boston

 

  • [31][32][33] The name “Boston”[edit] Before dying on September 30, 1630, one of Johnson’s last official acts as the leader of the Charlestown community was to name their new
    settlement across the river “Boston”.

  • A large number of high-rises were constructed in the Financial District and in Boston’s Back Bay during this period.

  • [103] More than two-thirds of inner Boston’s modern land area did not exist when the city was founded.

  • [47][48][50] Post-revolution and the War of 1812[edit] Boston, as the Eagle and the Wild Goose See It, an 1860 photograph by James Wallace Black, was the first recorded aerial
    photograph State Street in 1801 After the Revolution, Boston’s long seafaring tradition helped make it one of the nation’s busiest ports for both domestic and international trade.

  • Boston (US: /ˈbɔːstən/),[8] officially the City of Boston, is the capital and largest city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the cultural and financial center of the
    New England region of the Northeastern United States.

  • [10] A broader combined statistical area (CSA), generally corresponding to the commuting area[11] and including Worcester, Massachusetts and Providence, Rhode Island, is home
    to approximately 8.2 million people, making it the sixth most populous in the United States.

  • View of Boston by J. J. Hawes, c. 1860s–1880s Haymarket Square in 1909 In the 1820s, Boston’s population grew rapidly, and the city’s ethnic composition changed dramatically
    with the first wave of European immigrants.

  • Currently, Catholics make up Boston’s largest religious community,[67] and the Irish have played a major role in Boston politics since the early 20th century; prominent figures
    include the Kennedys, Tip O’Neill, and John F.

  • [61][62] In 1822,[15] the citizens of Boston voted to change the official name from the “Town of Boston” to the “City of Boston”, and on March 19, 1822, the people of Boston
    accepted the charter incorporating the city.

  • Cityscapes Sailboats on the Charles River overlook the Boston skyline, as seen from Cambridge From left to right: Boston City Hall, the West End, the North End, Charlestown,
    Boston Harbor, and East Boston Sunset view of the Boston skyline and Charles River Demographics In 2020, Boston was estimated to have 691,531 residents living in 266,724 households[4]—a 12% population increase over 2010.

  • During this period, Boston encountered financial difficulties even as other cities in New England grew rapidly.

  • Upon American independence from Great Britain, the city continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education and culture.

  • Boston LGBT pride march held annually in June People of Irish descent form the largest single ethnic group in the city, making up 15.8% of the population, followed by Italians,
    accounting for 8.3% of the population.

  • [17] Boston’s many firsts include the United States’ first public park (Boston Common, 1634), first public or state school (Boston Latin School, 1635)[18] first subway system
    (Tremont Street subway, 1897),[19] and first large public library (Boston Public Library, 1848).

  • [44] Many crucial events of the American Revolution[45] occurred in or near Boston.

  • However, in the 21st century, the city has experienced significant gentrification, during which affluent Whites have moved into formerly non-White areas.

  • Instead, it was created via the gradual filling in of the surrounding tidal areas over the centuries,[69] with earth from leveling or lowering Boston’s three original hills
    (the “Trimountain”, after which Tremont Street is named) and with gravel brought by train from Needham to fill the Back Bay.

  • [27] Country: United States; Region: New England; State: Massachusetts; County: Suffolk[1]; Historic countries: Kingdom of England, Commonwealth of England, Kingdom of Great
    Britain; Historic colonies: Massachusetts Bay Colony, Dominion of New England, Province of Massachusetts Bay; Settled: 1625; Incorporated (town): September 7, 1630, (date of naming, Old Style)[a]; Incorporated (city): March 19, 1822; Named
    for: Boston, Lincolnshire; Government: Type: Strong mayor / Council; Mayor: Michelle Wu (D); Council: Boston City Council; Council President: Edward M. Flynn (D); Area: State capital city: 89.61 sq mi ; Land: 48.34 sq mi ; Water: 41.27 sq
    mi ; Urban: 1,655.9 sq mi ; Metro: 4,500 sq mi ; CSA: 10,600 sq mi ; Elevation: 46 ft (14 m); Population (2020)[4]: State capital city: 675,647; Estimate (2021)[4]: 654,776; Rank: 24th in the United States, 1st in Massachusetts; Density: 13,976.98/sq
    mi; Urban: 4,382,009 (US: 10th); Urban density: 2,646.3/sq mi; Metro: 4,941,632 (US: 10th); Demonym: Bostonian; Time zone: UTC−5 (EST); Summer (DST): UTC−4 (EDT); ZIP Codes: 53 ZIP Codes[7]; Area codes: 617 and 857; FIPS code: 25-07000; GNIS
    feature ID: 617565 History Indigenous era[edit] Prior to European colonization, the region around modern-day Boston was inhabited by the indigenous Massachusett.

