• [79] Two months later, incensed by Churchill’s criticism of the government, the Oldham Conservative Association informed him that it would not support his candidature at the
  next general election.

• [160] The central issue in Britain at the time was Irish Home Rule and, in 1912, Asquith’s government introduced the Home Rule Bill.

• [43] In October, Churchill returned to England and began writing The River War, an account of the campaign which was published in November 1899; it was at this time that he
  decided to leave the army.

• [118] His social reforms under threat, Churchill became president of the Budget League,[22] and warned that upper-class obstruction could anger working-class Britons and lead
  to class war.

• [152] After the German government passed its 1912 Naval Law to increase warship production, Churchill vowed that Britain would do the same and that for every new battleship
  built by the Germans, Britain would build two.

• [33] Interested in British parliamentary affairs,[34] he declared himself “a Liberal in all but name”, adding that he could never endorse the Liberal Party’s support for Irish
  home rule.

• [13] His father wanted him to prepare for a military career and so his last three years at Harrow were in the army form.

• [179] Military service, 1915–1916 On 25 November 1915, Churchill resigned from the government, although he remained an MP.

• [41] Using his contacts in London, Churchill got himself attached to General Kitchener’s campaign in the Sudan as a 21st Lancers subaltern while, additionally, working as
  a journalist for The Morning Post.

• [22] Home Secretary: 1910–1911 In February 1910, Churchill was promoted to Home Secretary, giving him control over the police and prison services;[123] he implemented a prison
  reform programme.

• [46] Politics and South Africa: 1899–1901 Churchill in 1900 around the time of his first election to Parliament.

• [165] As First Lord, Churchill was tasked with overseeing Britain’s naval effort when the First World War began in August 1914.

• After two years out of Parliament, he served as Chancellor of the Exchequer in Stanley Baldwin’s Conservative government, returning the pound sterling in 1925 to the gold
  standard at its pre-war parity, a move widely seen as creating deflationary pressure and depressing the UK economy.

• [177] In May, Asquith agreed under parliamentary pressure to form an all-party coalition government, but the Conservatives’ one condition of entry was that Churchill must
  be removed from the Admiralty.

• [163] Later, following a Cabinet decision, he boosted the naval presence in Ireland to deal with any Unionist uprising.

• He stood again as one of the Conservative candidates at Oldham in the October 1900 general election, securing a narrow victory to become a Member of Parliament at age 25.

• In H. H. Asquith’s Liberal government, Churchill served as President of the Board of Trade and Home Secretary, championing prison reform and workers’ social security.

• [35] Instead, he allied himself to the Tory democracy wing of the Conservative Party and on a visit home, gave his first public speech for the party’s Primrose League at Claverton
  Down, near Bath.

• [40] To keep himself fully occupied, Churchill embraced writing as what Roy Jenkins calls his “whole habit”, especially through his political career when he was out of office.

• [119] The government called the January 1910 general election, which resulted in a narrow Liberal victory; Churchill retained his seat at Dundee.

• His second term was preoccupied with foreign affairs, especially Anglo-American relations and preservation of what remained of the British Empire with India now no longer
  part of it.

• [22] Churchill sensed that the animosity of many party members would prevent him from gaining a Cabinet position under a Conservative government.

• He joined the British Army in 1895 and saw action in British India, the Anglo-Sudan War, and the Second Boer War, gaining fame as a war correspondent and writing books about
  his campaigns.

• • Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: In office, 26 October 1951 – 5 April 1955; Monarchs: George VI, Elizabeth II; Deputy: Anthony Eden; Preceded by: Clement Attlee; Succeeded
  by: Anthony Eden; In office, 10 May 1940 – 26 July 1945; Monarch: George VI; Deputy: Clement Attlee (1942–1945); Preceded by: Neville Chamberlain; Succeeded by: Clement Attlee; Personal details: Born: Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill, 30
  November 1874 Blenheim, Oxfordshire, England; Died: 24 January 1965 (aged 90) London, England; Resting place: St Martin’s Church, Bladon, Oxfordshire; Political party: Conservative (1900–1904; 1924–1964); Other political affiliations: Liberal
  (1904–1924); Spouse: Clementine Hozier,(m. 1908); Children: Diana, Randolph, Sarah, Marigold; Parents: Lord Randolph Churchill, Jennie Jerome Mary; Education: Harrow School, RMC Sandhurst; Occupation: Politician, Soldier, writer, Historian,
  painter; Military service: Branch/service: British Army, Territorial Army (from 1902); Years of service: 1893–1924; Unit: 4th Queen’s Own Hussars, Malakand Field Force, 21st Lancers, South African Light Horse, Queen’s Own Oxfordshire Hussars,
  Grenadier Guards, Royal Scots Fusiliers; Commands: 6th bn, Royal Scots Fusiliers; Battles/wars: North-West Frontier, Mahdist War, Second Boer War (POW), First World War Early life Childhood and schooling: 1874–1895 Jennie Spencer Churchill
  with her two sons, Jack (left) and Winston (right) in 1889.

• [163] Speaking in the House of Commons on 16 February 1922, Churchill said: “What Irishmen all over the world most desire is not hostility against this country, but the unity
  of their own”.

• Out of government during his so-called “wilderness years” in the 1930s, Churchill took the lead in calling for British rearmament to counter the growing threat of militarism
  in Nazi Germany.

• In 1917, he returned to government under David Lloyd George and served successively as Minister of Munitions, Secretary of State for War, Secretary of State for Air, and Secretary
  of State for the Colonies, overseeing the Anglo-Irish Treaty and British foreign policy in the Middle East.

