toyota

 

  • With a major presence in Europe, due to the success of Toyota Team Europe in motorsport, the corporation decided to set up Toyota Motor Europe Marketing and Engineering, TMME,
    to help market vehicles in the continent.

  • For Toyota, the factory gave the company its first manufacturing base in North America allowing it to avoid any future tariffs on imported vehicles and saw GM as a partner
    who could show them how to navigate the American labor environment.

  • After World War II, Toyota benefited from Japan’s alliance with the United States to learn from American automakers and other companies, which gave rise to The Toyota Way
    (a management philosophy) and the Toyota Production System (a lean manufacturing practice) that transformed the small company into a leader in the industry and was the subject of many academic studies.

  • Toyota’s first manufacturing investment in the United States came in 1972 when the company struck a deal with Atlas Fabricators, to produce truck beds in Long Beach, in an
    effort to avoid the 25% “chicken tax” on imported light trucks.

  • [58] The vehicle would be produced exclusively for the Japanese market for the first two years.

  • While still a department of Toyota Industries, the company developed its first product, the Type A engine, in 1934 and its first passenger car in 1936, the Toyota AA.

  • Before the decade was out, Toyota introduced Lexus, a new division that was formed to market and service luxury vehicles in international markets.

  • The company had been developing the brand and vehicles in secret since August 1983, at a cost of over US$1 billion.

  • Two years later, Toyota set up a base in the United Kingdom, TMUK, as the company’s cars had become very popular among British drivers.

  • [31] The knowledge they gained during the trip, along with what the company learned making looms, gave rise to The Toyota Way (a management philosophy) and the Toyota Production
    System (a lean manufacturing practice) that transformed the company into a leader in the manufacturing industry.

  • [9][ The 1936 Toyota AA, the first vehicle produced by the company while it was still a department of Toyota Industries Vehicles were originally sold under the name “Toyoda”,
    from the family name of the company’s founder, Kiichirō Toyoda.

  • The booming economy also funded an international expansion that allowed Toyota to grow into one of the largest automakers in the world, the largest company in Japan and the
    ninth-largest company in the world by revenue, as of December 2020.

  • [44][45] Toyota also found success in the United States in 1965 with the Toyota Corona compact car, which was redesigned specifically for the American market with a more powerful
    engine.

  • The Corona helped increase U.S. sales of Toyota vehicles to more than 20,000 units in 1966 (a threefold increase) and helped the company become the third-best-selling import
    brand in the United States by 1967.

  • [30] In 1950, company executives, including Kiichiro’s cousin Eiji Toyoda, took a trip to the United States where they trained at the Ford Motor Company and observed the operations
    of dozens of U.S.

  • [38] In 1958, Toyota established a production facility in Brazil, the company’s first outside of Japan.

  • [52] GM saw the joint venture as a way to get access to a quality small car and an opportunity to learn about The Toyota Way and the Toyota Production System.

  • [50] Efforts to open a Toyota assembly plant in the United States started in 1980, with the company proposing a joint-venture with the Ford Motor Company.

  • In 1981, Japan agreed to voluntary export restraints, which limited the number of vehicles the nation would send to the United States each year, leading Toyota to establish
    assembly plants in North America.

  • After the successes of the 1970s, and the threats of import restrictions, Toyota started making additional investments in the North American market in the 1980s.

  • [18] Within months, Shoichiro started to merge Toyota’s sales and production organizations, and in 1982 the combined companies became the Toyota Motor Corporation.

  • [9][ On September 19, 1936, the Japanese imperial government officially designated Toyota Automatic Loom Works as an automotive manufacturer.

  • As part of the partnership, Daihatsu would supply kei cars for Toyota to sell and to a lesser extent Toyota would supply full-sized cars for Daihatsu to sell (a process known
    as rebadging), allowing both companies to sell a full line-up of vehicles.

  • Prior to the debut of Lexus, Toyota’s two existing flagship models, the Crown and Century, both catered exclusively for the Japanese market and had little global appeal that
    could compete with international luxury brands such as Mercedes-Benz, BMW and Jaguar.

  • Conservative Toyota held on to rear-wheel-drive designs for longer than most; while a clear first in overall production they were only third in production of front-wheel-drive
    cars in 1983, behind Nissan and Honda.

  • Under these new policies, in 1949, Japanese automakers were allowed to resume passenger car production, but at the same time, a new economic stabilization program to control
    inflation plunged the automotive industry into a serious shortage of funds, while many truck owners defaulted on their loans.