  • In 2016, it was announced General Electric would be moving its corporate headquarters from Connecticut to the Seaport District in Boston, joining many other companies in this
    rapidly developing neighborhood.

  • This occurred after Blaxton invited one of their leaders, Isaac Johnson to cross Back Bay from the failing colony of Charlestown and share the peninsula.

  • Some 1.2 million persons may be within Boston’s boundaries during work hours, and as many as 2 million during special events.

  • Reclamation projects in the middle of the century created significant parts of the South End, the West End, the Financial District, and Chinatown.

  • The people who lived in the area most likely moved between inland winter homes along the Charles River (called Quinobequin, meaning “meandering,” by the Native people) and
    summer communities on the coast.

  • [4] The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) home to 4,941,632
    million people as of 2020, ranking as the tenth-largest MSA in the country.

  • [84] Boston went into decline by the early to mid-20th century, as factories became old and obsolete and businesses moved out of the region for cheaper labor elsewhere.

  • Due north of the center we find the South End.

  • [42][43] Revolution and the siege of Boston[edit] Main articles: Boston campaign and Siege of Boston In 1773, a group of angered Bostonian citizens threw a shipment of tea
    by the East India Company into Boston Harbor in protest of the Tea Act, an event known as the Boston Tea Party that escalated the American Revolution.

  • Italians became the largest inhabitants of the North End,[66] Irish dominated South Boston and Charlestown, and Russian Jews lived in the West End.

  • [90] 21st century[edit] The Charles River in front of Boston’s Back Bay neighborhood Boston is an intellectual, technological, and political center but has lost some important
    regional institutions,[91] including the loss to mergers and acquisitions of local financial institutions such as FleetBoston Financial, which was acquired by Charlotte-based Bank of America in 2004.

  • [13][14] It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution and the nation’s founding, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker
    Hill, and the siege of Boston.

  • [16] Downtown and its immediate surroundings consist largely of low-rise masonry buildings (often Federal style and Greek Revival) interspersed with modern highrises, in the
    Financial District, Government Center, and South Boston.

  • In 2000, non-Hispanic Whites made up 49.5% of the city’s population, making the city majority minority for the first time.

  • Map showing a British tactical evaluation of Boston in 1775 The weather continuing boisterous the next day and night, giving the enemy time to improve their works, to bring
    up their cannon, and to put themselves in such a state of defence, that I could promise myself little success in attacking them under all the disadvantages I had to encounter.

  • In 1965, the Columbia Point Health Center opened in the Dorchester neighborhood, the first Community Health Center in the United States.

  • It mostly served the massive Columbia Point public housing complex adjoining it, which was built in 1953.

  • Native people constructed this weir to trap fish as early as 7,000 years before European arrival in the Western Hemisphere.

  • [107] The geography of downtown and South Boston was particularly affected by the Central Artery/Tunnel Project (known unofficially as the “Big Dig”) which removed the elevated
    Central Artery and incorporated new green spaces and open areas.

  • Irish immigrants dominated the first wave of newcomers during this period, especially following the Great Famine; by 1850, about 35,000 Irish lived in Boston.

  • In 2006, the US Census Bureau estimated non-Hispanic Whites again formed a slight majority but as of 2010, in part due to the housing crash, as well as increased efforts to
    make more affordable housing more available, the non-White population has rebounded.

  • — author, Unknown – A common local colloquialism Boston is surrounded by the Greater Boston metropolitan region.

  • The act prompted the Boston Tea Party, where a group of angered Bostonian citizens threw an entire shipment of tea sent by the East India Company into Boston Harbor.

  • [40] Boston’s oceanfront location made it a lively port, and the city primarily engaged in shipping and fishing during its colonial days.

