liverpool

 

  • This produced the most significant changes to Liverpool’s city centre since the post-war reconstruction.

  • A significant West Indian black community has existed in the city since the first two decades of the 20th century.

  • The original street plan of Liverpool is said to have been designed by King John near the same time it was granted a royal charter, making it a borough.

  • [21] Population Population Population Population Population Population Sovereign state: United Kingdom; Country: England; Region: North West England; City region: Liverpool;
    Metropolitan and ceremonial county: Merseyside; Historic county: Lancashire; Founded: 1207; City Status: 1880; Administrative HQ: Liverpool Town Hall; Government: Type: Metropolitan borough; Body: Liverpool City Council; Leadership: Mayor
    and Cabinet; Executive: Labour; Mayor of Liverpool City Region: Steve Rotheram; Lord Mayor: Mary Rasmussen; Chief Executive: Tony Reeves; Area: City: 43.2 sq mi; Urban: 77.1 sq mi; Rank: 203rd; Elevation: 230 ft (70 m); Population (2022):
    City: 500,500; Rank: 10th; Density: 11,528/sq mi; Urban: 864,122 (6th); Urban density: 11,210/sq mi; Metro: 2,241,000; Demonyms: Liverpudlian Scouser; Time zone: UTC+0 (Greenwich Mean Time); Summer (DST): UTC+1 (British Summer Time); Postcode
    area: L; Dialling code: 0151; ISO 3166 code: GB-LIV; GSS code: E08000012; NUTS 3 code: UKD72; ONS code: 00BY; OS grid reference: SJ3490; Motorways: M62 M57; Major railway stations: Liverpool Central (B) Liverpool Lime Street (A/D), Liverpool
    Moorfields (D), Liverpool James Street (E); International airports: Liverpool John Lennon (LPL); GDP: £51.5 billion[8]; – Per capita: £25,143[8]; Councillors: 90; MPs: Maria Eagle (Labour) Kim Johnson (Labour), Dan Carden (Labour), Paula Barker
    (Labour), Ian Byrne (Labour); Former UNESCO World Heritage Site: Official name: Liverpool – Maritime Mercantile City; Criteria: Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv); Designated: 2004 (18th session); Reference no.

  • Like most British cities and industrialised towns, Liverpool became home to a significant number of Commonwealth immigrants, beginning after World War I with colonial soldiers
    and sailors who had served in the area.

  • [96] In 1999, Liverpool was the first city outside London to be awarded blue plaques by English Heritage in recognition of the “significant contribution made by its sons and
    daughters in all walks of life”.

  • Several areas of Liverpool city centre carried World Heritage Site status from 2004 until 2021; the city’s vast collection of parks and open spaces has been described as the
    “most important in the country” by England’s Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest.

  • [40] In the early 19th century, Liverpool played a major role in the Antarctic sealing industry, in recognition of which Liverpool Beach in the South Shetland Islands is named
    after the city.

  • [100][101] Mayor of Liverpool See also: Liverpool City Council The late Georgian Liverpool Town Hall The mayor of Liverpool is directly elected by the public every four years
    to lead Liverpool City Council.

  • [37] Inaugural journey of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway in 1830, the first-ever commercial railway line For periods during the 19th century, the wealth of Liverpool
    exceeded that of London,[38] and Liverpool’s Custom House was the single largest contributor to the British Exchequer.

  • [109] Liverpool is one of the Labour Party’s key strongholds; however the city has seen hard times under Labour governments as well, particularly in the Winter of Discontent
    (late 1978 and early 1979) when Liverpool suffered public sector strikes along with the rest of the United Kingdom but also suffered the particularly humiliating misfortune of having grave-diggers going on strike, leaving the dead unburied.

  • As early as 1851 the city was described as “the New York of Europe”.

  • [106][107] In February 2008, Liverpool City Council was reported to be the worst-performing council in the country, receiving just a one-star rating (classified as inadequate).

  • The Metro Mayor of the Liverpool City Region is directly every four years by residents of those six boroughs and oversees the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority.

  • Liverpool was the site of Britain’s first provincial airport, operating from 1930.

  • [24] The place appearing as Leyrpole, in a legal record of 1418, may also refer to Liverpool.

  • Given the crucial place cotton held in the city’s economy, during the American Civil War Liverpool was, in the words of historian Sven Beckert, “the most pro-Confederate place
    in the world outside the Confederacy itself.

  • The Liverpool City Region Combined Authority reserves major strategic powers over such things as transport, economic development and regeneration for the city along with the
    5 surrounding boroughs of the Liverpool City Region.

  • It is also home to the oldest black community in the UK and the oldest Chinese community in Europe.

  • The main celebrations, in September 2008, included the erection of La Princesse, a large mechanical spider 20 metres high and weighing 37 tonnes, and represents the “eight
    legs” of Liverpool: honour, history, music, the Mersey, the ports, governance, sunshine and culture.

  • Liverpool Waters is a mixed-use development planned to contain one of Europe’s largest skyscraper clusters.

  • [108] While Liverpool through most of the 19th and early 20th centuries was a municipal stronghold of Toryism, support for the Conservative Party recently has been among the
    lowest in any part of Britain, particularly since the monetarist economic policies of prime minister Margaret Thatcher after her 1979 general election victory contributed to high unemployment in the city which did not begin to fall for many
    years.

  • Renamed ‘Liverpool ONE,’ the centre opened in May 2008.

  • All projects could be eclipsed by the Liverpool Waters scheme, which if built will cost in the region of £5.5billion and be one of the largest megaprojects in the UK’s history.

  • In 1897, the Lumière brothers filmed Liverpool,[94] including what is believed to be the world’s first tracking shot,[95] taken from the Liverpool Overhead Railway, the world’s
    first elevated electrified railway.

