fleet street

 

  • [6] History Early history[edit] Fleet Street c. 1890 Fleet Street was established as a thoroughfare in Roman London and there is evidence that a route led west from Ludgate
    by 200 AD.

  • [53] Since 1971, the southern side of the street has been part of the Fleet Street Conservation Area, which ensures buildings are regularly maintained and the character of
    the street is preserved.

  • It was founded in 1580 and has been based at No.1 Fleet Street, adjacent to Temple Bar, since 1673.

  • 177–178 Fleet Street became popular and was the main committee room for the Society for Repealing the Paper Duty, starting in 1858.

  • [35] Though many prominent national newspapers have moved away from Fleet Street, the name is still synonymous with the printing and publishing industry.

  • The section of Fleet Street between Temple Bar and Fetter Lane is part of the A4, a major road running west through London,[1] although it once ran along the entire street
    and eastwards past St Paul’s Churchyard towards Cannon Street.

  • [12] By the 16th century, Fleet Street, along with much of the City, was chronically overcrowded, and a royal proclamation in 1580 banned any further building on the street.

  • 67 Fleet Street The eastern part of the street was destroyed by the Great Fire of London in 1666, despite attempts to use the River Fleet to preserve it.

  • It is one of the oldest roads outside the original city and was established by the Middle Ages.

  • Fleet Street is a major street mostly in the City of London.

  • For example, The Inns of Court and barristers’ chambers are down alleys and around courtyards off Fleet Street itself and many of the old newspaper offices have become the
    London headquarters for various companies.

  • The street became known for printing and publishing at the start of the 16th century, and it became the dominant trade so that by the 20th century most British national newspapers
    operated from here.

  • Fleet Street has a significant number of monuments and statues along its length, including the dragon at Temple Bar and memorials to a number of figures from the British press,
    such as Samuel Pepys and Lord Northcliffe.

  • [25] By the 20th century, Fleet Street and the area surrounding it were dominated by the national press and related industries.

  • [27] In 1986 News International owner Rupert Murdoch caused controversy when he moved publication of The Times and The Sun away from Fleet Street to new premises in Wapping,
    East London.

  • The street has been an important through route since Roman times.

  • It runs west to east from Temple Bar at the boundary with the City of Westminster to Ludgate Circus at the site of the London Wall and the River Fleet from which the street
    was named.

  • [2][3] In the 13th century, it was known as Fleet Bridge Street, and in the early 14th century it became known as Fleet Street.

  • [24] One example is Goldman Sachs, whose offices are in the old Daily Telegraph and Liverpool Echo buildings of Peterborough Court and Mersey House.

  • 135–141 Publishing started in Fleet Street around 1500 when William Caxton’s apprentice, Wynkyn de Worde, set up a printing shop near Shoe Lane, while at around the same time
    Richard Pynson set up as publisher and printer next to St Dunstan’s Church.

  • [37] The last two journalists to work for the Dundee-based Sunday Post, left in 2016, as the paper closed its London offices.

  • The term Fleet Street remains a metonym for the British national press, and pubs on the street once frequented by journalists remain popular.

  • Much of that industry moved out in the 1980s after News International set up cheaper manufacturing premises in Wapping, but some former newspaper buildings are listed and
    have been preserved.

  • [48] To the west, at the junction with Strand are the Royal Courts of Justice[49] whilst at the eastern end of the street the Old Bailey is near Ludgate Circus.

  • At the north-eastern corner is a bust of Edgar Wallace,[55] and a full-length representation of Mary, Queen of Scots in a first-floor niche at No.

  • [50] As a principal route leading to and from the City, Fleet Street was especially noted for its taverns and coffeehouses.

  • [10] Many taverns and brothels were established along Fleet Street and have been documented as early as the 14th century.

  • [45] It remains the London church most associated with the print industry.

  • 67 housed 25 separate publications; by this time the majority of British households bought a daily paper produced from Fleet Street.

  • [24] The Old Bank of England, which from 1888 to 1975 was a trading house for the country’s central bank, is now a Grade II listed pub.

  • [11] An important landmark in Fleet Street during the late Middle Ages was a conduit that was the main water supply for the area.

  • During the Middle Ages, businesses were established and senior clergy lived there; several churches remain from this time including Temple Church and St Bride’s.

  • Place-names surviving with this connection are Peterborough Court and Salisbury Court after their respective Bishops’ houses here; apart from the Knights Templars’ establishment
    the Whitefriars monastery is recalled by Whitefriars Street[17] and the remains of its undercroft have been preserved in a public display area.