  • The principle of jidoka, which means the machine stops itself when a problem occurs, became later a part of the Toyota Production System.

  • In the 1960s, Toyota took advantage of the rapidly growing Japanese economy to sell cars to a growing middle-class, leading to the development of the Toyota Corolla, which
    became the world’s all-time best-selling automobile.

  • Toyota Prius, first generation (NHW10 1997–2000) In the 1990s, Toyota began to branch out from producing mostly compact cars by adding many larger and more luxurious vehicles
    to its lineup, including a full-sized pickup, the T100 (and later the Tundra), several lines of SUVs, a sport version of the Camry, known as the Camry Solara.

  • The partnership was successful and two years later, Toyota purchased Atlas.

  • [54] Toyota received its first Japanese Quality Control Award at the start of the 1980s and began participating in a wide variety of motorsports.

  • Toyota Automatic Loom Works formally transferred automobile manufacturing to the new entity on September 29.

  • After the introduction of the Crown, Toyota began aggressively expanding into the export market; the company entered Saudi Arabia for the first time in 1955 with Land Cruisers,
    following an agreement reached with Abdul Latif Jameel (founder of his company of the same name);[36][37] Toyota also brought Land Cruisers into neighboring Yemen in 1956.

  • [51] Eventually in 1984, the company struck a deal with General Motors (GM) to establish a joint-venture vehicle manufacturing plant called NUMMI (New United Motor Manufacturing,
    Inc.) in Fremont, California.

  • As Kiichiro had limited experience with automobile production, he initially focused on truck production; the company’s first truck, the G1, was completed on August 25, 1935,
    and debuted on November 21 in Tokyo, becoming the company’s first production model.

  • [55] The Lexus LS 400 went on sale in May 1989 and was seen as being largely responsible for the successful launch of Lexus.

  • [19] At the onset of World War II, Toyota almost exclusively produced standard-sized trucks for the Japanese Army, which paid one-fifth of the price in advance and the remainder
    in cash upon delivery.

  • Toyota was the world’s first automobile manufacturer to produce more than 10 million vehicles per year, a record set in 2012, when it also reported the production of its 200
    millionth vehicle.

  • In September 1936, the company ran a public competition to design a new logo.

  • [9] The Japanese government supported the company by preventing foreign competitors Ford and General Motors from importing automobiles into Japan.

  • In an effort to strengthen Japan’s auto industry ahead of the market opening, Toyota purchased stakes in other Japanese automakers.

  • [43] To take advantage of the moment, Toyota and other automakers started offering affordable economy cars like the Toyota Corolla, which became the world’s all-time best-selling
    automobile.

  • Domestic automakers, in the midst of their malaise era, struggled to build these cars profitably, but foreign automakers like Toyota were well positioned.

  • On February 10, 2014, it was announced that Toyota would cease manufacturing vehicles and engines in Australia by the end of 2017.

  • [101] In August 2022, Toyota pledged up to $5.6 billion towards production of electric vehicle battery production and announced an increase in investment in its plant near
    Greensboro, North Carolina.

  • [97] In December 2021, Toyota announced that it would invest ¥8,000,000,000,000 ($70 billion at 2021 exchange rate) in electric vehicles by 2030, launch 30 EV models worldwide
    by that year, and set a sales target of 3.5 million electric vehicles in 2030.

  • The company was number one in global automobile sales for the first quarter of 2008.

  • [78] In August 2014, Toyota announced it would be cutting its spare-parts prices in China by up to 35%.

  • The three companies said they would form a new joint venture by April called Commercial Japan Partnership Technologies Corporation with the aim of developing fuel cell and
    electric light trucks.

  • [89][90] On April 2, 2020, BYD and Toyota announced a new joint venture between the two companies called BYD Toyota EV Technology Co., Ltd., with the aim of “developing BEVs
    (Battery Electric Vehicles) that appeal to customers.

  • [102][103] Also in 2022, Toyota managed to maintain its position as the world’s best-selling automaker for the third year in a row.

  • Akio had been with Toyota since 1984, working jobs in production, marketing and product development, and took a seat on the board of directors in 2000.

  • [98] Toyota will increase its software engineer intake to around 40% to 50% of all technical hires from the second quarter of 2022, the move plans to address a transformation
    to so-called CASE — connected, autonomous, shared and electric — technologies in an environment of intensifying global competition.

  • [99] In 2021, Toyota told some of its suppliers to increase their semiconductor inventory levels from the conventional three months to five months in response to the COVID-19
    chip shortage.