  • [29] In 1699, the same year as its first recorded slave ship, Liverpool Merchant, set sail for Africa,[30] Liverpool was made a parish by Act of Parliament.

  • Capitalising on the popularity of 1960s rock groups, such as the Beatles, as well as the city’s world-class art galleries, museums and landmarks, tourism has also become a
    significant factor in Liverpool’s economy.

  • Liverpool was administered by Merseyside County Council between 1974 and 1986 and some residual aspects of organisation which date back to this time have survived.

  • [50] During this period, Liverpool became a hub of fierce left-wing opposition to the central government in London.

  • [53] In July 2021, Liverpool lost its World Heritage status, UNESCO citing the Bramley-Moore Dock Stadium and Liverpool Waters projects as not being in keeping with a World
    Heritage site.

  • [46] The construction of suburban public housing expanded after the Second World War.

  • The Conservative Party, one of the three major political parties in the UK had no representation on Liverpool City Council.

  • In June 2014, Prime Minister David Cameron launched the International Festival for Business in Liverpool, the world’s largest business event in 2014,[52] and the largest in
    the UK since the Festival of Britain in 1951.

  • The Lord Mayor is chosen only by councillors within Liverpool City Council, not the general public, and serves a one-year term.

  • The world’s first integrated sewer system was constructed in Liverpool by James Newlands, appointed in 1847 as the UK’s first borough engineer.

  • Discussions include pressing decision-makers in the government on local issues as well as building relationships with the other directly elected mayors in England and Wales.

  • [41] Lime Street, Liverpool, in the 1890s, St.George’s Hall to the left, Great North Western Hotel to the right, Walker Art Gallery and Sessions House in the background.

  • City Council and MPs Liverpool City Council elections Main articles: Liverpool City Council and Liverpool City Council elections For local elections the city elects 85 councillors
    from 64 local council wards,[105] which in alphabetical order are: During the local elections held in May 2011, the Labour Party consolidated its control of Liverpool City Council, following on from regaining power for the first time in 12
    years, during the previous elections in May 2010.

  • [104] Metro Mayor of Liverpool City Region The City of Liverpool is one of the six constituent local government districts of the Liverpool City Region.

  • The county of Merseyside, therefore, continues to exist as an administrative area for a few limited services only, while the capability and capacity of the Liverpool City
    Region Combined Authority is evolving over time.

  • Thousands of families were relocated from the inner-city to new suburban housing estates, based on the belief that this would improve their standard of living, though this
    is largely subjective.

  • [23] Although the Old English origin of the name Liverpool is beyond dispute, claims are sometimes made that the name Liverpool is of Welsh origin, but these are without foundation.

  • Liverpool was designated as a joint European Capital of Culture for 2008.

  • In the 19th century, Liverpool was a major port of departure for English and Irish emigrants to North America.

  • [39] Liverpool was the only British city ever to have its own Whitehall office.

  • The Housing Act 1919 resulted in mass council housing being built across Liverpool during the 1920s and 1930s.

  • [citation needed] 19th century By the start of the 19th century, a large volume of trade was passing through Liverpool, and the construction of major buildings reflected this
    wealth.

  • More immigrants arrived after World War II, mostly settling in older inner-city areas such as Toxteth, where housing was less expensive.

  • However, several authorities such as the police and fire and rescue service, continue to be run at a county-wide level.

  • G. Melville Richards (1910–1973), a pioneer of scientific toponymy in Wales, in “Place Names of North Wales”,[27] does not attempt to explain it beyond noting that “lleifiad”
    is used as a Welsh equivalent of “Liver”.

  • [92] The Mersey Railway, opened in 1886, incorporated the world’s first tunnel under a tidal estuary[93] and the world’s first deep-level underground stations (Liverpool James
    Street railway station).

  • The project received outline planning permission in 2012, despite fierce opposition from such groups as UNESCO, which claimed that it would adversely affect Liverpool’s World
    Heritage status.

  • This was about half the level of unemployment that had affected the city during the Great Depression 50 years previously.

  • History Early history King John’s letters patent of 1207 announced the foundation of the borough of Liverpool.

  • Mathew Street is one of many tourist attractions related to the Beatles, and the location of Europe’s largest annual free music festival.

  • Union organising and strikes took place in numerous locations, including police strikes in London among the Metropolitan Police.

  • Liverpool has the second highest number of art galleries, national museums, listed buildings, and listed parks in the UK; only the capital, London, has more.

  • In June 1919 they were subject to attack by whites in racial riots; residents in the port included Swedish immigrants, and both groups had to compete with native people from
    Liverpool for jobs and housing.

  • [112] Geography Environment Satellite imagery showing Liverpool Bay, Liverpool and the wider Merseyside area Liverpool has been described as having “the most splendid setting
    of any English city.

  • Liverpool airport was renamed after him in 2002, the first British airport to be named in honour of an individual.

  • This resulted in the construction of a diverse array of religious buildings in the city for the new ethnic and religious groups, many of which are still in use today.

  • Natives of Liverpool (and some longtime residents from elsewhere) are formally referred to as “Liverpudlians” but are usually called “Scousers” in reference to scouse, a local
    stew made popular by sailors in the city; “Scouse” is also the most common name for the Liverpool accent and dialect.

  • [31] Since Roman times, the nearby city of Chester on the River Dee had been the region’s principal port on the Irish Sea.

  • [97] Government For the purposes of local government, the city of Liverpool is classified as a metropolitan borough.

  • Some of the most significant redevelopment projects include new buildings in the Commercial District, the King’s Dock, Mann Island, the Lime Street Gateway, the Baltic Triangle,
    the RopeWalks, and the Edge Lane Gateway.

  • In 2019, Liverpool was the fifth most visited UK city.