  • Despite the domination of the print industry, other businesses were also established on Fleet Street.

  • [67] Cultural references The barber Sweeney Todd is traditionally said to have lived and worked during the 18th century in Fleet Street, where he would murder customers and
    serve their remains as pie fillings.

  • [44] St Bride’s Church was established as early as the 6th century[3] and was later designed by Sir Christopher Wren in a style that complemented St Mary Le Bow further east
    in the City.

  • [66] The Royal Society was based in Crane Court from 1710 to 1782, when it moved to Somerset House on the Strand.

  • More printers and publishers followed, mainly supplying the legal trade in the four Inns of Court around the area,[23] but also publishing books and plays.

  • St Dunstan-in-the-West also dates from the 12th century supplements these as the local parish (as opposed to guild church) and is the London home for the Romanian Orthodox
    church.

  • [56] Above the entrance to the old school-house of St Dunstan’s is a statue of Queen Elizabeth I provided for the then new Ludgate in 1586 by William Kerwin; it was moved
    to here following the gate’s demolition in 1776.

  • [71] Fleet Street is mentioned in several of Charles Dickens’s works.

  • [22] Printing and journalism[edit] See also: History of British newspapers and List of United Kingdom newspapers The former offices of the Daily Telegraph Building at No.

 

Works Cited

[‘1. In 1339 a Fleet Street resident was found guilty of “harbouring prostitutes and sodomites”.[2]
2. ^ In 1931, the Daily Mail paid £125,000 (now £9,036,000) in crossword prizes.
3. “3, Fleet Street to 100, Fleet Street”. Google Maps. Retrieved
28 December 2015.
4. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Moore 2003, p. 185.
5. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Weinreb et al 2008, p. 298.
6. ^ Jump up to:a b Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). “Fleet Street” . Encyclopedia Americana.
7. ^ Ten Mile Map of Great Britain
(London Four Mile Insert) (Map). Ordnance Survey. 1932. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
8. ^ “Central London Bus Map” (PDF). Transport for London. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 March 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
9. ^ City 1996, p. 4.
10. ^
Jump up to:a b c d e Thornbury, Walter (1878). “Fleet Street: General Introduction”. Old and New London. London. 1: 32–53. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
11. ^ Wood, Eric Stuart (1997). Historical Britain: A Comprehensive Account of the Development
of Rural and Urban Life and Landscape from Prehistory to the Present Day. Harvill Press. p. 157. ISBN 978-1-860-46214-6.
12. ^ Brooke 2010, p. 8.
13. ^ Minnis, Alastair (2014). Historians on Chaucer: The “General Prologue” to the Canterbury Tales.
Oxford University Press. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-19-968954-5.
14. ^ Brooke 2010, p. 16.
15. ^ Brooke 2010, p. 15.
16. ^ Weinreb et al 2008, p. 639.
17. ^ “Prince Henry’s Room”. City of Londonc. Archived from the original on 1 April 2016. Retrieved
27 January 2015.
18. ^ Weinreb et al 2008, pp. 340–341.
19. ^ Jump up to:a b c City 1996, p. 5.
20. ^ Thornbury, Walter (1878). “Fleet Street: Northern tributaries (continued)”. Old and New London. London. 1: 92–104. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
21. ^
Weinreb et al 2008, pp. 820–1.
22. ^ Herissone, Rebecca; Howard, Alan (2013). Concepts of Creativity in Seventeenth-century England. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 190. ISBN 978-1-843-83740-4.
23. ^ City 1996, p. 7.
24. ^ McCord, Norman (2013). The
Anti-Corn Law League: 1838–1846. Routledge. p. 140. ISBN 978-1-136-58447-3.
25. ^ Weinreb et al 2008, p. 299.
26. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i Weinreb et al 2008, p. 300.
27. ^ Jump up to:a b Hampton 2004, p. 32.
28. ^ “Listed Buildings
in City of London, Greater London, England”. British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
29. ^ Moore 2003, pp. 186, 188.
30. ^ “Telegraph moves to Victoria”. The Daily Telegraph. 22 December 2005. Archived from the original on 12 January
2022. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
31. ^ “About Us”. D.C. Thomson & Co. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
32. ^ Liz Paren, Caroline Coxon, Cheryl Dorall (2003). The Commonwealth: A Family of Nations. Commonwealth Secretariat. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-85092-753-5.
33. ^
“Contact us”. Wentworth Publishing. Archived from the original on 28 June 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