  • This fluctuation of people is caused by hundreds of thousands of suburban residents who travel to the city for work, education, health care, and special events.

  • During the mid-to-late 19th century, workers filled almost 600 acres (240 ha) of brackish Charles River marshlands west of Boston Common with gravel brought by rail from the
    hills of Needham Heights.

  • [104] Back Bay includes many prominent landmarks, such as the Boston Public Library, Christian Science Center, Copley Square, Newbury Street, and New England’s two tallest
    buildings: the John Hancock Tower and the Prudential Center.

  • Boston is sometimes called a “city of neighborhoods” because of the profusion of diverse subsections; the city government’s Office of Neighborhood Services has officially
    designated 23 neighborhoods.

  • The South End Historic District is the largest surviving contiguous Victorian-era neighborhood in the US.

  • The city’s mob presence along with the colonists’ growing lack of faith in either Britain or its Parliament fostered a revolutionary spirit in the city.

  • General Howe is believed to have said that the Americans had done more in one night than his army could have done in six months.

  • By the mid-18th century, New York City and Philadelphia surpassed Boston in wealth.

  • [109] The city is best described as being in a transitional zone between the two climates.

  • However, in winter areas near the immediate coast will often see more rain than snow as warm air is drawn off the Atlantic at times.

  • [42][47] Boston itself was besieged for almost a year during the siege of Boston, which began on April 19, 1775.

  • Nevertheless, the city experienced conflict starting in 1974 over desegregation busing, which resulted in unrest and violence around public schools throughout the mid-1970s.

  • Boston has experienced gentrification in the latter half of the 20th century,[95] with housing prices increasing sharply since the 1990s.

  • [87] The Columbia Point complex itself was redeveloped and revitalized from 1984 to 1990 into a mixed-income residential development called Harbor Point Apartments.

  • Boston was a primary stop on a Caribbean trade route and imported large amounts of molasses, which led to the creation of Boston baked beans.

  • [110] The city lies at the transition between USDA plant hardiness zones 6b (most of the city) and 7a (Downtown, South Boston, and East Boston neighborhoods).

  • The city annexed the adjacent towns of South Boston (1804), East Boston (1836), Roxbury (1868), Dorchester (including present-day Mattapan and a portion of South Boston) (1870),
    Brighton (including present-day Allston) (1874), West Roxbury (including present-day Jamaica Plain and Roslindale) (1874), Charlestown (1874), and Hyde Park (1912).

  • This may also have to do with increased Latin American and Asian populations and more clarity surrounding US Census statistics, which indicate a non-Hispanic White population
    of 47 percent (some reports give slightly lower figures).

  • By the end of the 19th century, Boston’s core neighborhoods had become enclaves of ethnically distinct immigrants with their residence yielding lasting cultural change.

  • This is not to be confused with South Boston which lies directly east from the South End.

  • America’s first public school, Boston Latin School, was founded in Boston in 1635.

  • [141] From the 1950s to the end of the 20th century, the proportion of non-Hispanic Whites in the city declined.

  • [114][112] Boston’s coastal location on the North Atlantic moderates its temperature but makes the city very prone to nor’easter weather systems that can produce much snow
    and rain.

  • Full-time year-round male workers had a median income of $52,544 versus $46,540 for full-time year-round female workers.

  • [48][49] Several weeks later, George Washington took over the militia after the Continental Congress established the Continental Army to unify the revolutionary effort.

  • A young officer, Rufus Putnam, came up with a plan to make portable fortifications out of wood that could be erected on the frozen ground under cover of darkness.

  • People of West Indian and Caribbean ancestry are another sizable group, at over 15%.

  • [110] Although downtown Boston has never been struck by a violent tornado, the city itself has experienced many tornado warnings.

 

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[‘On the New Style (modern) calendar, anniversaries fall on September 17.
o ^ The average number of days with a low at or below freezing is 94.
o ^ Seasonal snowfall accumulation has ranged from 9.0 in (22.9 cm) in 1936–37 to 110.6 in (2.81 m) in
2014–15.
o ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
o ^ Official records for Boston were
kept at downtown from January 1872 to December 1935, and at Logan Airport (KBOS) since January 1936.[120]
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