  • : 1150; Region: Europe and North America; Delisted: 2021 (44th session) Toponymy The name comes from the Old English lifer, meaning thick or muddy water, and pōl, meaning
    a pool or creek, and is first recorded around 1190 as Liuerpul.

  • Significant rebuilding followed the war, including massive housing estates and the Seaforth Dock, the largest dock project in Britain.

  • He also was a pioneer in the use of pre-fabricated housing and oversaw the construction of the UK’s first ring road (A5058) and intercity highway (East Lancashire Road), as
    well as the Queensway Tunnel linking Liverpool and Birkenhead.

 

Works Cited

[‘The term may have its origins in religious and racial tribalism and sectarianism, now largely disappeared, were once notoriously virulent in the city and its environs.
1. “How Liverpool became known as ‘the capital of North Wales'”. March 2021.
Retrieved 1 March 2021.
2. ^ “Second capital of Ireland: Liverpool’s unique Irish history and culture and what it means to the city”. 25 July 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
3. ^ “It’s official – Liverpool rocks!”. Retrieved 31 October 2020.
4. ^
“Is Liverpool still the world in one city?”. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
5. ^ Jones, Catherine (8 April 2007). “City has birthday new look for coat of arms”. Liverpool Echo. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
6. ^ “Figure 3: Population by ethnic group, 2021,
local authorities in England and Wales”. Office for National Statistics. 29 November 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
7. ^ “Figure 2: Religion, 2021, local authorities in England and Wales”. Office for National Statistics. 29 November 2022. Retrieved
30 November 2022.
8. ^ Jump up to:a b “Global city GDP 2014”. Brookings Institution. Archived from the original on 5 June 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
9. ^ “Demographics”. Liverpool City Council. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
10. ^ “British urban
pattern: population data” (PDF). ESPON project 1.4.3 Study on Urban Functions. European Spatial Planning Observation Network. March 2007. p. 119. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
11. ^ University of Portsmouth. “Administrative Unit West Derby Hundred”. visionofbritain.org.uk.
Archived from the original on 23 May 2016.
12. ^ William Farrer & J. Brownbill (1907). “A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 3”. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
13. ^ “Cities and towns in the United
Kingdom (UK) ranked by international visits in 2019”. Statista. Retrieved 7 November 2020.
14. ^ Hasted, Nick (2017). You Really Got Me: The Story of The Kinks. Omnibus Press. p. 425.
15. ^ Jump up to:a b “Liverpool bids to be UNESCO City of Music”.
Liverpool Echo. 16 November 2009. Retrieved 9 March 2010.
16. ^ Jump up to:a b “City bids for UNESCO music title”. Liverpool City Council. 16 November 2009. Retrieved 9 March 2010.
17. ^ Jump up to:a b “Visit Liverpool”. Archived from the original
on 7 September 2008. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
18. ^ “Liverpool – Maritime Mercantile City”. UK Local Authority World Heritage Forum. Archived from the original on 23 April 2008. Retrieved 9 October 2008.
19. ^ “Dr. Peter Brown, chair, Merseyside
Civic Society” (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2013. Retrieved 25 January 2009.
20. ^ “Report on the Nominations from the UK and Norway for the European Capital of Culture 2008” (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on
19 August 2008. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
21. ^ “Liverpool, European Capital of Culture: 2008 – 2018”. 6 April 2018.
22. ^ Hanks, Patrick; Hodges, Flavia; Mills, David; Room, Adrian (2002). The Oxford Names Companion. Oxford: the University Press.
p. 1110. ISBN 978-0198605614.
23. ^ Jump up to:a b Harper, Douglas. “Liverpool”. The Online Etymology Dictionary.
24. ^ The Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names, ed. by Victor Watts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), s.v. Liverpool.
25. ^
“Plea Rolls of the Court of Common Pleas”. National Archives. Retrieved 25 November 2015. Third entry, the home of John Stanle, the defendant, in a plea of debt.
26. ^ Crowley, Tony (2013). Scouse: A Social and Cultural History. Liverpool: Oxford
University Press. ISBN 9781781389089. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
27. ^ Richards, G. Melville (1953). “Place-Names of North Wales”. A Scientific Survey of Merseyside. British Association. pp. 242–250.
28. ^ Picton, J.A. (1875). Memorials of Liverpool.
Vol. 1. Historical (2nd ed.). London: Longmans, Green & Co. pp. 11–12. OCLC 10476612.
29. ^ “The York March, 1644”. bcw-project.org. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
30. ^ “Liverpool’s Slavery History Trail”. Lodging-World.com. 16 August 2017. Archived
from the original on 17 August 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
31. ^ Power, Michael (1999). “Creating a Port: Liverpool 1695–1715” (PDF). Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire. 149: 51–71. Archived from the original (PDF)
on 31 August 2019. Retrieved 31 August 2019.
32. ^ “The Lost Dock of Liverpool”. Channel 4: Time Team, 21 April 2008. Retrieved 2 June 2008.
33. ^ “Liverpool Dock System”. New York Times, 2 January 1898. 2 January 1898. Retrieved 2 June 2008.
Note: “pdf” reader needed to see full article
34. ^ Cope, Jonas (May 2012). “The Dissolution of Character in Late Romantic British Literature 1816–1837” (PDF). MOspace Institutional Repository. Dr. Noah Heringman, Dissertation Supervisor. p. 115.
Retrieved 4 April 2021.
35. ^ Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1832). “picture”. Fisher’s Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1833. Fisher, Son & Co.Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1832). “poetical illustration”. Fisher’s Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1833. Fisher, Son