34. ^ Jefkins, Frank William (2012). International Dictionary of Marketing and Communication. Springer Science+Business Media. p. 390. ISBN
978-1-4684-1523-0.
35. ^ “Jewish Chronicle HQ to be recycled into serviced flats”. Property Week. 21 February 2014. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
36. ^ “About us”. British Association of Journalists. Archived
from the original on 31 December 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
37. ^ “Metro International office move means print returns to Fleet Street”. Press Gazette. 7 November 2007. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
38. ^ “St Bride Library”. British Letter Press.
Retrieved 30 December 2015.
39. ^ “Magpie Alley Crypt”. thelondonphile. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
40. ^ “Last newspaper journalists leave Fleet Street as Sunday Post retreats”. The Guardian. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
41. ^ Brooke
2010, p. 6.
42. ^ Moore 2003, p. 192.
43. ^ Moore 2003, p. 193.
44. ^ “Child & Co”. Royal Bank of Scotland. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
45. ^ Brooke 2010, pp. 13–14.
46. ^ Weinreb et al 2008, p. 910.
47. ^ Jump up to:a b c City 1996, p.
8.
48. ^ “St Dunstan in the West | Fleet Street, London, EC4”. St Dunstan-in-the-West. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
49. ^ Weinreb et al 2008, pp. 431, 433, 546.
50. ^ Bellot 1902, p. 269.
51. ^ Weinreb et al 2008, p. 716.
52. ^ Weinreb et
al 2008, pp. 141–142.
53. ^ Moore 2003, pp. 191–2.
54. ^ City 1996, pp. 12–13.
55. ^ “City Diary: all change at the Bank”. The Times. 12 December 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
56. ^ City 1996, p. 3.
57. ^ Weinreb et al 2008, p. 875.
58. ^
Jump up to:a b Weinreb et al 2008, p. 872.
59. ^ Weinreb et al 2008, p. 870.
60. ^ Jump up to:a b Weinreb et al 2008, p. 873.
61. ^ Ward-Jackson, Philip (2003). Public sculpture of the city of London. Liverpool University Press. p. 140. ISBN
978-0-85323-967-3.
62. ^ Bellot 1902, p. 267.
63. ^ “The Temple Bar Memorial”. The Victorian Web. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
64. ^ City 1996, p. 13.
65. ^ “Samuel Pepys blue plaque in London”. Blue Plaque Places. Archived from the original
on 1 May 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
66. ^ “John Senex”. British Museum. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
67. ^ “St Bride’s: History Chapter IV – 1500–1665”. St Bride’s Church. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
68. ^ Olson, Donald (2004). Frommer’s
London from $90 a Day. Wiley. p. 175. ISBN 978-0-7645-5822-1.
69. ^ Thornbury, Walter (1878). “Fleet Street: Tributaries (Crane Court, Johnson’s Court, Bolt Court)”. Old and New London. London. 1: 104–112. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
70. ^ “Sweeney
Todd and Fleet Street | The Sweeney Todd Story”. knowledgeoflondon.com. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
71. ^ Jump up to:a b Moore 2003, p. 194.
72. ^ “Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street”. Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Archived from the original
on 18 April 2008. Retrieved 27 June 2008.
73. ^ “Sweeney Todd – The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (18)”. Warner Bros. British Board of Film Classification. 18 December 2007. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
74. ^ “Dickens and Fleet Street”. Dickens and
London. Archived from the original on 24 October 2008. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
75. ^ “Mr Davidson’s Fleet Street Eclogues”. The Spectator. 14 March 1896. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
76. ^ Ransome, Arthur (1907). “Old and New Fleet Street”.
Bohemia in London.
77. ^ Moore 2003, pp. 176, 189.
b. Bellot, Hugh Hale Leigh (1902). The Inner and Middle Temple: Legal, Literary, and Historic Associations. Methuen & Co.
c. Brooke, Alan (2010). Fleet Street: The Story of a Street. Amberley
Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4456-1138-9.
d. Hampton, Mark (2004). Visions of the Press in Britain, 1850–1950. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-02946-2.
e. Moore, Tim (2003). Do Not Pass Go. Vintage. ISBN 978-0-09-943386-6.
f. Weinreb,
Ben; Hibbert, Christopher; Keay, Julia; Keay, John (2008). The London Encyclopaedia. Pan MacMillan. ISBN 978-1-4050-4924-5.
g. Fleet Street Conservation Area Character Study (PDF) (Report). Corporation of London. 1996. Archived from the original
(PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
Photo credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/13020283@N03/7166570828/’]