  • [77] Both Ford Motor Company and General Motors (Holden) followed suit, ending Australian production in 2016 and 2017 respectively.

  • [104][105] In 2022, Toyota signed a £11.3 million deal with the British government to develop hydrogen-powered pickup trucks.

  • [92] In April 2021, Toyota said that it will buy Lyft’s self-driving technology unit for $550 million and merge it with its newly created Woven Planet Holdings automation
    division.

  • The automaker narrowly topped global sales for the first half of 2014, selling 5.1 million vehicles in the six months ending June 30, 2014, an increase of 3.8% on the same
    period the previous year.

  • The company introduced the T100 for the 1993 US model year.

  • In North America, the Hilux became a major model for the company, leading the company to launch the Tacoma in 1995.

  • [89] It sold 9.528 million vehicles globally despite an 11.3% drop in sales due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

  • In 2002, Toyota entered Formula One competition and established a manufacturing joint venture in France with French automakers Citroën and Peugeot.

  • In 2007, Toyota released an update of its full-sized truck, the Tundra, produced in two American factories, one in Texas and one in Indiana.

  • 2000s Toyota East Fuji Research and Development Center In August 2000, exports began of the Prius.

  • [79] In November 2015, the company announced that it would invest US$1 billion over the next 5 years into artificial intelligence and robotics research.

  • [58] In 2001, Toyota acquired its long time partner, truck and bus manufacturer Hino Motors.

  • [61] Toyota was hit by the global financial crisis of 2008 as it was forced in December 2008 to forecast its first annual loss in 70 years.

  • Pickup trucks Toyota Hilux (global) Toyota Tacoma (US/Canada) Toyota first entered the pickup truck market in 1947 with the SB that was only sold in Japan and limited Asian
    markets.

  • [123] In 1999, Toyota replaced the T100 with the larger Tundra, which would be built in the US with a V8 engine and styling that more closely matched other American full-size
    trucks.

  • [84] On August 27, 2018, Toyota announced an investment of US$500 million in Uber’s autonomous cars.

  • [122] The Tacoma was based on the Hilux, but with a design intended to better suit the needs of North American consumers who often use pickup trucks as personal vehicles.

  • In late-2012, the company announced plans build a production version of the car called the Toyota iQ EV (Scion iQ EV in the US, Toyota eQ in Japan),[168] but ultimately production
    was cut back to 100 cars for special fleet use in Japan and the U.S.

  • Toyota Production System Main article: Toyota Production System The Toyota Way also helped shape the company’s approach to production, where it was an early pioneer of what
    would become known as lean manufacturing.

  • In 1936, Toyota entered the passenger car market with its Model AA and held a competition to establish a new logo emphasizing speed for its new product line.

  • [182] Although the company unveiled its first self-driving test vehicle in 2017, and has been developing its own self-driving technology named “Chauffeur” (intended for full
    self-driving) and “Guardian” (a driver assist system), neither of these has been introduced into any production vehicles.

  • [158][159] Toyota created the first generation Toyota RAV4 EV (Electric Vehicle) as a compliance car after the California Air Resources Board mandated in the late 1990s that
    every automaker offer a zero-emissions vehicle.

  • The company’s series hybrid technology is called Hybrid Synergy Drive, and it was later applied to many vehicles in Toyota’s product lineup, starting first with the Camry
    and the technology was also brought to the luxury Lexus division.

  • [178] In June 2021, Transport & Environment ranked Toyota as the least ready OEM to transition to battery electric vehicles by 2030, stating: “Toyota has not set a target
    for 2030 and it plans to produce just 10% BEVs in 2025.

  • Before the decade was out, Toyota introduced Lexus, a new division that was formed to market and service luxury vehicles in markets outside of Japan.

  • [148] Toyota ultimately only did a small production run with 75,400 vehicles being produced between 2012 and 2016.

  • The origin of the Toyota Production System is in dispute, with three stories of its origin: (1) that during a 1950 trip to train with the Ford Motor Company, company executives
    also studied the just-in-time distribution system of the grocery store company Piggly-Wiggly,[256] (2) that they followed the writings of W. Edwards Deming,[257] and (3) they learned the principles from a WWII US government training program
    (Training Within Industry).

  • The company developed the brand and its vehicles in secret since August 1983, at a cost of over US$1 billion.

  • Toyota’s operations in North America began on October 31, 1957, and the current company was established in 2017 from the consolidation of three companies: Toyota Motor North
    America, Inc., which controlled Toyota’s corporate functions; Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. which handled marketing, sales, and distribution in the United States; and Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America which oversaw
    operations at all assembly plants in the region.