& Co.
36. ^ Beckert, Sven (2014). Empire of Cotton: a Global History. New York: Knopf.
37. ^ “Liverpool’s Abercromby Square and the Confederacy During the U.S. Civil War”. Lowcountry Digital History Initiative. Archived from the original on 30
May 2023.
38. ^ Jump up to:a b Ten facts about Liverpool The Daily Telegraph, 4 June 2003
39. ^ Hatton, Brian (28 March 2011). “Shifted tideways: Liverpool’s changing fortunes”. The Architectural Review. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
40. ^ Henderson,
W.O. (1933). The Liverpool office in London. Economica xiii. London School of Economics. pp. 473–479.
41. ^ Liverpool Beach. SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica.
42. ^ The Bankers’ Magazine. v.11. London: Groombridge & Sons. 1851.
43. ^
Dr Laura Tabili, “Review of Jacqueline Jenkinson, Black 1919: Riots, Racism and Resistance in Imperial Britain, Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, 2009, ISBN 9781846312007”, Reviews in History website, accessed 13 April 2016
44. ^ “Spirit of
the Blitz : Liverpool in the Second World War”. Liverpool Museums. 2003. Archived from the original on 6 June 2010. Retrieved 13 September 2010.
45. ^ “Merseyside Maritime Museum, Sheet No. 4: Battle of the Atlantic”. Liverpoolmuseums.org.uk. 3
September 1939. Retrieved 4 October 2012.
46. ^ “The ethnic population of England and Wales broken down by local authority”. The Guardian. 18 May 2011. Archived from the original on 23 July 2021.
47. ^ “Recent History and Current Developments”.
Friends of Liverpool Airport. Archived from the original on 24 June 2012. Retrieved 10 February 2013.
48. ^ “Airports Named For Celebrities”. Airport Parking Market. Archived from the original on 15 July 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
49. ^ “A
History of Liverpool”. Localhistories.org. Retrieved 13 December 2011.
50. ^ “Number of people unemployed at three-million mark in Britain”. The Leader-Post (Google News Archive). 28 January 1982. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
51. ^ “The English
city that wanted to ‘break away’ from the UK”. BBC News. 8 November 2014.
52. ^ “QUICK GUIDE TO IFB 2014, IFB BUSINESS CLUB& BUSINESS BROKERAGE | International Festival for Business 2014”. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved
5 May 2014.
53. ^ Liverpool Echo, David Cameron’s speech
54. ^ Liverpool stripped of Unesco World Heritage status BBC News 21 July 2021
55. ^ Josh Halliday (21 July 2021). “Unesco strips Liverpool of its world heritage status”. The Guardian.
Retrieved 21 July 2021.
56. ^ “Victoria and Albert Museum. London”. Vam.ac.uk. 1 June 2005. Archived from the original on 16 March 2010. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
57. ^ Bagwell, Philip Sidney (2006). Transport in Britain 1750–2000. Continuum International
Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-85285-590-1.
58. ^ “Royal School for the Blind, Liverpool”. Rsblind.org.uk. 12 March 1999. Archived from the original on 9 May 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
59. ^ Speeches of Henry, Lord Brougham, Vol. II, 1841, Lea
and Blanchard, Philadelphia
60. ^ Bisson, Frederick (1884). Our schools and colleges. London: Simpkin, Marshall.
61. ^ “Charles Dickens, speech, 26 Feb, 1844”. Dickens.classicauthors.net. Archived from the original on 4 July 2010. Retrieved 3
August 2010.
62. ^ “The Scottie Press”. The Scottie Press. Archived from the original on 3 March 2010. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
63. ^ Adler, N (1925). “The work of Juvenile Courts”. Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law. Third
Series, Vol.7, No.4. 7 (4): 217–227. JSTOR 753176.
64. ^ Garner, Robert (1993). Animals, politics, and morality. Manchester: University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-3575-3.
65. ^ Hendrick, Harry (2005). Child welfare and social policy – an essential
reader. The Policy Press. ISBN 978-1-86134-566-0.
66. ^ Derren Hayes. “communitycare.co.uk”. communitycare.co.uk. Archived from the original on 18 August 2009. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
67. ^ Jackie Rand (1 May 2009). “BBC Politics Show, 1 May
2009”. BBC News. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
68. ^ Wohl, Anthony S. (1984). Endangered Lives: Public Health in Victorian Britain. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-416-37950-1.
69. ^ Brockington, C. F (1948). “The First M.O.H”. Br Med J. 1 (4545): 298.
doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4545.298-a. PMC 2092966.
70. ^ Dennis, Richard (1986). English Industrial Cities of the Nineteenth Century: A Social Geography. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-33839-4.
71. ^ “Liverpool Medical Institution”. Lmi.org.uk.
Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
72. ^ Peltier, Leonard F. (1990). Fractures: a history and iconography of their treatment. Norman Publishing. ISBN 978-0-930405-16-8.
73. ^ Wallington, Neil (2008). One Hundred
Years of the British Fire Engine. Jeremy Mills Publishing. ISBN 978-1-906600-30-3.
74. ^ “National Museums, Liverpool”. Liverpoolmuseums.org.uk. Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
75. ^ BBC News 12 May 1998
76. ^
Liverpool University press release, 22 February 2006
77. ^ “Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine”. Liv.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 31 August 2009. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
78. ^ Lord Cohen of Birkenhead (10 April 1965). “Liverpool’s
Contributions to Medicine”. BMJ. 1 (5440): 945–948. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5440.945. PMC 2165718. PMID 14260621.
79. ^ Girling, Richard (2011). Rubbish!: Dirt on Our Hands And Crisis Ahead. London: Random House. ISBN 9781446436943.
80. ^ Geher, Robert
(2012). Complexity and Public Policy: A New Approach to 21st Century Politics, Policy And Society. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 9780415556620.