• [83] Hoping to secure a working majority in the House of Commons, Campbell-Bannerman called a general election in January 1906, which the Liberals won.

• Churchill formed a national government and oversaw British involvement in the Allied war effort against the Axis powers, resulting in victory in 1945.

• [164] Seeking a compromise, Churchill suggested that Ireland remain part of a federal United Kingdom but this angered Liberals and Irish nationalists.

• [58] He was among the first British troops into both places.

• [89] In the new government, Churchill became Under-Secretary of State for the Colonial Office, a junior ministerial position that he had requested.

• [19] Eager to witness military action, he used his mother’s influence to get himself posted to a war zone.

• [176] Both campaigns failed and Churchill was held by many MPs, particularly Conservatives, to be personally responsible.

• In February 1901, Churchill took his seat in the House of Commons, where his maiden speech gained widespread press coverage.

• [68] He associated with a group of Conservatives known as the Hughligans,[69] but he was critical of the Conservative government on various issues, especially increases in
  army funding.

• [141] Churchill stood with the police though he did not direct their operation.

• [22] He proceeded to New York City and, in admiration of the United States, wrote to his mother about “what an extraordinary people the Americans are!”.

• [114] To ensure funding for their reforms, Lloyd George and Churchill denounced Reginald McKenna’s policy of naval expansion,[115] refusing to believe that war with Germany
  was inevitable.

• Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill[a] (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
  twice, from 1940 to 1945 during the Second World War, and again from 1951 to 1955.

• Churchill, learning that the troops were already travelling, allowed them to go as far as Swindon and Cardiff, but blocked their deployment; he was concerned that the use
  of troops could lead to bloodshed.

• [110] Continuing Lloyd George’s work,[22] Churchill introduced the Mines Eight Hours Bill, which legally prohibited miners from working more than an eight-hour day.

• [122] Churchill continued to campaign against the House of Lords and assisted passage of the Parliament Act 1911 which reduced and restricted its powers.

• [63] In the same month, he published Ian Hamilton’s March, a book about his South African experiences,[64][65] which became the focus of a lecture tour in November through
  Britain, America and Canada.

• Churchill supported giving women the vote, but he would only back a bill to that effect if it had majority support from the (male) electorate.

• [99] Newly appointed Cabinet ministers were legally obliged to seek re-election at a by-election and on 24 April, Churchill lost the Manchester North West by-election to the
  Conservative candidate by 429 votes.

• [120] After the election, he proposed the abolition of the House of Lords in a cabinet memorandum, suggesting that it be succeeded either by a unicameral system or by a new,
  smaller second chamber that lacked an in-built advantage for the Conservatives.

• [167] In September, Churchill assumed full responsibility for Britain’s aerial defence.

• [47] Seeking a parliamentary career, Churchill spoke at Conservative meetings[48] and was selected as one of the party’s two parliamentary candidates for the June 1899 by-election
  in Oldham, Lancashire.

• Widely considered one of the 20th century’s most significant figures, Churchill remains popular in the Anglosphere, where he is seen as a victorious wartime leader who played
  an important role in defending Europe’s liberal democracy against the spread of fascism.

• [116] As Chancellor, Lloyd George presented his “People’s Budget” on 29 April 1909, calling it a war budget to eliminate poverty.

• [80] In May 1904, Churchill opposed the government’s proposed Aliens Bill, designed to curb Jewish migration into Britain.

• [140] In January 1911, Churchill became involved in the Siege of Sidney Street; three Latvian burglars had killed several police officers and hidden in a house in London’s
  East End, which was surrounded by police.

• [162] Concerning the possibility of the Partition of Ireland, Churchill stated: “Whatever Ulster’s right may be, she cannot stand in the way of the whole of the rest of Ireland.

• [45] On 2 December 1898, Churchill embarked for India to settle his military business and complete his resignation from the 4th Hussars.

• At the outbreak of the Second World War he was re-appointed First Lord of the Admiralty.

• Between his terms as Prime Minister, he wrote several books recounting his experience during the war.

• He resigned in November 1915 and joined the Royal Scots Fusiliers on the Western Front for six months.

• Asquith succeeded the terminally ill Campbell-Bannerman on 8 April 1908 and, four days later, Churchill was appointed President of the Board of Trade, succeeding Lloyd George
  who became Chancellor of the Exchequer.

• As First Lord of the Admiralty during the First World War, he oversaw the Gallipoli Campaign but, after it proved a disaster, he was demoted to Chancellor of the Duchy of
  Lancaster.

• [92] Churchill’s first task was helping to draft a constitution for the Transvaal;[93] and he helped oversee the formation of a government in the Orange River Colony.

• [142] Although he faced criticism for his decision, he stated that he “thought it better to let the house burn down rather than spend good British lives in rescuing those
  ferocious rascals”.

• As a Liberal, Churchill attacked government policy and gained a reputation as a radical under the influences of John Morley and David Lloyd George.

• He hoped that, if successful, the British could even seize Constantinople.

• [20] In the autumn of 1895, he and his friend Reggie Barnes, then a subaltern, went to Cuba to observe the war of independence and became involved in skirmishes after joining
  Spanish troops attempting to suppress independence fighters.

• [143] In March 1911, Churchill introduced the second reading of the Coal Mines Bill in parliament.

• [71] In this context, Churchill later wrote that he “drifted steadily to the left” of parliamentary politics.

• Asquith rejected his request to be appointed Governor-General of British East Africa.

• [95] He also announced a gradual phasing out of the use of Chinese indentured labourers in South Africa; he and the government decided that a sudden ban would cause too much
  upset in the colony and might damage the economy.

 

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