  • Currently, Toyota has no plans to offer diesel motor options in its North American products, including pickup trucks.

  • [167] Starting in 2009, Toyota introduced three generations of concept electric vehicles called the FT-EV built on a modified Toyota iQ platform.

  • [154] In late 2012, Toyota announced that it would back away from fully electric vehicles, after producing less than 5,000.

  • [175] In April 2021, Toyota revealed the bZ4X, an electric crossover SUV that will be the first vehicle built on a dedicated electric platform called e-TNGA when it goes on
    sale in mid-2022.

  • [181] Autonomous vehicles Main article: Woven by Toyota, Inc. Toyota e-Palette.

  • Toyota is the world’s leader in sales of hybrid electric vehicles, one of the largest companies to encourage the mass-market adoption of hybrid vehicles across the globe,
    and the first to commercially mass-produce and sell such vehicles, with the introduction of the XW10 Toyota Prius in 1997.

  • [170] In April 2019, Toyota introduced the C-HR EV, its first mass-produced pure electric model in China along with an identical twin called the IZOA EV.

  • [258] After developing the Toyota Production System in its own facilities, the company began teaching the system to its parts suppliers in the 1990s.

  • At the time, the company’s vice chairman, Takeshi Uchiyamada, said: “The current capabilities of electric vehicles do not meet society’s needs, whether it may be the distance
    the cars can run, or the costs, or how it takes a long time to charge.”

  • [272] In March 2015, Toyota became a sponsor partner for the Olympic Games, in the form of supplying vehicles and communications between vehicles until 2024.

  • [177] The company has also stated that there will be seven “bZ” models to be launched globally out of 15 BEV models by 2025.

  • As of January 2020, Toyota Motor Corporation sells 44 Toyota and Lexus hybrid passenger car models in over 90 countries and regions around the world, and the carmaker has
    sold over 15 million hybrid vehicles since 1997.

  • [132] The prototype of its first hydrogen fuel cell vehicle will be exhibited at the November 2013 Tokyo Motor Show, and in the United States at the January 2014 Consumer
    Electronics Show.

  • [240] Worldwide presence See also: List of Toyota manufacturing facilities Outside of Japan, as one of the world’s largest automotive manufacturer by production volume, Toyota
    has factories in most parts of the world.

  • [250] Company strategy The Toyota Way Main article: The Toyota Way The Toyota Way is a set of principles and behaviors that underlie the company’s approach to management and
    production (which is further defined as the Toyota Production System).

  • According to Aisin, he was so pleased with the first sewing machine, he decided to apply the same Toyota branding as his auto business, despite the companies being independent
    from each other.

  • Pleasure boats In 1997, building on a previous partnership with Yamaha Marine, Toyota created “Toyota Marine”,[199] building private ownership motorboats, currently sold only
    in Japan.

  • A small network in Japan sells the luxury craft at 54 locations, called the “Toyota Ponam” series, and in 2017, a boat was labeled under the Lexus brand name starting May
    26, 2017.

  • [191][192] Toyota has announced it intends to have the vehicle available for commercial applications before 2025.

  • Since the mid-2010s, Toyota has increased its focus on building hydrogen powered trucks.

  • Toyota hopes the technology could increase efficiency of battery electric vehicles by 30 percent, which in turn would reduce battery costs by the same amount.

  • Toyota has acquired the autonomous vehicle division of ride-hailing service Lyft for $550 million,[186] invested a total of US$1 billion in competing ride-hailing service
    Uber’s self-driving vehicle division,[187][188] invested $400 million in autonomous vehicle technology company Pony.ai,[189] and announced a partnership with Chinese electronics e-commerce company Cogobuy to build a “Smart Car Ecosystem.

  • Some new vehicles, like this Tacoma, still use the heritage TOYOTA wordmark.

  • [183] The company had set up a large research and development operation by 2018, spending almost US$4 billion to start an autonomous vehicle research institute in California’s
    Silicon Valley[182] and another ¥300 billion on a similar research institute in Tokyo that would partner with fellow Toyota Group companies and automotive suppliers Aisin Seiki and Denso.

  • [129][130] Toyota has built several prototypes/concepts of the FCHV since 1997, including the.

  • The company has been developing its corporate philosophy since 1948 and passing it on as implicit knowledge to new employees, but as the company expanded globally, leaders
    officially identified and defined the Toyota Way in 2001.