81. ^ 125 years of the International Union of Marine Insurance. Verlag Versicherungswirtsch. 1999.
ISBN 9783884877760. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
82. ^ Alexander, Carol; Sheedy, Elizabeth (2007). The Professional Risk Managers’ Guide to Financial Markets. McGraw Hill Professional. ISBN 978-0-07-154648-5. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
83. ^ “BBC news,
13 May 2008”. BBC News. 13 May 2008. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
84. ^ “Culture 24”. Culture 24. 26 November 2006. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
85. ^ Henley, Darren; McKernan, Vincent (2009), The Original Liverpool
Sound: The Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Society, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, p. 68, ISBN 978-1-84631-224-3
86. ^ Hartnoll, Phyllis; Found, Peter (1996), The Concise Oxford Companion to the Theatre (2nd ed.), Oxford: Oxford University
Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780192825742.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-282574-2
87. ^ Pevsner Architectural Guides: Liverpool, Joseph Sharples, 2004, Yale University Press
88. ^ Black’s Guide to Liverpool and Birkenhead, 1871, Adam and Charles Black,
Edinburgh
89. ^ George R. Matthews (2005). America’s First Olympics: The St. Louis Games of 1904 University of Missouri Press ISBN 978-0-8262-1588-8
90. ^ Ingomar Weiler (2004). “The predecessors of the Olympic movement, and Pierre de Coubertin”,
European Review, Vol. 12, No. 3, Cambridge University Press
91. ^ Craig Reedie, Jim Parry, Vassil Girginov (2005). The Olympic Games Explained: A Student Guide to the Evolution of the Modern Olympic Games, Routledge ISBN 978-0-415-34604-7
92. ^
Read, J. Gordon (23 September 2004). “Jones, Sir Alfred Lewis (1845–1909), shipping entrepreneur and colonial magnate”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/34222.
(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
93. ^ “Disused Stations: Liverpool Central Low Level Station”. Disused-stations.org.uk. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
94. ^ Liverpool Scenes 1896/1897 YouTube
95. ^ Liverpool City Council
News, 14 October 2008
96. ^ “Reaching for the Stars”, History Today, Volume: 63 Issue: 1 2013
97. ^ BBC News, 26 May 1999
98. ^ “Liverpool devolution deal”. Gov.uk. 16 March 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
99. ^ “Liverpool City Region explained
and how it’s different to Merseyside”. Liverpool Echo. 28 December 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
100. ^ Tyrrell, Nick (23 December 2018). “Why does Liverpool have THREE mayors? And what do they all do?”. The Liverpool Echo. Liverpool. Retrieved
13 June 2021.
101. ^ Thorp, Liam (16 May 2021). “Why Liverpool has so many mayors and what they all do”. The Liverpool Echo. Liverpool. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
102. ^ “The role of mayor”. May 2012. Archived from the original on 3 May 2012. Retrieved
7 May 2012.
103. ^ Niven, Rosie (27 April 2012). “Cabinet of mayors proves controversial offer to local authorities”. The Guardian. London. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
104. ^ “Role of the Lord Mayor”. May 2012. Archived from the original on 8 May 2012.
Retrieved 7 May 2012.
105. ^ “Ward Maps”. liverpool.gov.uk. Liverpool City Council. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
106. ^ Jump up to:a b “Liverpool Liberal Democrats being wiped out in Local Government elections 2011”. Liverpool Echo. Retrieved 6 May
2011.
107. ^ “England Council Elections: Liverpool”. BBC News. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
108. ^ Coligan, Nick (7 February 2008). “Official: Liverpool city council is worst – yes, the WORST – in the country”. Liverpool Echo. Retrieved 23 September
2008.
109. ^ “The real legacy of Margaret Thatcher is a nation divided”. Liverpool Echo. 21 July 2008. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
110. ^ Wilenius, Paul (5 March 2004). “Enemies within: Thatcher and the unions”. BBC News.
111. ^ “Liverpool Members
of Parliament”. Liverpool City Council. Archived from the original on 7 September 2008. Retrieved 3 July 2008.
112. ^ Jump up to:a b “Merseyside bucks national trend with Labour wins”. 13 December 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
113. ^ The Buildings
of England – Lancashire: Liverpool and the Southwest By Richard Pollard, Nikolaus Pevsner, Yale University Press, 2006, p243
114. ^ “Historical weather data for Bidston Observatory”. Archived from the original on 24 February 2011. Retrieved 7 March
2019.
115. ^ “Climate Liverpool Airport (Year 2006) – Climate data (33233)”. En.tutiempo.net. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
116. ^ “Bidston Observatory recorded hours of sunshine” (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 7 March
2019.
117. ^ “Liverpool Monthly Climate Averages”. WorldWeatherOnline.com. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
118. ^ “Climate Liverpool Airport (Year 1998) – Climate data (33233)”. En.tutiempo.net. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
119. ^ Georgia Morgan (8 October
2014). “Official: Tornado spotted on M53 motorway in Wirral”. Liverpool Echo.
120. ^ “Crosby climate information”. Met Office. 1 May 2014. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
121. ^ “Climate Liverpool Airport (October 2008) – Climate data (33233)”. En.tutiempo.net.
Retrieved 7 March 2019.
122. ^ “Climate Liverpool Airport (May 2012) – Climate data (33233)”. En.tutiempo.net. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
123. ^ “Monthly Weather Report of the Official Meteorological Office”. www.digital.nmla.metoffice.gov.uk. Retrieved
10 June 2021.
124. ^ S.L, Tutiempo Network. “Climate LIVERPOOL AIRPORT (June 1975) – Climate data (33230)”. www.tutiempo.net. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
