.
2. ^ McGeechan, G J; Giles, E L; Scott, S; McGovern, R; Boniface, S; Ramsay, A; Sumnall,
H; Newbury-Birch, D; Kaner, E; the SIPS JR-HIGH Study Team (December 20, 2019). “A qualitative exploration of school-based staff’s experiences of delivering an alcohol screening and brief intervention in the high school setting: findings from the
SIPS JR-HIGH trial”. Journal of Public Health. 41 (4): 821–829. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdy184. ISSN 1741-3842. PMC 6923514. PMID 30371806.
3. ^ May, C., 2006. A rational model for assessing and evaluating complex interventions in health care. BMC Health
Services Research. 6
4. ^ May, C., Finch, T., 2009. Implementation, embedding, and integration: an outline of Normalization Process Theory. Sociology. 43(3), 535-554.
5. ^ May CR, Mair F, Finch T, Macfarlane A, Dowrick C, Treweek S, Rapley T,
Ballini L, Ong BN, Rogers A, Murray E, Elwyn G, Légaré F, Gunn J, Montori VM. Development of a theory of implementation and integration: normalization process theory. Implement Sci. 2009 May 21;4:29.
6. ^ May, C., 2006. A rational model for assessing
and evaluating complex interventions in health care. BMC Health Services Research. 6
7. ^ May, C., et al., 2007. Understanding the implementation of complex interventions in health care: the normalization process model. BMC Health Services Research.
7.
8. ^ May, C., Finch, T., 2009. Implementation, embedding, and integration: an outline of Normalization Process Theory. Sociology. 43(3), 535-554.
9. ^ May, C., Sibley, A. and Hunt, K. (2014) ‘The nursing work of hospital-based clinical practice
guideline implementation: An explanatory systematic review using Normalisation Process Theory’, International Journal of Nursing Studies, 51(2), 289-299
10. ^ May, C., 2006. A rational model for assessing and evaluating complex interventions in
health care. BMC Health Services Research. 6
11. ^ May, C., et al., 2007. Understanding the implementation of complex interventions in health care: the normalization process model. BMC Health Services Research. 7.
12. ^ May, C., Finch, T., 2009.
Implementation, embedding, and integration: an outline of Normalization Process Theory. Sociology. 43, 535-554.
13. ^ May, C., 2013. Towards a general theory of implementation. Implementation Science. 8, 18.
14. ^ Gallacher K, May CR, Montori
VM, Mair FS. Understanding patients’ experiences of treatment burden in chronic heart failure using normalization process theory. Annals of Family Medicine 2011;14(4):351-360.
15. ^ Mair F, May C, O’Donnell C, Finch T, Sullivan F, Murray E. Factors
that promote or inhibit the implementation of e-health systems: an explanatory systematic review. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2012;90:357-364.
16. ^ Gallacher K, Jani B, Morrison D, Macdonald S, Blane D, Erwin P, May CR, Montori VM,
Eton DT, Smith F, Batty DG, Mair FS. Qualitative systematic reviews of treatment burden in stroke, heart failure, and diabetes – Methodological challenges and solutions. BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013;13(10).
Photo credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/kainkalju/5755467567/’]