  • [150] Unlike the prior generation, where the plug-in battery was limited by being added to the existing Prius, this model would be developed in tandem with the fourth-generation
    Prius, allowing Toyota to increase the range to 40 kilometres (25 mi), with a top speed of 135 km/h (84 mph), without needing the assistance of the internal combustion engine.

  • North America Main article: Toyota Motor North America The Toyota Camry is assembled in several facilities around the world including Australia, China, Taiwan, Japan, Malaysia,
    the Philippines, Russia, Thailand, India, Vietnam, and the United States.

  • A year later, Toyota outlined its electric-vehicle plans for between 2020 and 2030 to the press in Tokyo, saying it would introduce “more than 10” battery-electric vehicles
    worldwide by the early 2020s, beginning in China, and later in Japan, Europe, the US and India.

  • The Toyota FCV-R fuel cell concept car was unveiled at the 2011 Tokyo Motor Show.

  • [244] It has started producing larger trucks, such as the new Tundra, to go after the full-size pickup market in the United States.

  • [131] In August 2012, Toyota announced its plans to start retail sales of a hydrogen fuel-cell sedan in California in 2015.

  • [196] Toyota has also studied participation in the general aviation market and contracted with Scaled Composites to produce a proof of concept aircraft, the TAA-1, in 2002.

  • A shift in Toyota’s formerly battery-agnostic posture could be seen as early as 2016, when Toyota’s CFO Takahiko Ijichi “sent a strong signal that Toyota soon plans to jump
    on the battery bandwagon and make electric cars despite expressing skeptical views about their range and charging times,” as the Wall Street Journal wrote.

  • [98] However, the company has stated that it believes other technologies, including hybrid and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, will continue to play a role in the future of the
    company.

  • “[190] In December 2020, Toyota showcased the 20-passenger “e-Palette” shared autonomous vehicle, which saw its first major use at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.

  • Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada operates three assembly plants: two in Cambridge, Ontario and one in Woodstock, Ontario.

  • In the 1980s, Toyota wanted to expand its luxury car offerings but realized that existing Japanese-market flagship models had little global appeal and could not compete with
    established brands such as Mercedes-Benz, BMW and Jaguar or the Acura and Infiniti marquees being launched by Japanese competitors.

  • [145] In late 2022, the company signed an £11.3 million government deal with the UK’s Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy to help it develop a hydrogen-powered
    Hilux pickup truck.

  • In 2018, Toyota and Mazda announced a joint venture plant that will produce vehicles in Huntsville, Alabama, starting in 2021.

  • However, in February 2014, Toyota was the last of Australia’s major automakers to announce the end of production in Australia.

  • [139] In 2015, Toyota released 5,600 patents for free use until 2020, hoping to promote global development of hydrogen fuel-cell technology.

  • [253] The company defines the Toyota Production System under two main pillars: just-in-time[254][full citation needed] (make only what is needed, only when it is needed, and
    only in the amount that is needed) and Jidoka[255][full citation needed] (automation with a human touch).

  • Non-automotive activities Aerospace Toyota is a minority shareholder in Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation, having invested US$67.2 million in the new venture which will produce
    the Mitsubishi Regional Jet, slated for first deliveries in 2017.

  • Toyota has a large presence in the United States with six major assembly plants in Huntsville, Alabama, Georgetown, Kentucky, Princeton, Indiana, San Antonio, Texas, Buffalo,
    West Virginia, and Blue Springs, Mississippi.

  • Other companies were interested in the instruction, and Toyota later started offering training sessions.

  • [169] Toyota said it would make and sell battery-electric vehicles if and where regulations and markets demand.

  • The Lexus brand was introduced to the Japanese market in 2005, previously all vehicles marketed internationally as Lexus from 1989 to 2005 were released in Japan under the
    Toyota marque.

  • He also said that the infrastructure needed for Japan to switch fully to EVs would cost between $135 billion and $358 billion and switching only to EVs would cost millions
    of jobs and make cars less affordable.

  • [200] Philanthropy The Toyota Municipal Museum of Art in Aichi, sponsored by the manufacturer Toyota works with nonprofits to improve their processes and operations such as
    the Food Bank For New York City.

  • While all three companies continue to exist in legal name, they operate as one company out of one headquarters campus.

  • [245] Toyota Canada Inc., which is part of Toyota Motor North America, handles marketing, sales, and distribution in Canada.

  • The Coaster is widely used in Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Australia, but also in the developing world for minibus operators in Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, the
    Caribbean, and South America to operate as public transportation.

 

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