125. ^ “Bidston Observatory recorded hours of rainfall (mm)” (PDF). 9 July 2011. Archived from
the original (PDF) on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
126. ^ “TYRain_1677-1859_A_pt1”. Met Office. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
127. ^ “Crosby 1991–2020 Averages”. Met Office. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
128. ^ “Historical weather data
for Bidston Observatory”. NOC. Archived from the original on 24 February 2011. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
129. ^ “Monthly weather forecast and Climate – Liverpool, United Kingdom”. Weather Atlas. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
130. ^ “MIDAS Open: UK
daily temperature data, v202007”. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
131. ^ Liverpool Green Infrastructure Strategy – ginw.co.uk/liverpool
132. ^ “The Draft Liverpool Local Plan September 2016” (PDF). liverpool.gov.uk.
133. ^ “Liverpool City Council –
Draft Liverpool Local Plan – 12 Green Infrastructure”. consult.liverpool.gov.uk.[permanent dead link]
134. ^ “Knowsley and Sefton Green Belt Study Nov 2012” (PDF). www.knowsley.gov.uk.
135. ^ “Green belt statistics – GOV.UK”. www.gov.uk. 16 September
2022.
136. ^ “2011 Census: Liverpool Summary” (PDF). Liverpool City Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
137. ^ “Liverpool District: Total Population”. A Vision of Britain through Time. University
of Portsmouth. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
138. ^ Ravetz, Alison (2001). Council housing and culture (New ed.). London [u.a.]: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-23945-5.
139. ^ Jump up to:a b UK Census (2011). “Local Area Report – Liverpool Local Authority
(1946157104)”. Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
UK Census (2011). “Local Area Report – England Country (2092957699)”. Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
140. ^ “Liverpool is a city
with deep Irish roots”.
141. ^ “Liverpool Urban Area”. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 30 June 2008.
142. ^ “Liverpool City Region: Development Programme Report 2006” (PDF). Liverpool: The Mersey Partnership. 2006. p. 10. Archived from
the original (PDF) on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
143. ^ “British urban pattern: population data” (PDF). ESPON project 1.4.3 Study on Urban Functions. European Spatial Planning Observation Network. March 2007. p. 119. Archived from the
original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
144. ^ “Shrinking cities and growing regions – emerging trends of new rural-urban relationships in the UK and Germany (Manchester eScholar – The University of Manchester)”. Escholar.manchester.ac.uk.
July 2005. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
145. ^ “World Gazetteer: United Kingdom – largest cities (per geographical entity)”. Archive.is. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
146. ^ Wainwright, Martin (23 October
2006). “Seeking peace and quiet? Here’s where to find it”. The Guardian. London.
147. ^ Jump up to:a b c UK Census (2011). “Local Area Report – Liverpool Local Authority (1946157104)”. Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
148. ^
Gibbons, Lottie (20 March 2020). “100 most common surnames in Merseyside and how many have them”. liverpoolecho. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
149. ^ “The 100 most common surnames in Merseyside – are you on the list?”. Wirral Globe. 15 March 2020. Retrieved
5 June 2020.
150. ^ Costello, Ray (2001). Black Liverpool: The Early History of Britain’s Oldest Black Community 1730–1918. Liverpool: Picton Press. ISBN 978-1-873245-07-1.
151. ^ McIntyre-Brown, Arabella; Woodland, Guy (2001). Liverpool: The
First 1,000 Years. Liverpool: Garlic Press. p. 57. ISBN 978-1-904099-00-0.
152. ^ “Ghana Mapping Exercise” (PDF). International Organization for Migration. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
153. ^ “Liverpool
City Council/Liverpool PCT Equality Impact Assessment Template”. The National Archives. Archived from the original on 8 April 2010. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
154. ^ “Culture and Ethnicity Differences in Liverpool – Chinese Community”. Chambré
Hardman Trust. Archived from the original on 24 July 2009. Retrieved 6 August 2008.
155. ^ Jump up to:a b “Culture and Ethnicity Differences in Liverpool – European Communities”. Chambré Hardman Trust. Archived from the original on 10 January 2009.
Retrieved 6 August 2008.
156. ^ “Coast Walk: Stage 5 – Steam Packet Company”. BBC. Retrieved 6 August 2008.
157. ^ “Leaving from Liverpool”. National Museums Liverpool. Archived from the original on 7 October 2008. Retrieved 6 August 2008.
158. ^
“Neighbourhood Statistics: Country of Birth”. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 24 December 2012. Retrieved 24 August 2008.
159. ^ Bounds, Andy (19 March 2020). “Liverpool holds fast to its Irish identity through Brexit
and beyond”. Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
160. ^ “Liverpool’s Latin quarter – just around the corner”. Liverpool.com. Archived from the original on 11 October 2012. Retrieved 13 September
2012.
161. ^ “Malaysia Mapping Exercise” (PDF). International Organization for Migration. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
162. ^ “Islam and Britain”. BBC. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
163. ^ “Church,
Mosque, Synagogue”. Liverpool Street Gallery. 2 December 2007. Archived from the original on 18 November 2009. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
164. ^ West, Ed. “Why does England not have sectarianism like Scotland and Northern Ireland? It’s the demography,
stupid”. The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 24 April 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
165. ^ “About Liverpool”.
166. ^ “Cathedral celebrates anniversary”. BBC News.
167. ^ Sharples, Joseph, Pevsner Architectural Guide to Liverpool,
Yale University Press, 2004, pg. 249
168. ^ “Liverpool Jewry Today”. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
169. ^ “Shri Radha Krishna Temple – (Hindu Cultural Organisation, Liverpool)”. Hcoliverpool.com. Archived
from the original on 7 February 2011. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
170. ^ Wellington Ave (1 January 1970). “Google Maps – Guru Nanak Gurdwara & Sikh Community Centre, Wellington Avenue, Liverpool, Merseyside, L15 0EJ”. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
171. ^
“Liverpool Baha’is Online – Liverpool Baha’i Centre and Community”. Users.globalnet.co.uk. 14 April 1950. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
172. ^ Islam In British Stone Archived 30 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine website
173. ^ Lousie Sardais. “Architectural
Heritage – The ‘little mosque'”. BBC. Retrieved 24 January 2009.
174. ^ Lousie Sardais. “Architectural Heritage – The ‘little mosque'”. BBC. Retrieved 24 January 2009.
175. ^ Chris Roberts, Heavy Words Lightly Thrown: The Reason Behind Rhyme,
Thorndike Press, 2006 (ISBN 0-7862-8517-6)
176. ^ Boland, Philip (2010). “Sonic Geography, Place and Race in the Formation of Local Identity: Liverpool and Scousers”. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography. 92 (1): 1–22. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0467.2010.00330.x.
ISSN 0435-3684. JSTOR 40835383. S2CID 144896001.
177. ^ “Economic Data”. Liverpool Vision. Archived from the original on 8 March 2010. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
178. ^ Jump up to:a b c d “Liverpool Economic Briefing – March 2009” (PDF). Liverpool
City Council. March 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 December 2010. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
179. ^ “Global Metro Monitor”. The Brookings Institution. 30 November 2001. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
180. ^ “Business sectors and services”.
Liverpool City Council. 8 October 2009. Archived from the original on 16 May 2010. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
181. ^ “Liverpool City Region Film and TV”. Visit Liverpool. Archived from the original on 10 October 2008. Retrieved 4 March 2010.
182. ^
“Locations, crew and facilities databases”. Liverpool City Council. 12 January 2010. Archived from the original on 19 June 2010. Retrieved 4 March 2010.
183. ^ Jump up to:a b “Host City: Liverpool”. England 2018. Archived from the original on 16
February 2010. Retrieved 4 March 2010.
184. ^ Jump up to:a b “Birmingham overtakes Glasgow in top 10 most-visited” (PDF). Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 December 2009. Retrieved 3 March 2010.
185. ^ “Top
150 City Destinations: London Leads the Way”. Euromonitor International. 11 October 2007. Archived from the original on 9 February 2010. Retrieved 3 March 2010.
186. ^ “City of Liverpool Cruise Terminal”. Liverpool City Council. 10 December 2010.
Archived from the original on 28 January 2010. Retrieved 4 March 2010.
187. ^ “UK recession tour: Liverpool’s retail therapy pays off”. The Daily Telegraph. London. 15 June 2009. Archived from the original on 16 February 2010. Retrieved 4 March
2010.
188. ^ “Provisional Port Statistics 2008”. Department for Transport. 14 May 2009. Archived from the original on 26 July 2009. Retrieved 4 March 2010.
189. ^ “Fast Facts”. Peel Ports. Archived from the original on 1 January 2016. Retrieved
21 November 2015.
190. ^ “Japanese shipping line NYK doubling its city operation”. Liverpool Echo. 16 February 2010. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
191. ^ “Liverpool wins London HQ as Maersk relocates to city”. Liverpool Echo. 4 February 2009. Retrieved
24 February 2010.
192. ^ Gleeson, Bill (17 June 2014). “Shipping giant ACL to build new head office in Liverpool”. Liverpool Echo. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
193. ^ “People power to decide fate of new £5.5bn waterfront”. Liverpool Echo. 7 March
2007. Retrieved 4 March 2010.
194. ^ “The Beatles ‘add £82m a year to Liverpool economy'”. BBC News. 8 February 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
195. ^ “The Beatles are contributing £82 Million every year to the Liverpool economy”. Newsweek.
8 February 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
196. ^ “The Beatles Add £82 Million To Liverpool’s Economy Annually”. Contactmusic.com. 8 February 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
197. ^ “Beatles Liverpool Report”. issuu. 8 February 2016. Retrieved
8 October 2021.
198. ^ Jones, Catherine (8 February 2016). “Why the Beatles are worth £82m a year to Liverpool”. Liverpool Echo. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
199. ^ Hughes 1999, p. 10
200. ^ Hughes 1999, p. 11
201. ^ “Grade I listing for synagogue”.
BBC. 3 March 2008. Retrieved 11 July 2009.
202. ^ “Listed buildings”. Liverpool City Council. Archived from the original on 17 October 2008. Retrieved 21 September 2008.
203. ^ “Historic Britain: Liverpool”. HistoricBritain.com. Retrieved 13 July
2009.
204. ^ “Merseyside Facts”. The Mersey Partnership. 2009. Archived from the original on 19 September 2007. Retrieved 13 July 2009.
205. ^ “Heritage map for changing city”. BBC News. 19 March 2002. Retrieved 11 July 2009.
206. ^ “Liverpool
– Maritime Mercantile City”. Retrieved 26 May 2008.
207. ^ “Liverpool stripped of Unesco World Heritage status”, BBC News, 21 July 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2021
208. ^ Jones, Ron (2004). Albert Dock, Liverpool. R.J. Associates Ltd. p. 46.
209. ^
Helen Carter (7 March 2003). “Glory of Greece, grandeur of Rome … and docks of Liverpool”. Guardian Unlimited. London. Retrieved 27 March 2007.
210. ^ Nicholls 2005, p. 38
211. ^ “Trading Places: A History of Liverpool Docks (Stanley Dock)”.
Liverpool Museums. Archived from the original on 28 October 2008. Retrieved 12 April 2008.
212. ^ Liverpool City Council 2005, p. 49
213. ^ Moscardini 2008, p. 10
214. ^ Nicholls 2005, p. 11
215. ^ Sharples 2004, p. 67
216. ^ Stewart, Gary
(1 October 2012). “Will Liverpool get its very own London Eye?”. Liverpool Echo. (Trinity Mirror). Archived from the original on 13 October 2012. Retrieved 24 July 2016.
217. ^ Miles, Tina (11 March 2010). “Liverpool Echo wheel of Liverpool – get
VIP tickets for launch day”. Liverpool Echo. (Trinity Mirror). Retrieved 24 July 2016.
218. ^ Cook, Richard (31 August 2017). “How Liverpool’s ‘New Chinatown’ became black hole for Asian money”. Asia Times. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
219. ^ Houghton,
Alistair (21 January 2018). “New Chinatown site is a ‘disgrace’ with rats and litter say furious residents”. Liverpool Echo. Archived from the original on 16 March 2018. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
220. ^ “Promises v reality: how the schemes were
sold – and what they look like now”. The Guardian. 12 March 2018. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
221. ^ Hughes 1999
222. ^ Liverpool City Council 2005, p. 73
223. ^ Jump up to:a b Liverpool City Council 2005, p. 74
224. ^ Sharples 2004, p. 48
225. ^
Manchester School of Architecture video YouTube
226. ^ “Oriel Chambers”. Liverpool Architectural Society. Archived from the original on 22 September 2008. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
227. ^ Manchester School of Architecture video YouTube
228. ^
Liverpool City Council 2005, p. 87
229. ^ Liverpool City Council 2005, p. 93
230. ^ “People’s Palaces: The Golden Age of Civic Architecture – BBC Four”. BBC. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
231. ^ Hughes 1999, p. 20
232. ^ Cousens, Belinda Cousins
(2006). Speke Hall. National Trust. p. 5.
233. ^ Hughes 1999, p. 22
234. ^ Manchester School of Architecture video YouTube
235. ^ Jump up to:a b Liverpool City Council 2005, p. 97
236. ^ Hughes 1999, p. 23
237. ^ Sharples 2004, p. 7
238. ^
“The Cathedrals of Britain: Liverpool’s Cathedrals”. BBC. Retrieved 15 July 2009.
239. ^ Brooks, John; Crampton, Malcolm (2007). Liverpool Cathedral. Jarold Publishing. p. 2.
240. ^ Sharples 2004, p. 83
241. ^ “Liverpool Cathedral”. VisitLiverpool.com.
Retrieved 15 July 2009.
242. ^ Sharples 2004, p. 73
243. ^ “Key Facts”. Grosvenor Group. Archived from the original on 11 June 2009. Retrieved 14 June 2009.
244. ^ Sharp, Laura (12 May 2009). “Liverpool Central Village regeneration plan approved”.
Liverpool Echo. Retrieved 15 July 2009.
245. ^ “Lime Street Gateway, Liverpool”. English Partnerships. 15 October 2008. Archived from the original on 28 February 2009. Retrieved 15 July 2009.
246. ^ “Peel unveil £5.5 billion investment plans”.
Peel Holdings. 6 March 2007. Archived from the original on 9 October 2007. Retrieved 15 July 2009.
247. ^ Coslett, Paul (20 June 2008). “Once Upon a Time at the Adelphi”. BBC. Retrieved 15 July 2009.
248. ^ “President:: The Rt Hon the Earl of
Derby” (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
249. ^ Liverpool City Council News, 23 February 2009
250. ^ “Motorway Database M62”. cdrd.co.uk. Retrieved 7 February 2008.
251. ^ “Motorway Database
A55”. cdrd.co.uk. Retrieved 7 February 2008.
252. ^ “Liverpool’s new £400m container terminal opens”. BBC News. 4 November 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
253. ^ “Liverpool Canal Link | Canal & River Trust”. canalrivertrust.org.uk.
254. ^
Davis, Laura (7 January 2019). “Cruises you can get from Liverpool in 2019”. liverpoolecho.
255. ^ “UK Airport Statistics: 2008 – annual”. Civil Aviation Authority. Retrieved 15 July 2009.
256. ^ “Airlines & Tour Operators”. Liverpool John Lennon
Airport. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
257. ^ “Jet2 announces eight winter holiday destinations from Liverpool John Lennon Airport”. Liverpool Echo. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
258. ^ Jump up to:a b “Who are Merseyrail”. Merseyrail. Archived from the original
on 26 June 2009. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
259. ^ “Merseyrail reports record levels of performance” (PDF). Merseyrail. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
260. ^ “Bus Information”. Merseytravel. Archived from
the original on 13 July 2009. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
261. ^ “Night Bus Network”. Merseytravel. Archived from the original on 2 August 2009. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
262. ^ “Liverpool City Sights”. Liverpool City Sights. Archived from the original
on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
263. ^ “Sightseeing in Liverpool Tour, Hop On Hop Off Bus | Liverpool City Tours”. Liverpool City Explorer.
264. ^ “Sightseeing & Tours – Visit Liverpool”. www.visitliverpool.com. Archived from the
original on 10 June 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
265. ^ “Complete Timetable”. Mersey Ferries. Archived from the original on 22 July 2009. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
266. ^ “River Explorer Cruises”. Mersey Ferries. Archived from the original on 23
July 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
267. ^ “New plans for Citybike scheme – Liverpool Express”. Liverpool Express. 28 July 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
268. ^ 100 Greatest Artists Of All Time: The Beatles (No.1) Archived 15 November 2012 at
the Wayback Machine. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 29 March 2018
269. ^ “Liverpool Rocks”. VisitLiverpool.com. Archived from the original on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 9 March 2010.
270. ^ Hickling, Alfred (21 February 2007). “‘It’s like San Francisco
– with greyer weather'”. The Guardian. London. Retrieved 9 March 2010.
271. ^ “40 Greatest One-Album Wonders: 13. The La’s, ‘The La’s’ (1990)”. Rolling Stone. 12 June 2019. Archived from th Photo credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/torquay-palms/15061894841/’]